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Who can tell us why the Soviet Union hit Afghanistan in the first place?

The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The Soviet Union not only invaded India and zhina in Southeast Asia, but also regarded India and Afghanistan as the two pillars of its South Asia southward strategy and Asia-Pacific strategy. The Soviet Union signed the India-Soviet Treaty of Peace and Friendship with India in August 197 1, and then supported the Indian army to launch an all-out attack on Dongba in October1,forcing the Pakistani army in Dongba to surrender. 1972 The People's Republic of Bangladesh was formally established in June. After winning this victory, the Soviet Union turned its finger at Afghanistan.

Afghanistan is an inland mountainous country, and tribes play an important role in national life. At the same time, 98% people believe in Islam. Afghanistan is at a strategic juncture, and the19th century is a place contested by Britain and Russia. Albania has long pursued a policy of neutrality and non-alignment. 1973 17 In July, former Prime Minister daud contacted a group of officers influenced by the Soviet Union to launch a coup to overthrow the Zahir dynasty and establish the Afghan Republic. However, after daud took office, he did not want to be completely at the mercy of the Soviet Union, and publicly declared that the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union was crucial. 1On April 27th, 978, the pro-Soviet Afghan People's Democratic Party staged a coup and killed daud. The so-called "April Revolution" was declared a success.

After the establishment of the new regime, a large number of Soviet military and political personnel controlled Afghan government institutions, enterprises and the army in the name of "consultants". In June 5438+February of the same year, the two countries signed the Treaty of Friendship, Good Neighborliness and Cooperation for 20 years, which stipulated that the two sides should strengthen "cooperation in the military field" and advocated "establishing an effective Asian security system". The internal affairs measures of the Afghan authorities are basically carried out under the guidance and help of the Soviet Union, with the Soviet model as the development direction. This practice is basically an attempt to turn Afghanistan into a "satellite country" of the Soviet Union, which cannot but arouse the angry resistance of the Afghan people.

1In June 1978, an anti-government armed uprising broke out on the eastern border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In the winter of the same year, armed resistance activities appeared in most of the 28 provinces in China. 1In March, 979, a large-scale uprising broke out in Herat, one of the three major cities in Afghanistan, further promoting the vigorous development of the domestic anti-government armed struggle. In this case, the Soviet authorities decided to send troops directly to intervene in order to maintain control of this country that has been operating for many years.

1On the evening of February 27th, 979, after careful planning, the Soviet Union suddenly attacked and airlifted a large number of troops, completely taking control of the capital Kabul. Subsequently, the Soviet troops, who had already been deployed on the Soviet-Afghan border, marched in and occupied the main cities and traffic trunk lines in Afghanistan. At this time, the number of Soviet troops in Afghanistan has reached 85,000. Under the protection of the Soviet Union, Karmal, the leader of the "flag faction" of the People's Democratic Party, returned to Kabul from abroad and became the general secretary of the People's Democratic Party and the chairman and prime minister of the Revolutionary Committee.

The Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan was the first time to send troops directly to occupy a sovereign country in the third world in the decades after the war, which marked the culmination of the Soviet Union's foreign expansion in the 1970s.

However, contrary to the Soviet Union's subjective assumption, as the United States did in Vietnam, the Soviet Union fell into a quagmire. Although the number of Soviet troops with modern equipment has increased to 1985 to 15000, there is no prospect of winning. The Afghan people are not afraid of rape. They stand up and resist. There are hundreds of various resistance organizations, large and small. 1980, seven major resistance organizations established the United front of "Islamic Union of Afghan Mujahideen", and they fought side by side on the battlefield. Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan for more than eight years, with 35,000 casualties and a cost of 40 billion US dollars. They bear a heavy burden and are in a state of panic. At the same time, international public opinion strongly condemned the Soviet aggression. 10 In October, the emergency special session of the United Nations adopted an agreement calling for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. In the case of internal troubles and foreign invasion, the Soviet Union finally made a "political decision" to withdraw its troops after repeatedly weighing the pros and cons. 1988 in may, the Soviet union began to withdraw its troops under the auspices of the Geneva agreement reached by the United nations, Pakistan, Kabul regime, the Soviet union and the United States. 1989 February 15, Romof, commander-in-chief of Soviet troops stationed in Afghanistan, was the last one to cross the Su-A border river. The Soviet Union ended the war in Afghanistan for more than nine years. This is a major victory for the Afghan people with the support of international anti-hegemonic justice forces.

(Selected from Wu Yuxi and other editors: World History and Modern History, Higher Education Press, 1994 edition. )