Tell me about your understanding of the feudal system and monarch restrictions? Quick solution~

Are you talking about the system of prefectures and counties? After Qin unified the country, there was a debate over the feudal system and the system of prefectures and counties. In the end, Qin Shihuang implemented the system of prefectures and counties in view of the failures of the feudal system. Just as the "Book of Han" says: "Qin took over the four seas and thought that the Zhou system was weak and eventually lost to the princes, so it did not establish feudal rulers and divided the world into prefectures and counties." So, what is the difference between the enfeoffment system and the prefecture and county system? ? First, the inheritance systems are different. The enfeoffment system sprouted in the Xia Dynasty and became popular in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was a system in which the monarch gave land and towns to the clan members as salaries. There are three types of recipients: first, the relatives of the Zhou king with the same surname, that is, the royal family; second, the heroes; third, the descendants of the ancient sage kings, that is, the descendants of the previous nobles. No matter who is granted the title, once the title is granted, it will be passed down from generation to generation, and a hereditary system will be implemented. The county system is the opposite. The chief administrators, governors and magistrates of counties are directly appointed and removed by the emperor, and cannot be hereditary. That is, an appointment and removal system is implemented. Second, the scope of responsibilities is different. Under the feudal system, the feudal princes not only enjoyed administrative rights within the fiefdom, but also had the right to manage land and population. However, the feudal princes must fulfill certain obligations to the Emperor of Zhou. For example, they must regularly hire the King of Zhou, contribute various products to the King of Zhou, accept the King of Zhou's orders to send troops to defend the royal family or conquer rebels, etc., and at the same time, they must also fulfill their obligations to the King of Zhou for weddings, funerals, hunting patrols, etc. The county system is different. County governors and county magistrates only exercise administrative power within their jurisdiction and gradually lose their control over land and population. County governors and county magistrates were only responsible for managing the people, collecting taxes, and collecting military service and corvee labor. Third, the orientation of “governing the land” is different. The fiefdoms under the enfeoffment system were mostly located around the grantor, with the central area being the center of direct rule by the grantor, that is, the king or the princes. For example, the area directly ruled by the king was limited to the "king's territory" which was "a thousand miles square", and the areas outside the territory were entrusted to various princes in order to protect the security of the king's territory and the four frontiers. The direct rule of the princes is often in the center of the fiefdom, which is called the "capital" city, and the nearby or remote areas are entrusted to the officials as fiefs. The ministers continued to distribute the money to the scholar-bureaucrats on the same principle. In this way, the royal territories, "capital" cities, and fiefs are located in the center of the fiefdoms at all levels, and the surrounding areas are the fiefdoms of the recipients, forming a governance network of "stars over the moon" at different levels, embodying the "ancient The traditional concept of "a king should choose the world to build a country, choose a country to build a palace, and choose a palace to build a temple." The situation of the county system is different. When it was first established, most counties were located in remote and strategic areas. For example, after Qin Nanping defeated Baiyue, he established Nanhai County, Guilin County, and Xiang County; after attacking the Xiongnu in the north and recovering Shuofang, he established Jiuyuan County. The prefecture is located near the relatively prosperous Kinki area, which is the center of the rule. Later, with the development of productivity and political and military needs, the regional distribution of counties and counties gradually became consistent, and eventually developed into a subordinate relationship between counties and counties. Fourth, the role of history is different. The enfeoffment system reflects the political situation of "under the thin sky, it's the king's land; on the shore of the land, it's the king's ministers". Each feudal state has the obligation to defend the king's territory and protect the absolute safety of the king. This is closely related to the economic development in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It has certain progressive significance to adapt to the situation of low level, political imbalance and large cultural differences. However, because each vassal state had absolute power to rule over the fiefdom, it became independent kingdoms of various sizes. Under certain conditions, these kingdoms evolved into completely independent countries, directly or indirectly threatening the security of the king, leading to a political situation in which countries competed for hegemony and merged with each other, the power of the king weakened, and power fell to others, eventually leading to complete division. The formation of the struggle for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period can be said to be the inevitable product of the feudal system. The emergence and implementation of the county system eliminated the hidden dangers caused by feudalism and enabled the emperor to directly control the local administrative system. It became an integral part of China's feudal autocratic rule for more than two thousand years. Wang Euzhi said: "The system of prefectures and counties has been in existence for two thousand years, and it cannot be changed. It is consistent with the past and the present, and it is the trend of the times. Isn't it unreasonable to do so?" It can be seen from this that the prefectures and counties system has great influence on China's traditional feudal society. social regulation has had a profound impact.