What are the reform contents of Zhao Wuling and Wang Hufu's riding and shooting?

In the seventeenth year of Wei Xiangwang (32 BC), Handan ordered the officials and doctors to move slaves to Jiuyuan, and ordered the generals and doctors to keep their officials in mink clothes. ?

The reform of King Wuling of Zhao in the State of Zhao was completely kicked off with the promulgation of the Hufu Order. As mentioned in the above quotation, at the request of King Wuling of Zhao, all subjects of Zhao, including King Wuling of Zhao and his sons, wore Hufu.

and for king Wuling of Zhao? Hu fu rides and shoots? Many people also have a misunderstanding, that is, they think that it is simply to learn how to dress in conference semifinals and then practice riding horses, but that's not the case. Hu fu rides and shoots? Behind the simple four words, there are many reforms.

let's talk about Hu fu first.

the first is the change of hats.

Huai Nanzi? It is recorded in the Master's Skill Training: King Wuling of Zhao took the chicken to court, and Zhao turned it to China. This sentence means that King Wuling of Zhao wore a shell belt and a crown, and the whole people of Zhao were assimilated by him. To put it more clearly, King Wuling of Zhao learned to decorate the crown with pheasant feathers from Hu people, and was later imitated by Zhao people.

In addition, King Wuling of Zhao followed the example of the Hu people and hung two mink tails in front of the crown to show his respect. According to Yu Fu Xia, Hu Guang said: Zhao Wuling, Wang Xiao Hu Fu, decorated the head with gold and inserted the mink tail in front, which is your position. This hat feature is still very popular among nomadic people later.

the second is the change of shoes.

king Zhao Wuling? Hu fu? Before, people in the Central Plains generally wore shoes? Footwear? This kind of shoes is very practical for walking on the flat ground, but it is not suitable for riding a horse to fight, so King Wuling imitated the boots of the Hu people and promoted them in Zhao.

As recorded in "Learning Zhai Zhan Bi", in ancient times, there were shoes but no boots, so the word "boots" was not seen in classics. It was not until King Wuling made Hu clothes that shoes became boots. At first, the boots promoted by King Wuling of Zhao were short boots, and then they gradually developed into long boots, but now boots seem to be the patent of ladies. I don't know that boots were first promoted in the Central Plains just for the convenience of riding horses and fighting.

finally, the change of the soldiers' clothes.

Before King Wuling of Zhao popularized Hu Fu, the soldiers were all armed to the teeth, and the armor they wore outside was basically heavy armor made of copper or iron, which had an advantage in the duel of infantry, but they moved slowly when facing the cavalry of the Hu people? Live targets? And it's very inconvenient to ride a horse in that heavy weight.

in addition, even if you can ride a horse, it is very difficult for the horse to run fast, not to mention crossing the dangerous terrain and fighting hand-to-hand with the Hu people. It is estimated that the horse has been exhausted before catching up with the Hu people, just like "Warring States Policy?" Zhao Ce records that King Wuling of Zhao said, "Today's heavy armor should be followed by soldiers, so King Wuling changed the soldiers' heavy armor to light armor, and he followed the example of the Hu people and put on pants with his legs separated."

For soldiers, King Wuling of Zhao promoted Hu clothes nationwide to meet the needs of riding horses and fighting. For royal ministers, it was to get rid of old ideas so that soldiers at the bottom could better accept this reform. After all, Central Plains people who thought they were at the top of civilization learned how to dress from backward Hu people. This is obviously a kind of? Eccentric? Fortunately, however, King Wuling of Zhao did it.

let's talk about riding and shooting again.

first, recruit riding and shooting.

As we mentioned above, Niu Zan said when exhorting King Wuling? State-owned solid membership, soldiers have regular experience? In fact, this also shows King Wu Ling? Riding and shooting? Before Zhao's military system, that is, the people had to perform military service when they reached the age according to the fixed military status, and the army was organized according to the region. This was also the recruitment method for the Central Plains to recruit chariot soldiers and infantry at that time.

But cavalry is not a chariot soldier or an infantry. Cavalry should not only pay attention to equestrian skills, but also pay attention to immediate fighting skills. As a result, it is obviously difficult to form a decent cavalry in the original military system, so King Wu Ling put forward the idea. Break the solid record? Recruit people who can ride horses and shoot arrows to form cavalry regardless of region.

Secondly, Hu Bing was incorporated.

Historical Records? Zhao Shijia records: Zhao Gu, the prime minister, took charge of Hu and made his soldiers. My father (that is, King Wuling of Zhao) went to a new land, so he came out of the generation. When he met Wang Loufan in Xihe in the west, he sent his soldiers. Yan Shigu noted: Zhi, that is to say, Zhao Gu once recruited Hu Bing in the generation, and Wang Wuling of Zhao also recruited some soldiers from Loufan.

King Wuling of Zhao absorbed Hu Bing into the army, and his military intention was also quite obvious, that is, he wanted to control Hu with Hu, expand his cavalry team, and at the same time improve the actual combat level of the cavalry.

finally, equip the huma.

In the era of cold weapons, cavalry had a high demand for war horses, and good running and endurance were the most basic. But at that time, horses in the Central Plains were more like donkeys, which was completely different from those raised by Hu people.

Later, King Wuling of Zhao took Daidi and Yuanyang, which are close to the Hu people, as the bases for training cavalry, because they were closer to the Hu people, and it was easier to get Hu horses. Of course, Hu horses were also an important part of Zhao's cavalry. Later, Daima became the title of a good horse produced in the north, just like Cao Zhi's poem, saying, "Look back on the other side and learn from the wind, use Wei capital, and be willing to take the place of horses."

in addition, according to the warring States policy? From the dialogue between King Wuling of Zhao and Niu Zan recorded in Zhao Ce, we can also know that King Wuling of Zhao also adapted the infantry into cavalry and conducted intensive training. Later, Niu Zan did not pay the entrustment of King Wuling and became a cavalry general who could take charge of his own life. As for the achievements made by Niu Zan, we will also mention later, and we will not discuss them here for the time being.