Behind the prosperity of Buddhism, talk about the cultural history of Buddhism in Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, scholars were willing to build Buddhist temples and often erected monuments to build temples. According to scholars, Buddhism is the core of Confucian culture, especially for ordinary people. What is the truth? This paper will sort out the views of Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty and discuss the status of Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty. Buddhist temples. Let's talk about Buddhism first. How much do you know? Buddhism did not belong to China, but was first introduced to China in the Eastern Han Dynasty. But after China took root and gradually became China, Buddhism became the core of a culture. At that time, officials were eager for Buddhism. Many scholar-officials believe in Buddhism from the west and practice Buddhism in their spare time. They are Buddhists. However, what is the status of Buddhism in the Confucian cultural context? In the Ming Dynasty, Confucian culture was the mainstream ideology of the society, but scholars were extremely obsessed with Buddhism, often talked with Buddhist monks for rewards, and used their power to build Buddhist temples and temples, which kept close contacts. After the introduction of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism began to enter the countryside, lagging behind the feudal minority areas. ""His family, Wang Xueli, died and broke his home, giving the Buddha a lot of money. "What do you mean? Here, less is a little, and gold is control. It is said that some Buddhist practices control people in some ethnic minority areas, where people generally need to rely on Buddhism to decide rituals and death ceremonies. Actually, this phenomenon is not accidental. In some backward areas, Buddhism can often change local customs and habits and increase people's life rituals. Buddhism Culture The prosperity of Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty was just that, unlike the West, which was separated from politics and religion, China was ruled by politics. It can be said that Buddhism is ultimately determined by politics. What did the ruling class think of religion at that time? Among the Buddhist temples built in past dynasties, they belong to the Ming Dynasty. It can be said that Buddhism flourished in the Ming Dynasty. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, temples 10 were built, in the Sui Dynasty, 2 in the Five Dynasties, 46 in the Tang Dynasty, 15 in the Song Dynasty, 9 in the Jin Dynasty, 8 in the Yuan Dynasty, 33 in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt/kloc-0 in the Ming Dynasty. A total of 47 were built in the Ming Dynasty, more than in the Tang Dynasty. The teaching of saints is beneficial without the teaching of Buddhism, while the teaching of Buddhism is useless without the teaching of saints. Why? The holy religion attaches importance to the meaning of monarch and minister, while Buddhism does not. When you leave, you will see that the world is getting more and more chaotic. Shi An's life. The holy religion attaches importance to the relationship between father and son, while Buddhism does not. If the fruit is gone, father and son will see that human beings are dying. Shi An succeeded. It is the teaching of saints and the basis of Buddhism. " This is a sentence from Zhu Yuanzhang, from which we can get a glimpse. "The teaching of saints" refers to Confucian culture, which means that the national culture is maintained by Confucianism. Without basic social order, Buddhism cannot exist. In Confucian culture, it is our duty to govern the country and level the world. If ordinary people pursue Buddhism practice after death and forget their responsibilities, society cannot develop. In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang hit the nail on the head. The view of avoiding the world advocated by Buddhism is not conducive to rule. The corrective role of Buddha Buddhism ""All the students visit Brahma Temple and are companions of Buddhism. If they can be sincere and true, and can be guided by their teachings, they will not be confused by the bitter and empty Zen, and the purpose of benevolence and righteousness will not be bad. Although Confucius and Mencius are an old family, it is impossible. This is also what all my comrades deeply hope. "Later, after a long period of revision, people think that Confucian culture is the core of rule, while Buddhism is just a revision. By talking with monks in Buddhist temples, the scholar-officials corrected the disappointment of real life in Buddhist culture, thus asking people to do good and bear secular responsibilities instead of always pursuing "being born". It should be said that the Confucian culture at this time has recognized Buddhism, which is equivalent to annexing Buddhism. The number of Buddhist temples peaked in the Ming Dynasty is also an explanation. Under the daily impact of Confucian culture, people's confusion about the future can learn from the "achievements" of Buddhism and become a more active individual. The benefits of Buddhist culture are also here. Buddhist Statue 2 In Buddhist culture, the theory of karma is generally accepted. Karma is divided into good karma and bad karma, good karma has good karma and bad karma has bad karma. Among them, ten good deeds refer to not killing, stealing, being immoral, not talking nonsense, not being bilingual, not swearing, not being greedy, not being angry, not being Jaken, and vice versa. Obviously, what goes around comes around in Buddhism can enlighten people. If you want good, you will benefit, and if you want evil, you will be afraid. It is the blessing of the people, and it is also the reason for the people to serve the country. According to Buddhist theory, there are various kinds of beings, namely, heaven, man, Asura, beast, evil spirits and hell. Heaven is divided into three realms and twenty-eight floors, and hell is the destination arranged by the wicked after their death. According to their evil deeds, they fell into hell and were tortured. The behavior of all beings before their death may make them born in heaven, go to hell, become evil spirits, or degenerate into animals. There are land and water temples in the temple, so it is also dedicated to the gods. The husband and god have their own masters, and the sacrifices are divided. Emperor worships heaven and earth, princes worship mountains and rivers, doctors worship five, and scholars worship ancestors first. The truth of this principle should not be changed. The temple is so evil, should we sacrifice to the gods? This nosy man can hardly wait to spread his teachings, which is shocking and shocking. He can gain Fukuda's benefits by saying that he admires and respects his Tao. It's unnatural to ask for gods. Under the influence of Buddhist culture, a large number of statues and Buddhist temples have been built in various places, and ordinary people and literati are very keen to pay homage to these statues. Moreover, the theoretical knowledge of Buddhism is easily accepted by the uneducated lower class. They hope to get good results through their accumulated good deeds. On the one hand, they struggle to survive under the oppression of reality, on the other hand, they guide people to do more good deeds and accumulate virtue through their own behavior correction, which is the positive role of Buddhist culture. Under this enlightenment, Buddhist culture became a supplement to Confucian culture. Buddha statue 4 gives food to make it overflow from the warehouse. Drinking with pulp will make you hungry wherever you go. With clothes, you can get a beautiful and solemn body. With housing, farmland houses are spacious and solemn. If you use bedding, you will get a bright and clean aristocratic wealth. Like a carriage, the four gods are useless With the application of decoction, you can be safe and happy without various diseases. It is said that delivering meals will make the warehouse full, donating pulp will make everyone not hungry, and delivering clothes will be protected by solemn laws. Give in your own residence, and you will get a vast world and a mansion. If you give it in soup, you will be safe and happy without any disease. This is an act of giving declared by Buddhism for its own survival. Most Buddhist temples have no viability and agriculture, and they are basically maintained by the "charity" of ordinary people and literati. During the Ming dynasty, this kind of behavior of creating Buddhist culture emerged one after another. Not only ordinary people spontaneously, but also scholars are willing to build Buddhist temples. During the Jingtai period, the government stipulated that each Buddhist temple was limited to 60 mu of industry, and all the rest were allocated for charity. At that time, it was difficult for ordinary people to support their families, and the government attached great importance to Buddhism. Buddhists' practice of Buddhism has also brought bad influence? Is the meaning of Buddhism in Ming Dynasty wrong? However, some people have raised objections to the wanton construction of temples mentioned above. They think that building a temple is a waste of people's strength and is not conducive to people's livelihood at all. As mentioned above, in addition to the organizations of monks and rich people, the construction of many temples also needs the crowdfunding of ordinary people, and the life of Buddhist temples has to be maintained by ordinary people, which is not conducive to people's livelihood. Not only that, in the Ming Dynasty, most monks in Buddhist temples were of unknown origin. Some people commit crimes, some people evade crimes, some people fail to pay their debts, and some people fight. These people practice without rules, which brings a bad reputation to Buddhist temples. Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, wars have been frequent. In order to avoid heavy taxes, most people hide under temples and become monks, which seriously affects the country's fiscal revenue. During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, the number of such monks reached 1 1386. During Zheng De's period, this figure rose to more than 1 10000. Although it is beneficial to build Buddhist temples, it also consumes a lot of wealth. Ordinary people living in poverty often hand over their limited income to Buddhist temples, otherwise it is difficult to carry out relevant educational activities. It can be said that the increase of Buddhist temples is not only inefficient, but also a great waste of material and financial resources. Buddhist Portrait Buddhism has become a force. Except for most ordinary people, it includes all kinds of people, big and small, just like a small society. On the one hand, during the period of agricultural instability, Buddhism became a place for some farmers to escape, and people succeeded in agriculture by praying for the protection of astronomical phenomena and gods; On the other hand, some farmers who can't afford to pay agricultural taxes are directly extradited to Buddhism as monks. It seems that Buddhism has become a refuge for ordinary people, not a symbol of culture. Looking at the construction of Buddhist Portrait 2 in different periods, the 44 temples built in Ming Dynasty are the most important and also a reflection. People grew up under the influence of universal Confucian culture, and at another time they were born because of the social situation. They have to rely on Buddhism to get rid of the sense of powerlessness in real life, so they expect the culture under Buddhism to create a paradise. This is the focus of many interpretations. Originally, Buddhist culture was expected to revise Confucian culture, but in the long-term reality, Buddhism has become a new escape "space". Influenced by the creation of ordinary people and literati, Buddhism is not a simple religious meaning. At first, it was just a small place that could solve a small number of disputes. Not equal to the real society, but more in line with the essence of "Utopia". Therefore, the existence of Buddhism was also indispensable in the Ming Dynasty.