Tell me about your understanding of Shi Shuo Xin Yu Regret the Past.

"People are born of women, with short days and many troubles. Come out like a flower and be cut off; Fly away like a shadow and can't stay. " "The water in the sea dried up, and the rivers dissipated and dried up. So do people. They can't lie up. When the sky is gone, they will not wake up or wake up from their sleep. " (Chapter 14 of Job in the Old Testament) Death is the inevitable destination of mankind. Medieval scholars' concern about death is mainly manifested in the seventeenth door of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Regret for the Past. "Mourning" means feeling sad for the deceased and mourning for the deceased. Regret for the Past has special value in the history of medieval culture, that is, it shows the life consciousness of medieval literati from one side-cherishing life and mourning for death.

(A) the historical background of the "mourning" complex

In the Middle Ages, there were many wars and disasters. The upper rulers are in conflict with each other, and the struggle is cruel, and the lives of the people are at stake. In this turbulent and eventful autumn, many famous literati are often poisoned by political relations. "Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin" said: "During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many celebrities in the world." In fact, the tragic fate of life is not limited to Wei and Jin Dynasties! According to my observation, medieval scholars usually died in two ways, one was natural death, the other was homicide, and few people died of suicide. In this stormy and triumphant era, many generous, tragic and talented people have become the victims of intrigue in the upper class, and people generally have a feeling of being filled with emotion, impermanent in life, less happy and more sad, which is the typical tone of life philosophy in Wei and Jin Dynasties. According to the index of Shi Shuo Xin Yu compiled by Japanese scholar Gao Qiao Qing, we can find that in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, the word "cry" appears 27 times, the word "cry" appears 18 times, the word "sorrow" appears 24 times, the word "death" appears 4 times1time and the word "death" appears 34 times. According to Mr. Ran Zhaode's statistics, 34 writers were beheaded in Selected Works, accounting for a quarter of all their writers (130) (Tragedy Writers). These situations are enough to show that in the Middle Ages, there were too many tragedies in life and death was too common. Ge Hong said: "Eternal wealth can be acquired gradually, but it cannot be combined. In the meantime, breadcrumbs have worked hard enough. Honor and snobbery, such as seeing a guest off, are not only unusual, but also necessary to stay. Rumbling will die, brilliant will die, and if there are spring flowers, they will wither in an instant. If you don't like it, you will lose peace. Regret, fear and trembling are not enough, and words cannot be won. " (Preface to Bao Pu Zi) Ge Zhichuan tells the general mentality of the literati in the Middle Ages.

In the life history of China people, the Middle Ages is indeed a page where sadness and beauty complement each other.

(B) "Sadness" complex case analysis

Shi Shuo Xin Yu Regret for the Past faithfully recorded the mourning words of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, with a total of 19 articles. These essays are exquisite in brushwork, sad in writing and passionate in love, and have strong artistic appeal, which is not inferior to Pan Yue's mourning poems and Yuan Zhen's mourning poems. They * * * together formed a requiem that frightened the wind and cried ghosts, such as resentment and thirst, which made people sad to read. Let's look at this passage: Wang Junchong is an official, wearing official clothes and riding a chariot, passing by Huang Gong's wine cellar. Gu Dao said, "I used to drink here with Uncle Ji and Ruan Sizong." . The trip to the bamboo forest also heralds its end. Since his death, Ruan Gong's death, he has been obsessed with the times. Today, although it is close, it is like a mountain and river. "(door 2)

"Near" is the actual distance; Miao is a subjective feeling. However, it is said that "near" is because of the wine. But his old friend has passed away and can't see him again, so he is called "Miao". "Gold" and "Miao" complement each other, set each other off as an interest, and the complex of contradictions has reached an organic unity here. A few eight words, I really don't know how much affection and kindness it contains, and its "tenderness and beauty, sadness and distance." Thrilling, it can be said that it is almost a word! "(On Poetry, Notes on Poetry, p. 17). Door 5: Someone cried and said, "I am a freshman in thousands of feet. "

The heroic spirit of the deceased and the detachment of Fengshen are admirable. This door 9:

When he died, he was buried in Yangzhou. As the saying goes, "Burying a symmetrical tree in the ground can make human feelings disappear!"

You can see clearly the beauty of the inner quality and noble character of the deceased. One door after another:

After Zhi Daolin's funeral, his spirit collapsed and his flavor declined. It is often said that "in the past, artisans wasted a lot of money on others, and their teeth were born in Zhong Ziqi, so it is good to push others for help. The ghost deed is gone, the words are not rewarded, the center is tied, and the rest are dead! " But a year later, I died.

According to the Biography of Zhi Dun quoted by Liu Xiao in this article, Fa Qian is a classmate of Zhi Daolin, and he is "handsome, reasonable and shy". Zhi Daolin expressed his deep attachment and nostalgia for his bosom friend through the story with the craftsman stone in Zhuangzi Wu Xu Gauge and the story with him in Volume 9 of Han Shi Zhuan. This door 18:

When yangfu died at the age of thirty-one, Huan Xuan and Yang Xin wrote: "May you sigh for your kindness and your sudden illness. What can you say! "

In this article, Liu Xiao quoted the biography of the ram and said, "When Yan Yuan died, Confucius said,' Alas, the sky is gone!'" "When Luz died, Confucius said,' Alas, God bless you!' He also quoted He Xiu as saying, "I will break it if I wish; The sky will die. " Through this allusion, Huan Xuan also deeply expressed his deep affection and sorrow for his dead friend.

In fact, in turbulent times, it is not unbearable for people to die or be killed. As far as death is concerned, the most important thing is to observe the normal order of death. Frankly speaking, it's ancestors, fathers, fathers and sons. However, in the Middle Ages, there was a lot of life in reverse order, which was really unbearable. Gu Yong's mourning for Gu Shao ("Elegance" I), Wang Rong's weeping for a thousand sons ("Regret for the Past" IV) and Yu Liang's mourning for his son's death (ibid., VIII) are enough to make people cry. "The world is called virtue" Erjiu:

Wang Changyu is obedient and filial. The prime minister is good at it, but he gets angry when he sees it. The language of Chang Yu and Prime Minister always ends with caution. When the Prime Minister travels back to Taiwan Province, he will be sent to the back of the car. Constant and Mrs Cao and when the box. After Chang Yu's death, the Prime Minister returned to Taiwan Province, boarded the bus and cried at the door of Taiwan Province. Mrs Cao was too embarrassed to open it.

In this article, Liu Xiao quoted the book Zhongxing: "Wang Yue is a long character, and the prime minister guides the eldest son. Shi Zhi Zhongshu Assistant Minister. " Another example is a sentence or two in "Regret for the Past":

The guests were mourned, and the left and right Bai Gong said, "Lang was mourned." He was not sad when he heard it, but left and right: "The funeral can be said." Going to the funeral, I'm scared.

The son died in front of his father, so-called white-haired people send black-haired people. How sad this reversal of life order has brought to the living!

Life is precious, everyone only has one time, so it needs to be cherished. Regret for the Past clearly reflects the process from cherishing oneself to caring for others' lives. This door 15:

Wang Dongting and Xie bus are for private use. When the East King heard of Xie's funeral, he left the capital to pay homage to his son and said that he wanted to cry and thank the public. Amethyst began to lie down. When she heard his words, she was startled and said, "I hope to be protected by law." So the king went to cry. Diao, the governor, refused to listen to the appointment and said, "I have never seen this guest in my life." The king didn't talk to me. He went straight ahead and cried. He was so upset that he left without holding the hand of the last maid.

Wang Xun did not rejoice at the death of the enemy, but deeply regretted it. People who have never made good friends all their lives have become the object of mourning, which is really worth pondering. Obviously, the emotional expression of Jin people has surpassed the utilitarian garden, because their cherish of life is a universal feeling. As long as people, as long as life unfortunately happens to them, it will immediately arouse their sympathy and concern for life itself, without paying attention to the relationship between the subject of life and themselves. Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin:

Female soldiers are brilliant and unmarried until they die. I don't know my father and brother, but I have been crying and paying tribute to them.

This is beauty! This is the beauty of human feelings and humanity! The Bible says, "It is better to go to a bereaved family than to a family where people often enjoy themselves", and "the heart of the wise is in a bereaved family" (Ecclesiastes, Chapter 7 of the Old Testament). This is a great intention of caring for human beings, a lofty feeling of loving all things, and all the languages created by human beings in the past historical process are not enough to convey its beauty. And human love is endless, and her husband's world is endless, all here!

(C) "Mourning for the Past" complex and the deep affection of literati

Mr. Li Zehou said: "The expression of' love' in the Wei and Jin Dynasties often reached the height of philosophy because it was always intertwined with the intention, questioning and doubt about the existence of life-life and death. This is also the reason why Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy and their thinking wisdom with "nothingness" as the noumenon can be infiltrated and transformed into passionate feelings, keen feelings and tenacious persistence for life. As a result, all feelings have the brilliance of wisdom, and the limited sentimentality of life is always full of infinite significance of the universe. Expanding and filling it, not only for death, but also for people, scenery and nature, can also arouse such emotions, feelings and sentiments and become very beautiful. " In the eyes of literati, life is painful, but the natural scenery created by the creator is beautiful. When it is closely related to a certain life experience, it is more poetic and fascinating. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yan" 32: Wei Xima wanted to cross the river at first, and the form was tragic. The word left and right clouds: "Seeing this mountain, I don't feel that many ends intersect. If you are affectionate, who can send this! "

Is this because the river and the sea are boundless, and you think that life is too short? Or did you think of a sinister life because of the turbulent river? Or is it because of that ever-flowing river that you think of that dilapidated old country? Maybe both. After reading this passage, we can easily think of a sentence by Chen Ziang on the Youzhou Tower: "Before me, where was the past era?"? Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, and my tears fall. " And a passage from The Analects of Confucius by Zi Han: "Zi said on the Chuanjiang River,' The deceased is like a husband! Don't give up day and night "Confucius, Wei Jie and Chen Ziang lived in three very different times, but they showed very similar feelings. They show deep feelings and persistent thinking about time and space, life and the universe. Confucius focuses on wonder, Wei Jie tends to be sentimental, and Chen Ziang also has a strong sentimental color, but his feelings are deeper, more subtle, more philosophical and enlightening, reflecting a stronger sense of time and space? 0? Climbing the sun, moon and stars, overlooking the mountains and rivers, seems to have the power to embrace the universe and break everything. For more than a thousand years, scholars have been chasing each other and singing endlessly, which is why. Xelloss wrote in Liu Fu:

Five years after Jian 'an, he fought Yuan Shao in Guandu and began to plant Liu Si. It has been five years since then. The left and right servants have died, and they feel sorry for their feelings. They pretend to be poetic: the territory of Iraq and China is magnificent. The piety of the soul is related to nature. Four spirits carry the luck, and go to the winter festival for spring. There was no movement among the flowers. It was the first time to play. Shengde moved south, and the stars and birds divided. Breeding should be timely and green leaves should be pure. Fixed stem pressed, pointed with rainbow, stretched with soft strip. The upper part is sparse and scattered, and the lower part is staggered and long. Twenty-seven years left, planting willows in the atrium. At first, it was several inches high, but now it is 90% arched. The sun and the moon have passed away, and suddenly they are disturbed by the sign. Yesterday, I traveled here, but now I suddenly took shape. Feel nostalgic for the relics and disappointed with the injury. ..... (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Volume 4)

Facing the old willow planted by Huan Zi, Huan Wen also expressed her similar feelings. The fifth five-year plan speech of Shi Shuo Xin Yu;

Huan Gong's Northern Expedition passed by Jincheng. When he saw that it was evil, he planted willows, all of which were about ten. He said generously, "With all this wood, how can people be inferior!" Climbing branches and hugging sticks, tears streaming down her face.

Things are like clouds, years are like water, and trees are still aging. How can people stand the sun and the moon? A soldier has such a profound insight into life! (For the explanation of the above two stories in Shi Shuo, please refer to Zong Baihua's On the Beauty of Golden People.)

In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, some characters often express their feelings directly, express their views on a certain problem in life and express their arms. Their feelings are sincere and intriguing. For example, Xie An once said to Wang Xizhi:

Middle-aged people are sad and happy, and they have to say goodbye to their relatives and friends for several days.

Wang Xizhi replied:

I was in Sang Yu in 2000, so naturally, because of Alice's writing, I was afraid that my children would lose their joy. ("Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yan" 62)

"Loss of sensation" means reduction, which is a common language in the Six Dynasties (Mr. Xu Zhen separated the two words in his Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu, punctuated them into two sentences, or even made mistakes, see Xu Shu, page 68). In childhood, people babbled and were innocent. When they were young, they often looked at the world too beautifully, and their ideal expectations were more than their actual efforts. Only in middle age can people have a deeper understanding of the joys and sorrows of life and truly appreciate the value of life.