Folk custom (Fuzhou) composition

From the first day to the third day of the first lunar month, it was called "shoes" and "New Year's Day" in ancient times, and now it is called the Spring Festival. Fuzhou people call it "making the year", which is the most grand and longest festival in a year. At dawn, every household opens doors, burns incense and shoots guns to welcome the New Year. There are many taboos in this festival tradition. When you say the first sentence and do the first thing, you should pay attention to your good complexion in order to look forward to a safe year. At the beginning of the new year, everyone should say auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich", "Getting rich" and "Peace" in the first sentence, and the other party will respond with corresponding good words. No sweeping, no fetching water, no fetching water, no chopping wood, no washing clothes, no bathing, no haircut and no unlucky words. When the whole family gets up, they put on new clothes or the best clothes. Breakfast, some eat peacefully (noodles, chicken, duck eggs) to wish peace and longevity; Some eat rice cakes (brown sugar cakes) to wish you a high promotion every year; Some old people are vegetarians and pray for the safety of their families for a year. On the first day of junior high school, seniors will pay New Year greetings to their elders, who will give them lucky money or candy oranges.

On the first day, people can visit relatives and friends and celebrate the New Year with each other on the second and third days. As Wu Jiyun, a poet in A Qing, said in "Zhi Zhu's Ci at the age of Fu Zhou": "The imperial clan is newly dressed, leading others, being courteous and joyful; I met * * * on the road and made a fortune. " This is the landscape of Xinzheng in ancient Fuzhou. Families with married daughters will hold spring wine and invite their daughters, son-in-law and grandchildren back to their parents' homes for a banquet. Water boatman (? Women, wearing red flowers, blue shirts, blue trousers and blue shoes, went ashore together and went door to door, singing poems in Fuzhou dialect: "Aunties all celebrate the New Year and hang red umbrella lights in front of the hall; Okay？ I am embarrassed to send my slave to the door of the gold plate enterprise (meaning standing). " "The old year has passed, the new year has passed, business is booming, and big money is made; Congratulations on getting rich and safe. Send slaves? Passed the door. " This is called "begging? Poetry ",this is a New Year greeting. What is the New Year's greeting? To show good luck. During the Spring Festival, the streets and alleys of Fuzhou are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and the festive atmosphere is everywhere.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), party and government leaders at all levels used gifts to pay New Year greetings to families of martyrs, retired cadres and old model workers before or during festivals. All relevant departments organize Spring Festival garden parties, parties from all walks of life, literary evenings and other activities. Those superstitious old customs gradually disappeared. In the early 1990s, most families installed telephones, and relatives and friends exchanged New Year greetings by telephone, thus reducing the traffic congestion during holidays.

In the early morning of the fourth day, every household burned incense to "pick up the gods" to welcome the kitchen god back to see things. All walks of life have holidays, set off firecrackers, set up shops, factories and offices. After the 1990s, the study time was adjusted, and now it is the eighth day of work. Some service industries are still open during the Spring Festival.

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Birthday funeral

Fujian attaches importance to celebrating the birthday of its elders. Fuzhou tradition is that men celebrate nine and women celebrate ten. For example, a man's 60th birthday must be held in the year of 59, because "nine" and "long" are homophonic and symbolize longevity. In addition, the day before your birthday, you must make a "mosaic" first. That is, on the day before the birthday, all the birthday candles sent by the younger generation are lit in front of the ancestral memorial, and three paper flowers are inserted in three bowls of birthday noodles. The younger generation at home bows to the birthday person, and then sits down to drink and enjoy music. If the younger generation has money, they can ask Confucianism and Taoism to set up a hall to recite scriptures and ask Beidou to live forever. This is called "fighting".

Funeral customs in Fuzhou are very complicated and extravagant. When the deceased is dying, relatives must remove the mosquito net from his bed, which is said to make the soul of the deceased out of the body; After the death of the deceased, it is necessary to change clothes for the deceased and "paste a white gun" at the gate. Then, send people everywhere to report the funeral, and then prepare a big foot bucket filled with soil and sand. After the candle was lit, it was inserted into the bucket and placed on the ground in front of the bed of the deceased, as if the deceased was going to the yellow road for lighting. The face of the deceased needs to be covered with white paper to show the difference between yin and yang.

Belief taboo

Fujian people generally worship trees and rocks. All older trees are considered as sacred trees with aura. Such as Maple God, Banyan God, Zhang Shen, Songgong, etc. Among them, the banyan tree is considered to be the embodiment of auspicious gods. No matter in town or country, people will burn incense and pray under the famous ancient banyan tree shaded by the sun.

Life taboos in Fuzhou are everywhere. When the host invites you to dinner, the meal is often as high as a mountain. Guests can say that they can't eat that much, so put the rice into the host's rice bowl, but don't hesitate to put chopsticks in the rice bowl. This is extremely unlucky. Because Fuzhou was offering sacrifices to the coffin head of the mourning hall, there was a bowl full of "funeral food" with a pair of chopsticks. When going to a wedding reception, the dishes should not overlap, otherwise it is bigamy. Speaking is taboo. "Want a bowl of rice" should be called "Come to a bowl of rice" to avoid begging.

Aojiujie

The 29th day of the first month is a unique traditional folk festival in Fuzhou. The "nine festivals" are also called "the last nine festivals" and "the filial piety festival". Early this morning, every household uses glutinous rice, brown sugar, peanuts, red dates, water chestnut, sesame seeds, longan and other raw materials to cook sweet porridge, which is called "lotus root wine porridge" to worship ancestors or give gifts to relatives and friends. Married daughters are also given a bowl of "Nine Porridges", and some even add too flat noodles, eggs, trotters and so on. And send them back to their parents to honor their parents. In addition, anyone who has reached the age of nine, such as nine, nineteen, twenty-nine, or multiples of nine, such as eighteen, twenty-seven and thirty-six, must eat a bowl of "Taiping" like a birthday to be safe and healthy.

"Ao Jiujie" comes from the legend of "Manglietia". It is said that there was a man named Mulian in ancient times. His mother was fierce before her death and was imprisoned in the underworld after her death. When he visited the prison, he often sent her food, but all of them were eaten by the guards. Later, he thought of a way to mix water chestnut, peanuts, red dates, longan, brown sugar and other raw materials with glutinous rice, cook it into sweet porridge, put it in a bowl, and sprinkle a handful of black sesame seeds to his mother. Seeing that the porridge was black, the jailer asked, "What is this?" Manglietia casually replied, "This is porridge." The guards think this porridge is unclean and dare not eat it. Therefore, Ou Jiuzhou was delivered to Mu Lian's mother. It happened to be the 29th day of the first month, and Manglietia's mother just turned 29 this year. According to folk custom, the first month is divided into "Sanjiu", the ninth day of the first month is called "Shangjiu", the 19th day is called "Zhongjiu", and the 29th day is called "Houjiu porridge". In the future, the color of porridge is black, which is called "Nine Porridge" to show filial piety to mother, also called "Nine Porridge". Whether it's the 29th or 29th of the first month, it's the day of Manglietia's mother's accident. Therefore, Fuzhou people taboo 9 th and think that "9" is a year of adversity. Therefore, anyone who meets the age of "nine" should eat a little more evenly, and a married daughter should give her parents a "nine" to ensure their safety and health.