Qin Shihuang's composition in classical Chinese

1. Write a classical Chinese article based on the deeds of Qin Shihuang, five or six sentences will do.

The King of Qin sent someone to say to Lord Anling: "I want to exchange land with a radius of five hundred miles. Anling, Lord Anling must promise me!" ((Jun Anling said: "It is good that the king will give you a favor and exchange a large piece of land for a small piece of land. Even so, I accepted the fief from the late king and am willing to do so! Guarding it, I really don’t dare to exchange it!”)) King Qin was not happy. So Anlingjun sent Tang Ju as an envoy to Qin.

The King of Qin said to Tang Ju: "I exchanged land with a radius of five hundred miles for Anling, but Lord Anling didn't listen to me. Why? Besides, Qin has already destroyed Korea and Wei. But Lord Anling survived with fifty miles of land. It was because I regarded Lord Anling as a loyal elder, so I didn't want to take advantage of him. Now I use the land ten times that of Anling to give Lord Anling. To expand the territory, but he went against my wishes, didn't he despise me?" Tang Ju replied: "No, it's not like what you said ((Jun Anling accepted the fief from the former king and defended it, even if it was a small area). The land of thousands of miles would not dare to be exchanged, let alone only five hundred miles?"))

King Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju: "Have you ever heard of the emperor being angry?" Tang Ju replied. : "I have never heard of it." King Qin said: "When the emperor is angry, millions of corpses will be killed and blood will flow thousands of miles." Tang Ju said: "Has your Majesty ever heard of the anger of the common people?" The King of Qin said: "The anger of the common people is nothing more than anger. He just took off his hat, went barefoot, and banged his head on the ground. "Tang Ju said: "This is the anger of a mediocre and incompetent person, not the anger of a talented and courageous person. When Zhuan Zhu assassinated King Wu, the comet's tail swept across the moon. When Nie Zheng assassinated Han Puppet, a white light shot straight into the sun; when he was about to assassinate Qing Ji, the goshawk suddenly swooped on the palace. The three of them were talented and courageous people among the common people, and they were not yet angry. (Now, (Zhuanzhu, Nie Zheng, Yaoli) plus me become four people.)) If a person with talent and courage must be angry, the dead body will be angry. The blood flow between the two of them is only five steps away. Everyone in the world must wear mourning clothes, and this is the case today." Then he drew his sword and stood up.

The King of Qin changed his expression, straightened up and knelt down to apologize to Tang Ju and said: "Sir, please sit down! How did it get to this point! ((I understand: the Korea and Wei were destroyed, but An The reason why Ling survives on fifty miles of land is just because of Mr. "))

The key words in (( )) are translated

Easy: Exchange. It: A particle used to emphasize the tone in a sentence. Favor: Give favors.

Wrong meaning: wrong intention. Wrong: pass "measure". Guang: Expand. Straight: only, only.

怫 (fú): an angry look, a sign of good or bad luck. Hugh, good luck. Xi, ominous.

Scratch: give in. Xie: apologize. Instruction: Understand, understand. 2. I am looking for some classical Chinese articles about the First Emperor of Qin (i.e. King Ying Zheng of Qin). If you can read it, please help.

The original words in "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin":

The First Emperor of Qin was Prince Zhuangxiang of Qin. King Zhuang Xiang was the hostage of Qin in Zhao. When he saw Concubine Lu Buwei, he took her and gave birth to the first emperor. King Zhao of Qin was born in Handan in the first month of the forty-eighth year of his reign. When he was born, his name was Zheng and his surname was Zhao. When he was thirteen years old, King Zhuang Xiang died, and Zheng Dai was made King of Qin.

At that time, Qin had merged with Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, and there was Ying in Yuewan, and Nanjun was established; to the east of Shangjun in the north, there were Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang counties; in the east to Xingyang, After two weeks of destruction, Sanchuan County was established.

Lu Buwei was appointed prime minister, granted a title of 100,000 households, and was named Marquis Wenxin. Inviting guests and tourists, hoping to unite the world. Li Si is a sacrificer. Meng Ao, Wang Jue, Hegong and others were the generals. When the king was young, he first came to the throne and was appointed minister of state.

Translation:

The First Emperor of Qin was the son of King Zhuang Xiang of the State of Qin. King Zhuang Xiang once lived in Handan City of Zhao State as the grandson of King Zhao of Qin. He saw Lu Buwei's concubine there and fell in love with her very much, so he married her and gave birth to the First Emperor.

Qin Shihuang was born in Handan in the forty-eighth year of King Qin Zhao (259 BC). After birth, he was named Zheng and his surname was Zhao. When he was thirteen years old, King Zhuang Xiang died, and Zheng succeeded to the throne and became King of Qin.

At this time, Qin's territory had annexed Bajun, Shujun and Hanzhong, crossed Wanxian County to occupy Chu's Yingdu, and established Nanjun; it took the east of Shangjun to the north and occupied He went to Hedong, Taiyuan and Shangdang counties; went east to Xingyang, destroyed the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and established Sanchuan County.

Lu Buwei was the Prime Minister of the country and was granted a title of 100,000 households. His title was Wenxinhou. He solicited guests and tourists, hoping to annex the world. Li Si was a sacrificer. Meng Ao, Wang Jue, Hegong and others were the generals. The King of Qin was young and had just ascended the throne, so he entrusted state affairs to his ministers.

"The Chronicles of Qin Shihuang" comes from Volume 6 of "Historical Records", and the author is Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty.

Extended information

"The Chronicles of Qin Shihuang" records the main activities and major events in the lives of Qin Shihuang and Qin II in the form of chronology, with clear organization and rich content. , truly reflects the changing historical scenes in the forty years before and after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty.

This chronicle focuses on the activities of Qin Shihuang and Qin II, and is narrated year by year. It is simple and complex, and summary and heavy writing alternate. Reading the whole article not only gives people the original picture of history, but also gives people the original picture of history. It can make people feel that everything is a historical necessity, and the images of two generations of emperors are vividly presented before their eyes.

Writing about the First Emperor of Qin, he first briefly recounts the process of how he mobilized his troops and generals, took advantage of the victory to attack, and annexed the six countries based on the major victories achieved by the previous dynasties. Interspersed with the description of the crushing of the Lao Ai Lu Buwei Group , Li Si wrote a letter to admonish the guest, Wei Liao offered a plan, Jing Ke assassinated and other incidents.

Then he narrates his words, deeds and events after unifying the world. On the one hand, he lists such things as discussing the emperor's title, changing the calendar and clothing, dividing the world into thirty-six counties, unifying laws, unifying weights, measures and writing, Patrolling to carve stones, taking Luliang land from the south, attacking the Xiongnu from the north, building the Great Wall, a big debate in Xianyang Palace about learning from the past and learning from the present, burning books and harassing Confucians, etc.

On the other hand, it is listed that Qin Shihuang spent huge sums of money to send people into the sea to seek immortality, carry out large-scale construction projects to build Afang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum, kill innocent people at will, etc.

Baidu Encyclopedia - The Chronicles of Qin Shihuang 3. Classical Chinese version of the story of Qin Shihuang burning books and trapping Confucian scholars

Burning books and trapping bamboo and silk cigarettes wiped out the emperor's career, and the Guanhe River was empty and locked in the ancestral dragon residence.

Shandong was in chaos before the ashes were cold, and Liu Xiang did not study. Appreciation This poem makes a bitter mockery and ruthless condemnation of the turbulent situation in the late Qin Dynasty and Qin Shihuang's brutal act of burning books.

In 213 BC (the thirty-fourth year of the First Emperor of Qin), the Prime Minister Li Si was adopted and ordered to collect and burn Confucian "Poems", "Books" and books of hundreds of schools of thought across the country. Those who did not burn for ten days were punished with hard labor in building the city, causing a cultural catastrophe in Chinese history. The Book Burning Pit is said to be a cave where books were burned. The original site is on Lishan Mountain in the southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province.

Zhang Jie may have been there, touched it with his eyes, and felt emotional about it, so he wrote this poem. The poem touches on the subject right from the beginning.

The first sentence uses slightly exaggerated language to reveal the contradiction: the bamboos and silks turned into ashes and disappeared, and Qin Shihuang's imperial career also perished, as if it was his Ying family that was burned in the book burning pit. The world. This sentence is a combination of narration and discussion, explicit statement and covert discussion, with some truth and some falsehood.

"Bamboo, silk and cigarettes are sold" is a literal description and can be seen in images. "Bamboo and silk" are the materials for writing books in ancient times, here they refer to books.

"The emperor's industry is empty" is a fictitious writing. This kind of expression technique that alternates reality and reality is very charming.

The second sentence takes the meaning of "the emperor's career is empty" to a deeper level, saying that although the river is dangerous, it cannot defend Qin Shihuang's palace in the capital. "Guanhe" mainly refers to Hangu Pass and the Yellow River, but also includes other passes and rivers, such as Sanguan, Xiaoguan, Jinghe, Weihe, Weishan, Huashan, etc.

Jia Yi's "On Passing the Qin": "The land of Qin is considered solid by mountains and rivers, and it is a country with four fortresses." Saying "Guanhe" summarizes all the geographical dangers that can be relied upon.

Although Xianyang, the capital of Qin, is surrounded by many mountains and rivers, it still cannot be defended. Therefore, "On the Passage of Qin" also says: "The people of Qin did not guard the dangers, and the passes and beams were not closed. The halberd can't stab, the powerful crossbow can't shoot. The Chu army went deep and fought at Hongmen, and there was no barrier."

No matter how strong the "fence" is, it can't stop the insurgent army from marching in. The poem summarizes the entire historical facts of the turmoil in the late Qin Dynasty and the demise of the Qin Dynasty with the sentence "The Guanhe River is empty and locks the ancestral dragon's residence". The words are concise and profound; and it is vividly presented, making the abstract concept of "empty emperor's industry" emotional and emotional. The scenery, with description and commentary, is very memorable.

"Ancestral Dragon" refers to Qin Shihuang. The use of "ancestral dragon" instead of "first emperor" here is by no means a pure pursuit of allusion, but out of the need to express expressions.

"Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" records a legend: In the thirty-sixth year of the First Emperor, a god said to the Qin envoy: "This year the ancestor dragon died." The envoy reported back to the First Emperor, and the First Emperor listened. He didn't speak for a long time, and later explained to himself: "The ancestor of the dragon is the ancestor of man."

Qin Shihuang was determined to be the ancestor of all "dragons" for generations to come. At this time, the country changed hands, and the word "ancestral dragon" was used in reverse, adding new meaning and becoming a wonderful satire on Qin Shihuang, with twists and turns and literary grace, which is in line with the charm of poetic language.

The third sentence point question further uses historical facts to judge the "book burning" incident. Qin Shihuang, Li Si and others regarded "books" as the source of disasters and thought that burning books would eliminate disasters and bring peace to the world.

The result was counterproductive, and the Ying Qin Dynasty soon fell into a precarious and precarious situation. "Not cold" are exaggerated words, aiming to highlight the absurdity of the book burning behavior. In fact, there was a gap of four years from the book burning to Chen Sheng and Wu Guang raising the flag of righteousness for the first time in Daze Township.

The last sentence expresses discussion and emotion. The Shandong Rebellion lasted for a period of time, and the Qin Dynasty finally fell at the hands of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu.

One of the two people had been hanging out in the market for a long time, the other was from the army, and neither of them was a scholar. It can be seen that "books" are not necessarily the source of disasters, and "book burning" is not necessarily an effective measure to consolidate "the inheritance of descendants and emperors for eternity" ("Guo Qin Lun").

It is said that "Liu Xiang did not study at first", but he was able to destroy the Qin Dynasty that "burned books". The whole sentence is purely teasing and ridiculing, and contains extremely bitter irony. It starts from "bamboo and silk" and ends with "book". The beginning and end are connected like a ring, which looks round and natural.

Argumentative poetry must not only analyze facts but also display images, which is really not easy. This poem adopts an almost comedic expression: revealing contradictions and placing Qin Shihuang in a position of self-denial.

Writing this way seems to be tactful and calm on the surface, but in fact the attitude of opposition and feelings of hatred are very clear. If this is the expression of "resentment without anger", then it can also be regarded as a successful artistic technique. 4. An 800-word essay about Qin Shi Huang

On the merits and demerits of Qin Shi Huang Qin Shi Huang was the first feudal emperor of our country. He established the first unified feudal dynasty in Chinese history.

He had both merits and demerits in his life. During his reign, Qin Shihuang made immortal achievements in unifying China, but he also made many mistakes.

Some people say: "His merits outweigh his faults and he deserves the respect of thousands of people." Others say that his faults outweigh his merits. During his reign, he was very cruel and said that he was the tyranny of Qin. Let us talk about it. Let’s talk about their merits and demerits! Qin Shihuang ascended the throne when he was only thirteen years old. With his immature shoulders, he prematurely shouldered the mission of Qin to unify the world. The responsibility made him more mature, stronger, and more silent.

His decisiveness is the basis for everything he achieves. Therefore, his decisiveness has made him achieve a lot of achievements. His main achievements were the political unification of China and the establishment of the first centralized feudal state in Chinese history, as well as his military and transportation contributions to unify and consolidate unity.

His contribution can be divided into several parts. To be more specific, he unified the six countries politically. In unifying the six countries, he first firmly held the power in his own hands, and then He made a decisive decision and made a major decision to promote reunification.

From this incident, we can see that Qin Shihuang was very resourceful and strategic, so he was able to unify China.

This is one of his achievements. On the basis of unifying China, he established a complete set of feudal centralized state government models.

He first created the emperor system and called himself the First Emperor. Secondly, he created the system of counties and counties, abolished the original feudal state, divided the world into thirty-six counties, and later added four more counties; counties had county governors, and counties were under the jurisdiction of counties. Appointed by Zhongju and can be transferred at any time.

The central government has three ministers and nine ministers, and hereditary privileges have been abolished. Officials at the central and local levels were mobile, and all power over their appointment, removal, and promotion was in the hands of the emperor.

This political system model established by Yingzheng had a profound impact on China's feudal society for more than 2,000 years. Although the political models of the feudal dynasties since the Qin Dynasty have undergone minor changes during the period, they have basically not deviated from the formula of winning government design.

This shows that Qin Shihuang’s contribution is very great, and it still has a considerable influence until now. This is his second contribution.

The third contribution is that in order to consolidate the newly established unified dynasty, he ordered Qin Xiaozhuan to be the unified writing system, Qin's round currency "Qin Banliang" to be the unified currency, and Qin's weights and measures to be the unified currency. Nationally unified measurement standards. This facilitates economic and cultural exchanges in various places.

He also carried out large-scale civil engineering projects and built the Great Wall and Epang Palace. It left China with the world cultural heritage "Great Wall" and "Terracotta Warriors" that shocked both China and foreign countries.

These all show that Qin Shihuang’s contribution is huge. But a person will have his faults if he has merit, let alone the king of a country! As an authoritarian ruler, the brutal measures he took to strengthen centralization, especially to strengthen ideological and cultural rule, played a destructive role in the development of Chinese cultural thought and set a precedent for cultural autocracy.

He burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, used brutal criminal laws, abused people's power, and carried out large-scale construction projects. These were all major mistakes of Qin Shihuang. In general, Qin Shihuang lived for fifty years, but these fifty years made Qin Shihuang an emperor throughout the ages.

He created China's first unified feudal absolutist multi-ethnic country, laying the foundation for the integration and development of the Chinese nation. He unified writing, currency, weights and measures, and established the system of counties and counties, which had a profound impact on later generations and made an indelible contribution to the establishment of this ancient civilization in the ancient East.

So, it is enough to show that Qin Shihuang’s life was more merit than fault. 5. Classical Chinese version of the story of Qin Shihuang burning books and burying Confucian scholars

1. Burning books and burying Confucians

2. The emperor’s business was wiped out by the destruction of bamboo, silk and smoke, and the ancestral dragon’s residence was locked in the Guanhe River.

Shandong was in chaos before the ashes were cold, and Liu Xiang did not study.

3. Appreciation

This poem makes a bitter mockery and ruthless condemnation of the turbulent situation in the late Qin Dynasty and Qin Shihuang's brutal act of burning books.

In 213 BC (the thirty-fourth year of the First Emperor of Qin), the Prime Minister Li Si was adopted and ordered to collect and burn Confucian "Poems", "Books" and books of hundreds of schools of thought across the country. Those who did not burn for ten days were punished with hard labor in building the city, causing a cultural catastrophe in Chinese history.

The Book Burning Pit is said to be a cave where books were burned. The former site is on Lishan Mountain in the southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. Zhang Jie may have been there, touched it with his eyes, and felt emotional about it, so he wrote this poem.

The poem begins by touching on the subject. The first sentence uses slightly exaggerated language to reveal the contradiction: the bamboos and silks turned into ashes and disappeared, and Qin Shihuang's empire also perished, as if what was burned in the book burning pit was his Ying family world. This sentence is a combination of narration and discussion, explicit statement and covert discussion, with some truth and some falsehood. "Bamboo and silk cigarettes are sold" is a real description and can be seen in images. "Bamboo and silk" are the materials for writing books in ancient times, here they refer to books. "Emperor's industry is empty" is a fictitious writing. This kind of expression technique that alternates reality and reality is very charming.

The second sentence takes the meaning of "the emperor's career is empty" to a deeper level, saying that although the river is dangerous, it cannot protect Qin Shihuang's palace in the capital.

It is recorded in the book: "I asked the historians not to burn the records of Qin. If anyone in the world who dares to collect "Poems", "Books", and Bai Jiayu is not a doctor, he will be burned by Xi Yishou and Wei Za. It is said in "Poems" and "Books" that those who refuse to do so are guilty of the same crime. "If you want to learn the law, take the officials as your teachers." 7. A brief introduction to Qin Shihuang's tyranny in the classical Chinese version

On the Qin Dynasty, Duke Xiao of Qin took control of the territory of Yongzhou, and the monarchs and ministers guarded it. The Zhou Dynasty has the intention to sweep the world, encompass the entire universe, embrace the four seas, and swallow up all the eight wastelands.

At that time, the Lord of Shang assisted him, enacting laws internally, doing farming and weaving, repairing and guarding war tools, externally linking balance and fighting against the princes. So the Qin people surrendered and took the territory outside the Xihe River.

Since Duke Xiao was gone, Huiwen, Wu, Zhaoxiang and Meng had their old responsibilities. Due to the legacy policy, Hanzhong was taken from the south, Ba and Shu were raised from the west, the sacred land was cut from the east, and key counties were taken from the north. The princes are afraid, will make alliances and plan to weaken the Qin, and do not love the precious and fertile land, so that all the people in the world will unite and establish diplomatic relations and become one.

At this time, Qi had Mengchang, Zhao had Pingyuan, Chu had Chunshen, and Wei had Xinling. These four monarchs are all wise and loyal, generous and loving, respecting the virtuous and respecting scholars. They are all from Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan.

So the scholars of the Six Kingdoms, including the subordinates of Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, and Du He, planned for them; Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Zhen, Zhao Hua, Lou Su, Zhai Jing, Su Li, Le Yi's disciples understood his intentions; Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Wang Jing, Tian Ji, Lian Po, and Zhao Shezhi Lun controlled his troops. With ten times the land and millions of troops, he knocked on the pass and attacked Qin.

The Qin people opened and closed the enemy's gates, and the divisions of the Nine Kingdoms patrolled and did not dare to advance. Qin did not have the money to pay for the death arrow, but the princes of the world were already trapped.

So he broke the contract and lost, fought for the land and bribed Qin. Qin had spare power to control its disadvantages, chasing death to the north, laying down millions of corpses, bleeding and drifting in the oars; taking advantage of convenience, it slaughtered the world and divided the mountains and rivers.

Strong countries ask for submission, weak countries enter the court. Extending to King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang, the country enjoyed a short period of time and the country was fine.

As for the First Emperor, the remaining heroes of the sixth generation vigorously pursued the strategy and controlled the inner world, swallowed up the princes for two weeks, acted as the supreme and controlled the Liuhe, held on to beat and beat the world, and vibrated the world. Taking the land of Baiyue in the south, I thought it was Guilin and Xiangjun. The king of Baiyue bowed his head and tied his neck, and ordered his subordinates.

He ordered Meng Tian to build the Great Wall to the north and guard the fence, but the Huns were more than 700 miles away. The Hu people did not dare to go south to herd horses, and the soldiers did not dare to bend their bows and complain. So he abolished the ways of the previous kings, burned the words of hundreds of families, and used the stupid head of Guizhou; he made the city famous and killed the heroes; he collected the soldiers of the world, gathered in Xianyang, sold Feng Dy, and cast them into twelve golden figures to weaken the people of the world.

Then practice Huahua City, because the river is a pond, and according to the city of hundreds of millions of feet, it is considered solid in the face of unexpected abyss. The good generals guard the key points with their powerful crossbows, and the trustworthy ministers and elite soldiers prepare the troops.

The world has been settled, and the First Emperor's heart is that he thinks that the Guanzhong is solid, the golden city is thousands of miles away, and the inheritance of descendants and emperors will last forever. The First Emperor is no longer alive, but his remaining power shocks the world.

However, Chen Sheweng is the son of Shengshu, a gangster, and a migrant. His talents are not as good as those of middle-class people. He is not as wise as Zhongni and Mo Zhai, and he is not as rich as Tao Zhu and Yidun. He walks on tiptoe. In the meantime, he stubbornly rose up in the streets, led the exhausted soldiers, turned hundreds of people to attack Qin, cut down trees as soldiers, raised poles as flags, and the world gathered to respond, winning food and scenery. The heroes of Shandong then joined forces and destroyed the Qin people.

The world is not small and weak, and the land of Yongzhou is solid and self-contained. Chen She's position is not respected to the kings of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan; his thorns and thorns are not used to pierce his hook and halberd; his banishment to the garrison is not to resist him. The masters of the Nine Kingdoms are the ones who have foresight and foresight, and the way of marching and using troops cannot be compared to those who look forward to the times.

However, success or failure varies, and achievements are opposite. If we try to make the Shandong Kingdom and Chen Shedu have a long life and compare their power and strength, they cannot be of the same age.

However, the Qin Dynasty used only a small area to develop the power of ten thousand times, ordering the eight states and dynasty in the same row, which lasted for more than a hundred years; then, Liuhe was his home and Weihan was his palace; when one man was in trouble, seven temples were destroyed. , die at the hands of others, and make the world laugh, why? If benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive momentum will be different. Qin annexed the sea and the princes, and proclaimed himself emperor in the south to support the four seas.

The people of the world are so outstanding that they face the wind. If so, why? Said: There has been no king in recent times for a long time. The Zhou Dynasty was humble, and after the death of the five hegemons, the order could not be carried out in the world. Therefore, the princes used their power to govern, the strong invaded the weak, and the few were bullied. The war was endless, and the soldiers and the people were abandoned.

Now Qin Nan faces and rules the world, and there is an emperor above. Since the people of Yuanyuan hope to be safe for their lives, they should all look up with an open mind. At this time, the foundation of safety lies in maintaining prestige and determination.

The King of Qin was greedy and self-motivated. He did not believe in meritorious officials and was not close to the people. He abolished the royal way and established private rights. He banned documents and tortured the law. He used deception first and then benevolence and righteousness. He ruled the world with violence. beginning. The one who combines husband and wife is high in deceit, and the one who is stable values ????obedience to power. This means that taking and keeping are different skills.

When Qin left the Warring States Period and ruled the world, its path was not easy and its politics did not change. This is why it took and defended the country differently. It exists alone, so it can stand and wait for its death.

By using the King of Qin to plan the events of the previous world and to control the affairs of the Yin and Zhou dynasties, there will be no danger of collapse even though there will be arrogant and arrogant masters in the future. Therefore, when the three kings established the world, their names were beautiful and their achievements were long-lasting.

Now that the second generation of Qin has been established, everyone in the world will take the lead and watch its politics. If the husband is cold, he will benefit from leeks and brown, while if he is hungry, it will be sweetened with dregs and chaff. The world is wailing, and this is the capital of the new master.

This means that working for the people is easy and benevolent. The second generation of rural envoys behaved like mediocre rulers and were appointed loyal and virtuous. The ministers were single-minded and worried about the troubles at home. They were humble and corrected the mistakes of the previous emperor. After dividing the land and dividing the people and naming meritorious officials, they established a country and established a king to honor the world. They were imprisoned without being punished. , get rid of the crime of collecting money and filth, so that everyone can go back to their villages, distribute warehouses, and disperse money to cheer up the lonely and poor people, give light gifts and minor tasks to help the people's needs, make laws and save punishments to support them, and make the world Everyone must renew themselves, practice more disciplinedly, take care of themselves, block the hope of all people, and use their might and virtue to the world, and the world will gather together.

That is to say, within the four seas, everyone is living in peace and contentment, fearing that there will be changes. Although there are cunning people who have no intention of separation, the unruly ministers will not be able to show off their wisdom, but will be violent and traitorous. Stop it. The second generation did not practice this technique, but focused on immorality, ruining the ancestral temple and the people, and then built the Afang Palace. The punishments were severe, the officials were harsh, the rewards and punishments were inappropriate, and the wealth was excessive. The world was troubled, the officials were unable to discipline, and the people were in trouble. He is poor but the Lord cannot accept his charity.

Then traitors and falsehoods arise together, and the upper and lower escape from each other. Those who are guilty are stunned, and the punishment and killing face each other in the way, and the world suffers. From the king to the common people, people have a heart of self-danger and are living in poverty. They are not secure in their position, so they are easy to move.

Therefore, if Chen She did not use the talents of Tang and Wu, and did not borrow the honor of the princes, but he fought hard in the great marsh and the whole world responded, his people would be in danger. Therefore, the former kings saw the constant changes and knew the opportunities for survival and destruction, so they followed the way of the herdsmen and focused on safety.

Although there are rebellious ministers in the world, there will be no response and help. Therefore, it is said that "it is easy to do justice when the people are at ease, but it is easy to do wrong when it is dangerous to the people." This is what we mean.

If you are the emperor, you are rich in the world, and you are not immune to killing, then you are right and wrong. This is the fault of the second generation.

Qin annexed more than thirty counties in Shandong from the princes, repaired Jinguan, occupied the dangerous fortress, and repaired armored troops to defend it. However, Chen She scattered hundreds of garrison soldiers, shouting loudly, without bows and halberds, with swords and white stilts.