Initial consonant, vowel, single vowel, compound vowel, front nasal sound, back nasal sound, who knows to say thank you to me! ! !

Initial: A consonant at the beginning of a Chinese syllable. Mandarin has 2 1 consonants, and different consonants are determined by different pronunciation parts and methods. Pronunciation site refers to the position where the airflow is blocked. Initial consonants can be divided into seven categories according to their pronunciation position: heavy lip sound, lip tooth sound, front sharp sound, middle sharp sound, back sharp sound, tongue surface sound and tongue root sound. According to the classification of pronunciation methods, initials can be divided into five categories: stop sound, fricative sound, stop sound, nasal sound and side sound.

There are 39 vowels: * * *, which can be divided into single vowel, compound vowel and nasal vowel according to the structure; According to the different vowels of initials, the mouth patterns can be divided into four types: mouth-opening, teeth-arranging, mouth-closing and mouth-clamping, which is called "four calls" for short.

They are all single vowels: a. o. e. I. uü

There are 10 monosyllabic words * * in Mandarin, all of which belong to monosyllabic words.

When a sound is pronounced, the mouth is wide open and the tip of the tongue is slightly away from the back of the lower teeth, which is in a moderate position in the mouth. The middle part of the tongue surface is slightly convex, in a lower position, opposite to the back of the hard palate. Lips are not round. When pronouncing, the voice vibrates and the soft palate rises. In this way, the position of the tip of the tongue in the mouth is moderate, and this vowel is called middle vowel; When pronouncing, the tongue is slightly bulging and in the lowest position (lowest tongue position). This vowel is called a low vowel. When pronounced, the lips are not round, and this vowel is called a non-round lip vowel. So a is a vowel with a low lip circle.

When I pronounce, my mouth is slightly open, my lips are flat, my upper and lower teeth are opposite, and my tongue touches the back of my lower teeth, so that the front of my tongue is raised high and the front of my hard palate is opposite. When pronouncing, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate rises. In this way, the tip of the tongue is in the front position in the mouth, and this vowel is called pre-vowel; When pronouncing, the tongue is raised high and in the highest position (the highest tongue position). This vowel is called a high vowel. So I is a vowel with a round front lip.

When O is pronounced, the upper and lower lips are naturally rounded, the back of the tongue is contracted, the back of the tongue is raised, and the tongue position is half high and half low, between A and I. When pronounced, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate is raised. In this way, the root of the tongue contracts, making the tip of the tongue in the back position in the mouth. This vowel is called the postvowel. To sum up, single vowels can be divided into three types according to the position of the tip of the tongue in the mouth: pre-vowel, middle vowel and post-vowel. Like o, the tongue position is half high and half low when pronouncing, between the highest and lowest. This vowel is called middle vowel. Like o, the lips are round when you send it. This vowel is called round-lipped vowel. To sum up, single vowels are divided into round vowels and non-round vowels according to whether the lips are round or not. So o is the vowel of the posterior middle lip.

When e is pronounced, the mouth is half closed, the lips are open, the back of the tongue is contracted, and the back of the tongue is slightly raised relative to the soft palate, slightly higher than O and forward. When pronouncing, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate rises. Like this, the tongue position is slightly higher than the middle vowel (note that it is slightly higher, not between the middle vowel and the high vowel! ), this vowel is called semi-high vowel. E is a semi-high lip vowel.

In the process of hair loss, naturally open your mouth, open your lips, and press the tip of your tongue against the back of your upper teeth, so that the front of your tongue is lifted relative to the hard palate, and the position of your tongue is the same as that of O. When you pronounce it, your vocal cords vibrate and your soft palate rises. Mi is a vowel with a front middle lip. When pronounced alone, there is only one modal particle "Yu", which only appears in disyllabic ie, ü e.

When making a U-shape, the lips contract into a circle, protruding slightly forward, the tongue retracts, and the back of the tongue is raised high, opposite to the soft palate. When pronouncing, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate rises. U is a vowel with a high back and round lips.

When pronouncing, the lips are slightly round and protrude forward, and the tip of the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth, so that the tip of the tongue is raised high and opposite to the front of the hard palate. When you pronounce, your vocal cords vibrate and your soft palate rises. ü is the vowel of the front high round lip.

When doing er, the mouth opens naturally, and the tongue is in the most natural state. Then the front and middle parts of the tongue are lifted up, and the tip of the tongue is rolled back, opposite to the front end of the hard palate. When pronouncing, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate rises. Er is a vowel.

When the hairline is -i (front), the mouth is slightly open, the lips are open, and the tip of the tongue is opposite to the back of the upper teeth, keeping a proper distance. When pronouncing, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate rises. -i (front) is a vowel with a non-circular lip in front of the tip of the tongue. The vowel -i (pre) only appears after the three initials Z, C and S in Mandarin.

In the hair -i (back), the mouth is slightly open, the lips are open, and the front end of the tongue is raised, facing the front hard palate. When pronouncing, the vocal cords vibrate and the soft palate rises. -i (back) is a vowel with a round lip behind the tip of the tongue. The vowel -i (after) only appears after the four initials zh, ch, sh and R in Mandarin.