Is it easy for intermediate accountants to take the exam?

Whether you pass the exam depends on your learning ability.

Generally speaking, intermediate topics are not difficult, but practicality is emphasized. Exams pay less and less attention to pure theory and more and more attention to practical things. A seemingly simple topic is an error-prone topic.

First of all, talk about intermediate accounting practice.

The book is not thick, with more than 300 pages, which is about half of that of a certified public accountant. CPA accounting has 586 pages and 26 chapters, with an average of less than 25 pages in each chapter. There are even fewer chapters in intermediate textbooks, with an average of 15 pages per chapter. Pay attention to intermediate accounting practice, the examples in the book are definitely useless, the exam is too high, and the examples in the book are too simple. In particular, the book "Intermediate Accounting Practice", the long-term equity investment problem, is just 20 pages, which is not enough to learn, especially the conversion between cost method and equity method, which is a difficult point (I don't need the word key here). The examples in the book simply don't work. If there are conditions here, you'd better sign up for a detailed course of online school instead of using MP3 courseware. That is irresponsible to yourself, because you can't see how the teacher lists and walks.

In the first chapter, half of the general discussion is about financial accounting, functions, values and other things. Note that the topic of intermediate accounting is to test concepts, not definitions, not texts, but your judgment. For example, I can give you a case and then let you explain the essence of accounting. Pay special attention to "timeliness". This year, certified public accountants wrote such a question, which is the original text of accounting standards. I was dizzy at that time, and I couldn't find it in the book.

Next, it should be financial assets. The knowledge involved in financial assets here requires knowledge of the time value of funds in financial management. Pay attention to interpolation. Let's not talk about intermediate accounting practices, but suppose you can calculate interest rates.

note:

1. Trading financial assets (financial assets directly designated for fair value measurement), available-for-sale financial assets, accounts receivable and loans, and held-to-maturity investments. Because the order is in the order of definition, initial measurement, subsequent measurement, disposal or impairment. Pay attention to whether the cost of initial measurement is included in the cost or investment income, and whether the subsequent measurement is included in the gains and losses from changes in fair value or the investment income from capital reserve and disposal. Pay attention to this point, which is sometimes not seen separately, but may be seen together with the financial statements. Pay special attention to ask you to calculate the investment income, not only depending on the selling price and recording cost, but also depending on the number of years.

For example, in February 2007, when trading financial assets 1 10,000 shares were bought, the price paid including handling fees was 8.6 million, including 40,000 handling fees, and each share included declared but undistributed dividend of 0. 16 yuan. In February 2007, 9.6 million shares were sold at 654.38+06 yuan. What is the investment income included in the income statement?

The first thing most people must do is to first calculate the cost as 860-4-0.16 *100 = 840, and then use 960-844 = 1.2 million yuan.

Note that it was bought in February 2007 and sold in February 65438+February 2007, so 40,000 yuan is also regarded as investment income. The correct way is 120-4= 1 16.

Then pay attention to the conversion between them, and note that only held-to-maturity investments and available-for-sale financial assets can be converted into subsequent measurement under certain conditions. Nothing else is allowed. This question was passed in the examination of 20 10.

Finally, pay attention to impairment. Amortized cost is a troublesome place.

2. As for the places involved in amortized cost in the book, I suggest that we study them together after getting familiar with them, and calculate the interest rate and financial expenses or costs. Income will be involved, because intermediate accounting practice does not rent this chapter.

Fixed assets, intangible assets and investment real estate are studied together.

This is because the initial measurement is similar, the subsequent measurement of investment real estate is special, and both fixed assets and intangible assets involve depreciation or amortization. Similar to disposal, investment real estate is somewhat special. The cost of investment real estate also involves this point. It can be said that investment real estate can be regarded as investment+real estate, with cost method and equity method. If you use the equity method, you will be regarded as an investment, and there will be changes in fair value. If it's the cost method, you should treat it as a fixed asset, so you should naturally depreciate it, and pay attention to the conversion problem. There is no difficulty. But solving the problem will take a detour, especially the reconstruction and expansion of fixed assets, as well as the problem of self-built fixed assets. There are no major details here.

Inventory, income, contingencies and events after the balance sheet date should be studied together.

Of course, inventory or income can be studied separately. Pay attention to a problem of inventory impairment, which will involve sales contracts, income will also involve sales, and sales will involve future issues, such as the adjustment of profits and losses in previous years. There will be the same place. The question may come out like this. No matter whether the sales contract is estimated liabilities or inventory depreciation reserve, remember to pay attention to the connection, not to understand it separately.

Non-monetary assets exchange and debt restructuring should be studied together. You can think of debt restructuring as a special exchange of assets. Similarly, it may generate non-operating income, or it may be measured at fair value or book value. In the exchange of non-monetary assets, special attention should be paid to whether the calculation of entry cost involves premium, which is such a step to judge whether it is commercial or non-commercial, and then whether it involves profit or loss. Another advantage here is that both entries are involved, so let's enhance our understanding of him.

Asset impairment, the difficulty here is the impairment of asset group and goodwill. The big problem of 20 10 is asset impairment. A seemingly simple question stumped a group of people, but in fact we thought it was complicated. Pay attention to the judgment and distribution of asset group impairment, and pay attention to the impairment of headquarters assets. The advantage here is that the examples in the book are more detailed and pay special attention to the steps. Starting from judging the asset group-impairment-distribution-impairment. Be sure to pay attention

Next is the most difficult long-term equity investment, the problem of consolidated statements.

I don't want to talk about long-term equity investment. My personal experience is to pay attention to the steps and practice more.

Some people may confuse the issue of cost and initial entry. Attention is not a concept.

That's an order,

First, judge whether the same enterprise is merged. The same enterprise is based on the owner's equity share, and different enterprises are based on fair value payment.

If not controlled by the same enterprise, pay attention to the cost method or the equity method, which is related to the accounting algorithm of long-term equity investment. The cost method is correct at the time of actual payment, and goodwill is not recognized. Under the equity method, goodwill should be recognized.

The difficulty is the conversion between cost method and equity method, and it is also related to whether the front is goodwill. This is a period.

The problem of consolidated statements is not difficult. I don't think there will be an exam, because there are too many pages and not so many papers. Of course, it's hard.

Income tax accounting: One thing to note here is the reporting of deferred income tax assets and liabilities.

Note: at the end of each chapter, the problem of filling in sentences is involved. Pay attention. I haven't made many choices before. I don't know if the proposer will be biased towards practice, so I will fill in a column. I mean, the notes need to be explained. To sum it up.

Other chapters are easy chapters, such as accounting in public institutions, and there is nothing to say.

Intermediate financial management:

Intermediate financial management unfortunately deleted the basic chapter of time value of funds.

However, the compilation of this book is quite exquisite. Write from financing, operation, investment, distribution and other aspects. I forgot the details. Let me talk about how to grasp it.

Let's start with the budget for raising funds. I remember there was a budget in the book.

The budget table must be the most basic thing to remember, so it can't be wrong.

Especially the cash and non-cash issues, the calculation of cash and non-cash, the exam may be given to you separately, and the book will give you two sections, while the exam is generally three sections. For example, this book pays 50% this month and 50% next month. The examination may account for 70% in the current period, 20% in the next period and 10% in the next period. The process is troublesome and may be required to go backwards. How much did you collect in the third period? How much did you sell in the last issue? Note that the third period received includes the first and second sales, but it may be such an assessment method if it is received in the third period.

Then pay attention to the sales budget, similar to financial statements, what is its basis, and then the role of preparation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of rolling budget and zero-based budget? Any question with pros and cons in the book may be a choice.

For example, the way to raise funds, stocks, bonds, leasing, etc. The pros and cons must be grasped, which is often the favorite of multiple-choice questions. I tell you, the score of financial calculation is at least 70%, and the rest is literal, and most of the literal words are the original text in the book, which can't be wrong.

When it comes to raising funds, we must pay attention to the cost, which is basic. When reciting formulas, be careful not to recite them. For example, when we issue bonds and ask you how much, you ask others how much interest you borrow. Interest paid every year/money actually received, if the money actually received includes the handling fee, then the handling fee will be deducted, and then the interest paid every year will be tax-free, so the numerator pays interest.

Then what is the channel to raise funds, it will involve the difference between raising funds. This formula must be remembered, and it will be in the book, so it is not difficult to understand. If you don't understand, ask me.

After raising funds, we will certainly plan to invest. Investment must be planned. How to invest?

Of course, when considering investment, you have to consider income and return. Although I don't remember the order of the chapters in the book, I understand it this way.

Here we should pay attention to the calculation of this chapter, that is, time, rate of return, time is divided into construction period and non-construction period, time also includes dynamic and static, and the time value and time value of test rate are not considered, so I deleted the chapter on time value of funds from my story, which is not easy for outsiders to understand. The rate of return will naturally involve the connotation of the rate of return, and it will also involve the time of funds. Just like doing business with you, it must be the same truth as going out early and returning late, getting rich early, dying early and being reborn early. Of course, the higher the rate of return, the better (intermediate does not mean risk)

So the specific investment direction, decoration? Or buy it again? One thing to note here is to pay attention to the opportunity cost and consider the inflow or outflow of cash. If you judge correctly here, the exam will not be a problem. Watch the cash flow. If it is actual payment or actual income, you really should pay attention to this. The calculation process is not difficult. Of course, the time value and rate of return of funds must be considered in the calculation process. Regardless of the rate of return, the cost rate must be considered, right?

Well, in operation, this part is relatively simple, one is inventory and the other is cash management. The algorithm of inventory turnover rate and accounts receivable turnover rate, optimal inventory holdings and optimal cash holdings are basically the same, but the factors to be considered are different. It must be noted that although the offensive is similar, the statement is different. Speaking of the formula here, I want to add one more thing. Many formulas of financial management are actually the embodiment of our high school mathematical formulas in financial management. Are you studying high school mathematics, such as optimal inventory and cash holdings? What is the minimum sum or maximum of these two numbers? The formula is exactly the same. There is no need to learn by rote.

I can say that tax planning to increase financial management is closer to reality. Pay attention here, if it's not difficult, I won't say much.

Finally, economic law:

Compared with the other two disciplines, economic law is still the focus. I didn't read a page of the book, and I got 75 points with an impression.

I think there are company law, securities law, (I don't know if there is any property law and bankruptcy law, CPA does, but I forget whether there is any) and contract law.