Composition "Celebrities in My Hometown"

On June 2, 2009, my friends and I visited the former residence of Zhou Yuhuang.

When it comes to Zhou Yuhuang in Guizhou, almost everyone does not know it, because this is a historical figure who once made Guizhou people "long-faced", was famous in Beijing at that time, and is now known as the "Poetry of Central Guizhou" .

A story about Zhou Yuhuang is still circulating in various places:

Zhou Yuhuang loved reading. Back then, he walked into a big bookstore in Beijing and after browsing, he said to himself with regret: " It's a pity that they have all been read." The bookstore owner was very disdainful when he heard this: "Sir, since you have read them all, can you tell the main idea of ????the book if I choose it? The boss was even more contemptuous and said: "Don't be sure yet. I'll give you one night to recall whether you have read them all. We will check again tomorrow. If you can really do this, I would rather put all the books in the bookstore All for you." Zhou Yuhuang also nodded and promised to come back the next day.

Zhou Yuhuang thought about it that night and felt that there was only one Shixian book (i.e. almanac) in the store that he had not read. On the surface, the bookstore owner was dissatisfied with this arrogant Guizhou boy, but on the inside, he didn't dare to look down on him. He thought that if he really lost the bet, he would lose all his life's property. Therefore, if he wanted to win, he must win by surprise. It was no coincidence. He was sleeping in bed and thinking about it, and he even thought of using the Book of Time to test Zhou Yuhuang, because this kind of book was used by Mr. Yin and Yang to check the auspicious days of the zodiac, and no one would ever read it. He believed that no matter how much reading Zhou Yuhuang did, he would not Maybe reading this kind of meaningless book makes him overjoyed with his "creativity" and just waits for Zhou Yuhuang to be embarrassed to the end. He can also kill two birds with one stone: he not only saves the bookstore, but also teaches Zhou Yuhuang a lesson.

Zhou Yuhuang came to the bookstore as scheduled the next day. The boss said "well-meaningly": "Forget it, it's better not to gamble. I can't bear to let you lose." Zhou Yuhuang said: "I am willing to gamble." Admit defeat!" This further aroused the boss's "gambling spirit". He casually took out a book on the constitution from the bookshelf and placed it in front of Zhou Yuhuang and said: "Here is a simple one. Just talk about this one. The main idea of ??the book!" Unexpectedly, Zhou Yuhuang actually said: "It's too simple to just talk about the main idea. I'll recite it to you." Then he memorized the Shixian book in a leisurely manner, not counting the front part. Reciting it backwards again made the boss sweat all over - it turned out that he had memorized this book backwards last night.

The bookstore owner made it clear that he felt quite embarrassed but did not back down at all. He was also a boss who dared to speak out and take action. He said that the books in the entire bookstore belonged to Zhou Yuhuang and could be shipped away immediately. And Zhou Yuhuang said: "Forget it, these books are all in my stomach, there is no point in taking them. I only have one request, don't underestimate Guizhou people in the future." From then on, this story spread like wildfire, And it has been passed down to this day. We have to say that this story is an exaggeration, but it at least reflects Zhou Yuhuang's erudition from one aspect.

Here is an introduction to the real Zhou Yuhuang:

Zhou Yuhuang (1665-1714), a famous scholar and poet in the early Qing Dynasty. The name is Yuhuang, the nickname is Wei, the first name is Tongye, the other name is Zaigong, and he is a dragon-riding man from Qingyan, Guiyang. Father Zhou Guozhu had four sons, Yuhuang ranked first. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1687), Yuhuang ranked first in the provincial examination at the age of 22. In the thirty-third year (1694), at the age of 29, he became a Jinshi and was changed to a Shujishi in the Hanlin Academy. In the thirty-sixth year (1697), the library was disbanded and assigned to the Imperial Academy for review. Forty-four years (1705), he served as the examiner of the Zhejiang Provincial Examination. In the forty-ninth year (1710), he was promoted to the Imperial Academy. In the 50th year (1711), Jian was appointed as the academic administrator of Shuntian. In the fifty-first year (1712), he was promoted to bachelor's degree. In the fifty-second year (1713), he was promoted to Zhanli of Zhan Shifu, and was ordered to worship Yuling and Ming Taizu Xiaoling, and to review the soldiers of Zhejiang and Jiangnan provinces. In the fifty-third year (1714), due to overwork, he died in office at the age of nearly fifty.

Zhou Yuhuang was talented and had a high status in the Chinese poetry circle in the early Qing Dynasty. He was a poet when he was young. When he was fourteen or fifteen years old, he composed a poem called "Poetry on Lantern Flowers" which was circulated in his hometown.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the bad habits of the Chinese poetry circle were serious. He was not affected by the trend of the times, learned from the strengths of others, and became unique. He was good at novelty and novelty. Zhou Yuhuang stayed in the capital for more than 20 years. He first became famous in Beijing with his magnificent and unique song "The Great Bell of Ten Thousand Buddhas Temple" (the Great Bell of Ten Thousand Buddhas Temple is the Great Bell of Huayan Sutra) - the fourth year of Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty (1402). King Zhu Di of Yan launched the "Jingnan" to seize the throne from his nephew, changed his reign to Yongle, and moved the capital to Beijing. As soon as he arrived in Beijing, Zhu Di cast a large Huayan Sutra bell, intending to save the deceased in "Jingnan" and alleviate his own sins. In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign (1708), Zhou Yuhuang was working at the Hanlin Academy when he wrote this poem. In the poem, he criticized Zhu Di's cruelty in seizing the throne, pointing out that "millions of soldiers from the south slaughtered sheep and hogs", "the souls of loyal ministers and ten clans are drifting with injustice", " "The massacre in those days made Qiu Ruins"; it was revealed that the Huayan Sutra bell with 200,000 words inscribed on it "can erase an injustice with one word, but many injustices cannot be cleared away", "the bell sounds like an old fox at night, and it is worn on the head." The skull listened in secret."; Finally, he said sadly that the scene before King Li Chuang entered the capital, Chongzhen was hanged, and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed was "the emperor's sons and grandsons were nowhere to be found, and the hills were stained with blood." It can be described as majestic and majestic, with a profound artistic conception. , Shen Xiong is tragic. Yuan Mei once praised his "The West Lake is compared to the bright moon, and the pavilion in the center of the lake is the Guanghan Palace" as a good sentence that "will never be forgotten".

Zhou Yuhuang’s "Collection of Tongye Poems" was circulated in four editions during the Qing Dynasty: it was originally named "Huiqingshanfang", also known as "Jiayuxuan", also known as "Yanshan Dust", and later named " Collected Poems of Kirino". His brother Zhou Qilian had it carved in Beijing, and it was called the northern version; Zhou Yuhuang's friend and fellow Jinshi Wang Qianbo had it carved again in Wuxian County (Suzhou), Jiangsu, and it was called the southern version; the third one was carved in Guiyang, by Xie Tingxun, a Guizhu native, and it was called the Xie version. ; Four were engraved in Mo Youzhi, Dushan, and printed in Guiyang in the second year of Xianfeng (1852). Today's common "Tongye Poetry Collection", namely Mo Youzhi's Xianfeng edition, is divided into four volumes, the first volume has 68 poems, the second volume has 77 poems, the third volume has 89 poems, and the fourth volume has 118 poems, totaling 352 poems. It records Zhou Yuhuang's experiences and thoughts while serving in the Hanlin Academy. It is a masterpiece among poems! In November 1999, the annotated version of "Tongye Poems" published by Guizhou People's Publishing House was released.

Emperor Kangxi once asked Chen Tingjing, a bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion and Minister of Civil Affairs: Who are the contemporary poets? Chen Tingjing replied: Zhou Qiwei (Yuhuang) and Shi Yuyi (Jiaoyin). It can be seen that Zhou Yuhuang was already one of the top poets in the national poetry circle at that time. In the late Qing Dynasty, "Southwestern Confucian" Zheng Zhen paid tribute to Zhou Yuhuang's portrait and said: "Poems were written during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and the sun was in the middle of the year. When I asked about the Great Han Dynasty, it was Duke Yuhuang who was the only one. An article from Tongye was released in Meishan. Merchants from the Jingwei Palace continued their prosperity. Changtong." He believed that Zhou Yuhuang was a poet comparable to Su Dongpo (Meishan) and Lu You (Fangweng) after inheriting Shenglan (Changtong). Zhou Yuhuang's poetry not only had profound attainments, but also achieved high achievements. The great painter Liu Haisu called him "the handsome poet in central Guizhou" in the "Biography of the Poet Zhou Yuhuang" and believed that "this figure who created the trend of a generation has high academic achievements. His wide experience reflects the depth of people's suffering. He is not as good as Zheng Zhen (Zi Yin), Mo Youzhi (Lanting), Li Shuchang (Chun Zhai) (Li is also inferior to Zheng and Mo in depicting people's livelihood), but his talent may be More than three families."

Some of Zhou Yuhuang's other academic achievements are that he was ordered to participate in the compilation of "Huangyu Biao", "Kangxi Dictionary", "Yuanjian Connotation" and other books. "Imperial Map" is the "Geographical Map of the Qing Dynasty", which is an important geography map compiled in the early Qing Dynasty; "Kangxi Dictionary" was compiled by Zhang Yushu, Chen Tingjing and others on orders, and Zhou Yuhuang was among the 27 usurpers. Third, it shows the important responsibilities it bears; the book contains 47,053 characters, which was the largest dictionary in my country before the publication of the "Chinese Dictionary". It is an indispensable reference book for finding the ancient sounds, ancient meanings and rare and strange characters of Chinese characters. It occupies a very important position in the academic history of our country. "Yuanjian Neihan" is a class book, which is collected from 17 ancient class books such as "Tang Neihan", "Yi Wen Lei Ju", "Ji Xue Ji", "Taiping Yulan", "Yu Hai", etc. It is divided into Tian, Forty-five volumes, including age, place, emperors, literature, martial arts, people, grass, wood, birds, and beasts, totaling 450 volumes, are a collection of similar books before the Qing Dynasty in my country. Zhou Yuhuang is the author of this book school. Recorder.

Zhou Yuhuang also made outstanding contributions to local cultural construction. In the 31st year of Kangxi (1692), Zhou Yuhuang, who was only 27 years old, participated in the revision work of "Guizhou Tongzhi" organized by Wei Jiqi, the governor of Guizhou, and served as a reviewer.

At that time, Wu Zhongfan, a famous scholar in Guizhou, was in charge of this work. He valued Zhou Yuhuang's talents very much and believed that he was young and promising and had a bright future. There is a poem by Wuzhongfan: "If you want to find a substitute, you will be happy, but you know that you can't help yourself. The original will be extraordinary and extraordinary, comforting my infinite heart." Zhou Yuhuang was in charge of the Kangxi Emperor's "Guizhou General Chronicle", The book has thirty-six volumes, and later "Miscellaneous Notes" were added, totaling thirty-seven volumes. It is rich in historical materials and vast in length. It is an important work of local chronicles in Guizhou Province.

But I never expected that the former residence of such a historical figure who is worthy of the pride of Guizhou people would look like this in front of me! It’s hard to describe how I feel when I think of some places that originally had no celebrities but had to find ways to “create” celebrities or have something to do with a celebrity!

Zhao Xu:

(1812-1866), courtesy name Shizhi and nickname Xiaofeng, was a native of Tongzi County, Guizhou Province in the Qing Dynasty. His father died when he was young, and when he was young, he lived with his uncle in his grandfather's official residence in Teng County, Shandong Province. He traveled to Wu and Chu successively and gained rich experience and knowledge. After returning to Tongzi, he failed in nine provincial examinations. He studied at home for a long time and developed a deep friendship with Zheng Zhen and Mo Youzhi, the "Southwestern Confucians". He once served as an eunuch in Tongzi and Libo. In the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1862), when he was appointed as the teaching magistrate of Libo County, he was awarded the title of Confucius of the Hanlin Academy and was appointed professor of Duyun Prefecture based on his performance. In the fifth year of Tongzhi (AD 1866), the peasant uprising army captured Libo County. Xu was seriously injured and then threw himself into the river and died. Zhao Xu was an erudite man who cared about the cultural undertakings of Sangzi. He interviewed Tongzi anecdotes and compiled six volumes of "Tongzi Jian", one volume of "Being Tongjian", one volume of "Tongzi Old Poems", and four volumes of "Tongzi Yiwenzhi". There are 1 volume of "Literature Erya Notes", 1 volume of "Qinhetang Xianze Supplement", and 6 volumes of "Shu Bi Supplement". The main achievement of Zhao Xu's life is poetry creation. He is the author of 8 volumes of "Bochuan Poems" and more than 500 selected poems. There are also 50 episodes of "The Complete Works of Bochuan". He has had a rough life and has lived in rural areas for a long time, so he has a good understanding of the lives of poor farmers. The poems he wrote mostly reflected the suffering of the poor people, sympathized with the suffering of the working people, and boldly exposed the darkness of the Qing army's corrupt society. The language is unpretentious, smooth and lively, with a strong local flavor.

2. Wang Chengchao:

The courtesy name is Xiaoying, the name is Zulongkengwairen, and he is from Guiyang, Guizhou. painter. He is a master of landscape painting and can draw portraits. In the twelfth year of Daoguang's reign (AD 1832), he painted scenic spots in central Guizhou for Linqing's "Hongxue Karma Illustrated Notes".

3. Wang Lizhong:

A native of Pingyue (now Fuquan County), Guizhou during the Qing Dynasty. In the twelfth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1832), he became a Jinshi and entered the Hanlin Academy.

4. An Ganxin:

A native of Shuixi, Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty. Descendants of luxury. In the 13th year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1833 AD), he requested that a monument be erected in front of the tomb for Shexiang. He also built a shrine for Shexiang beside the tomb and set up a stone pillar marking "Mrs. Shexiang's Hometown" by the roadside.

5. Chen Yu:

(1814-1869), with the courtesy name Erru and the nickname Shanren, he was a native of Guiyang, Guizhou Province in the Qing Dynasty. A famous finger-painting master from Guizhou disliked imperial examinations since he was a child, and was obsessed with ink painting. Before he reached middle age, he was famous for his paintings all over central Guizhou. Due to his excessive efforts, he lost his eyesight after 40 degrees Celsius. After several years of treatment, he regained his sight. He is good at finger painting, painting figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, especially figures. He has very high attainments in calligraphy and painting, but unfortunately he is confined to Qianjiang and has no chance to interact with famous people at home and abroad, so it is difficult to show his reputation. Chen Yu's figure paintings were still preserved by his tribe during the Republic of China. There are "Pictures of People Rejoicing in Yizhi Mountain", "Book of Eighteen Arhats", etc. The Guizhou Provincial Museum has several types of his paintings in its collection, including "Scroll of Zhong Kui's Broken Fan", "Ink Pen Landscape and Flowers Loose Pages" (ten pages), etc.

6. He Desheng:

(1814-1867), whose courtesy name was Anguo, whose surname was Liu, and whose nicknames were Liu Er and He Er. He was a native of Mu Laoping, Huangping, Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty. Leader of the Huanghao Army of the Peasant Rebellion Army. He was stubborn by nature and liked to fight against injustice. He was extremely dissatisfied with the Qing government's policy of excessive tax collection and forced "reduction of taxes". In the fifth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1855), an uprising was organized in Weng'an Tianwen. They tied their heads with yellow cloth and were known as Huang Haojun in history. Base areas such as Shangdaping and Jiaodingshan were established.

In October of the ninth year (AD 1859), they invaded Kaizhou. In April of the tenth year (AD 1830), they planned to attack Guiyang. They captured Wudang and killed the guard Dai Yuxian. With reinforcements from Admiral Tian Xing, they retreated to Kaizhou and Pingyue. , Guiding and other places to fight with the army. In the second year of Tongzhi (AD 1863), they successively killed Zhao Guoshu, guard Yuan Xuexian, Qianzong Sun Desheng, deputy general He Xianshi, prefect Dai Luzhi, magistrate Bai Luchan, guerrilla Shang Zhaohuai, Guo Kaigui and other civil and military officials, captured Xiuwen, and Pan Mingjie, another peasant rebel army, plans to attack Guiyang again and has already marched to Xiaoguan, Tea Shop and other places. In the third year of Tongzhi (AD 1864), Changshun, Changzhai, and Dingfan were conquered, and their power reached Anshun and Anping. They killed guard Wang Sanxi, guerrilla Tian Qingyi, Huang Dezheng, Dusi Li Honglin, Tang Wanquan, and Qianzong Su Yixiang. In the fourth to sixth years of Tongzhi (AD 1865-1867), they broke through Qingzhen County, entered Xifeng, and killed deputy generals Ye Yougui, Ni Chaorong and others. After thirteen years of fighting in Guizhou, covering hundreds of miles, the army grew to more than 100,000 people, which frightened the Qing government and regarded it as a "trouble in the heart". In October of the sixth year of Tongzhi (AD 1867), he died of illness in the Jiaodingshan Army. His uprising team was led by his wife and continued to fight. Due to the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionary movement, the Qing court mobilized a large army to suppress it, and the Huanghao uprising army finally failed.

Names of famous people in Guizhou

Celebrities in ancient history

Sheren, Wang Bo, Yin Zhen, Xie Xian, Fubao, Yin Gong, Xie Yuanshen, Tian Daoyuan, Zhao Guozhen, Haitong, Zhao Zhusu, Sun Yingao, Yue Qijie, Xie Sanxiu, Song Ang, Song Yu, Madam Shexiang of Daming, Ma Shiying, He Tengjiao, Mei Youyue, Zhu Wannian, Zheng Zhen, Zhou Yuhuang, Yan Yinliang, Fu Yushu, He Weifeng, Tang Jiong , Mo Youzhi, Zhao Yijong, Zheng Zhitong, Xiao Guangyuan, Mo Yucheng, Li Kai, Li Shufan, Li Xun, Li Zhaoqi, Li Zhaoquan, Li Shutao, Chen Tian, ??Wu Zhongfan, Sun Zhuya, Xia Tonghe, Zhu Hongzhang, Cheng Shixuan, Jiang Yunxuan, Chen Kuilong , Ding Baozhen, Li Shuchang, Yang Fang, Wen Tianjun, Chen Fa, Liu Qing, Zhou Zhihan...

Modern and contemporary celebrities

Xie Liuyi, Li Duanfen, Zhou Suyuan, Wang Jialie, Liu Xianshi, He Yingqin, Wang Tianpei, Ren Kecheng, Zeng Yuansan, Mao Guangxiang, Wang Boqun, Dai Zhiqi, Gu Zhenglun, Gu Zhengding, Mei Dafu, Teng Jiushou, Xi Zhengming, Wang Ruofei, Long Daodao, Jin Guonan, Liu Zijian, Chen Zenggu, Zhu Qiqian , Deng Enming, Bai Huizhang, Dai Kan, Huang Zhimeng, Gu Zhenggang, Zhang Daofan, Wang Wenhua, Zhou Xicheng, Yuan Zuming, Ping Gang, Wang Tianxi, Wang Boxun, Zhou Dawen, An Jian, Yang Zhicheng, Long Shichang, Zhou Yiqun, Kuang Jixun, Yong Wentao, Chen Taiyun, He Zhaoqing, Song Siyi, Huang Chao, Yang Jialiu, Yao Mangfu, Jian Xianai, Zhou Changshou, Zhou Gongshou, Wu Shude, Peng Quan, Zou Shiming, Zhou Lin, Dai Bingguo, Liao Xilong, Chen Peizhong, Wang Yingxue, Shen Wansheng, Jia Ruoyu, Zhang Zhiting, Qin Yuanxun, Yi Jiaxun, Zhang Zhusheng, Yue Minyi, Lang Shijun, Luo Dengyi, Zhang Yongli, Gu Jianzhong, Ding Daoheng, Liu Zunyi, Chen Shiju, Xiong Yi, Xiao Xuchang, Xing Qiyi, Le Senxuan, Yin Hongzhang, Liu Zi, Ning Jing, Ya Mo, Zhou Xianxin, A Youduo, Yan Zhenhao, Jingwei, He Jie, Zhuo Dingtao, Nie Yuan, Yang Changhuai, Shun Tianqi, Huang Zheng, Long Chaoyun