On paper, what are the historical events reflected in the battle against water?

In 262 BC, King Zhao Xiang of Qin sent a general to attack South Korea in vain and occupied the wild king (now Qinyang, Henan). It cut off the connection between Shangdang County (where Changzhi, Shanxi Province is now ruled) and Handu, and the Shangdang situation was critical. Unwilling to surrender to the state of Qin, the generals of the Korean army who took Shangdang sent messengers with maps to dedicate Shangdang to Zhao.

King Zhao Xiaocheng (son of King Zhao Huiwen) sent troops to take over Shangdang. Two years later, Qin sent Wang Bi to surround Shangdang.

When King Zhao Xiaocheng heard the news, he quickly sent Lian Po and more than 2, troops to save Shangdang. They arrived in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province), and Shangdang had been captured by Qin Jun.

Wang Bi still wants to attack Changping. Lian Po hurriedly held his ground, told the soldiers to build forts, dig trenches, confront Qin Jun from afar, and prepare for long-term resistance.

Wang Bi repeatedly challenged Zhao Jun, but Lian Po said he wouldn't fight them. Wang Bi couldn't think of any way, so he had to send someone back to King Qin Zhaoxiang, saying, "Lian Po is an experienced veteran and doesn't go out to fight easily. Our army has come a long way here, and if it goes on for a long time, we are afraid that food and grass will not be available. What can we do? "

King Qin Zhaoxiang asked Fan Ju for advice. Fan Ju said: "To defeat Zhao, we must first ask Zhao to transfer Lian Po back."

Qin zhaoxiang said, "how can this be done?"

Fan Ju said, "Let me find a way."

A few days later, King Zhao Xiaocheng heard a lot of comments and said, "The State of Qin is afraid of letting Zhao Kuo, who is young and strong, lead the troops; Lian Po is useless, and he is about to surrender! "

Zhao Kuo, as they say, is the son of Zhao She, a famous soldier of Zhao. When Zhao Kuo was a child, he loved to learn the art of war. When he talked about the principle of fighting, he was very clear-headed and thought he was invincible. Even his father was not in his eyes.

the king of Zhao listened to the comments from the left and right, and immediately called Zhao Kuo and asked him if he could beat Qin Jun back. Zhao Kuo said, "If the state of Qin becomes white, I have to consider dealing with it. Now it's Wang Bi, who is just Lian Po's opponent. If it were me, I would beat him. "

The Prince of Zhao was very happy when he heard this, so he worshipped Zhao Kuo as a general to replace Lian Po.

Lin Xiangru said to the prince of Zhao, "Zhao Kuo only knows how to read his father's art books, and he won't improvise. He can't be sent as a general." But the prince of Zhao wouldn't listen to Lin Xiangru's advice.

Zhao Kuo's mother also wrote a letter to the prince of Zhao, asking him not to send his son. The prince of Zhao called her and asked her why. Mother Zhao said, "When his father died, he repeatedly told me,' Zhao Kuo, a child, regards fighting with soldiers as a joke, and when it comes to the art of war, he is arrogant. In the future, it's okay for the king not to need him. If he is used as a general, I'm afraid Zhao Jun will be ruined by him. " So I ask your majesty not to make him a general.

Zhao Wang said, "I've made up my mind, so leave it alone."

in 26 BC, Zhao Kuo led 2, troops to Changping, and asked Lian Po to check the military symbol. Lian Po handed over and went back to Handan.

Zhao Kuo is in command of 4, carts, with a huge momentum. He abolished all the systems stipulated by Lian Po, and issued an order saying, "If the State of Qin challenges again, it must fight back head-on. If the enemy is defeated, they must pursue it, and they will not be finished until they are killed. "

When Fan Ju got the news that Zhao Kuo had replaced Lian Po, knowing that his counter-plot was successful, he secretly appointed Bai Qi as the upper general to command Qin Jun. As soon as Leitian arrived in Changping, he arranged an ambush and deliberately lost several battles. Zhao Kuo didn't know it was a trick, so he chased it hard. Leitian led Zhao to the ambush area in advance, sent 25 thousand chosen men, and cut off Zhao's back road; Another 5, cavalry troops were sent to the camp of Zhao, and 4, Zhao troops were cut into two parts. Zhao Kuo just know Qin Jun's fierce, so we have to build a camp to stick to, waiting for reinforcements. Qin sent troops again to cut off the road of Zhao's rescue and grain transportation.

Zhao Kuo's army, which had no food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside, stayed for more than forty days, and all the soldiers complained bitterly and had no intention of fighting. Zhao Kuo troops want to break out of the encirclement, Qin Jun arrows, Zhao Kuo shot dead. When Zhao heard that the Lord was killed, they also threw their weapons and surrendered. Zhao, four hundred thousand, was wiped out in the hands of the armchair coach Zhao Kuo.

The Battle of Back Water

Citation in ancient Chinese-based on Historical Records. Biographies of Huai Yin Hou

Han Xin pacified Wei and Dai, and then attacked Zhao. At this time, there were less than 1, Korean troops, while Zhao had 2, troops. He knew that he could not win the battle head-on, so he always adopted the strategy of sticking to and waiting.

The night before preparing for the general attack, Han Xin selected 2, light riders to hide under the mountain where the city of Zhao could be seen, holding the red flag, and told them: "If our army pretends to be defeated in the battle tomorrow, the enemy will definitely go out and hunt us down. At this time, please take the opportunity to sneak into the city and pull down the Zhao flag and put on the Han flag." After the arrangement is properly made, the main force will move and deploy against the river. After dawn, Zhao found that the formation of the Han army violated the theory of military strategists, and they all burst into laughter. It is believed that from Sun Tzu onwards, China has said in any book on the art of war that the formation should be based on the back of the mountain and the top of the mountain. The formation laid by Han Xin clearly shows that he doesn't understand the laws of the art of war at all.

After that, Han Xin led a team to attack the city, and Zhao Jun also went out of the city to fight. Seeing that the time was ripe, Han Xin abandoned the flag and retreated immediately, and fled into his own straight array. Zhao Jun pushed on. At this time, Han Xin's army had no retreat because of its back to the river, so it had to kill the enemy desperately, which made Zhao, who had the advantage of manpower, unable to resist. Zhao wanted to go back to the castle, only to find that there were many Chinese flags on the wall, and he was at a loss. As a result, he was attacked by Han Xin before and after and was in flight.

After the war, the Ministry will be puzzled by why Han Xin arranged such an array: "General, it is said in the art of war that the array should be backed by mountains and rivers, but in this battle, we can win a great victory. What is the reason?" Han Xin smiled and replied, "Didn't the art of war also say,' I'll be born after death'? Last stand is the application of this art of war, because our troops are originally a rabble. If we put them in a living place, they will immediately become fragmented, so if we put them to death, they will have to fight to the death. "