There is a country in the world where ancient people built some human heads.

The picture is not displayed. But it should be the statue from Easter Island.

Easter Island, located in the Pacific Ocean, covers an area of ??approximately 118 square kilometers and has a population of approximately 2,000 people. This barren land once had a very great history. There are 350 stone altars and more than 1,000 giant stone statues on the island. There are still different opinions on the origin of civilization on this island, and people also call these giant stone statues "moai". The shortest Maoya is three meters, and the tallest reaches twenty meters. Made of volcanic tuff. In addition, there are more than 350 altars under Maua. Most maua are also hewn in Llano. Llano is an extinct volcano, and people used the rocks there to make moya. The tools used for carving are made from basalt erupted during volcanic eruptions. There are currently one hundred and fifty unfinished Mauyas on the slopes of Rano Volcano.

Island villagers say that 1,500 years ago, the island chief Hotu Matu'a ("The Great Parent") arrived at Easter Island in a double canoe, accompanied by his wife and his big family. He may have been an excellent navigator, and he may have arrived here to find more land for his people or to escape the scourge of war. The early Polynians had a lot of motivation to seek out unknown lands, and it was clear that they were willing to risk their lives to find lands that did not even exist. Hotu Matu'a and his family on Easter Island Landing at "Anakena Beach". Te-Pito-te-Henua, "ens of the land," or "land's end," was the island's early name. . Archaeologists speculate that the original inhabitants of the island came from the Polynesians from the west, or from India, Europe, Egypt, and North Africa. However, some people also suspected that they were aliens who had fallen into disgrace and built about a thousand structures on the island. A huge stone statue, used as a way to seek help from outer space. This island, which contains countless secrets, was originally named Rapa Nui, which means "the navel of the world". It was not until 1722 that the Dutch first discovered this island on Easter Day and named it "Easter Island". ".

There are still many different opinions on the reason why Easter Island, which once had a prosperous civilization, declined; and the one that most people agree on is that it declined due to the continuous production of Maoya, mainly because of the production of Maoya Not only does it require a lot of manpower and material resources, but most importantly, it requires a lot of trees as leverage. Over time, the trees on the island gradually disappeared. This causes severe soil erosion, with fertile topsoil being eroded. The thinning of the land, the rapid increase in population, natural disasters, internal wars, etc. led to its decline.

The origin of the giant stone statues

It is difficult to uncover the secrets of these mysterious stone statues surrounding the entire island. Although there are written records, no one can yet decipher their meaning. However, archaeologists have unlocked the secrets of the giant stone statues from the remains of the stone statues that were toppled and destroyed. During the heyday of civilization, there were once more than 800 Easter Island monoliths, but now only 150 remain. The reason for the disappearance of these stone statues records the Rapa Nui people's firm obsession and obsession with belief in the sacred power. The giant stone statues were built about a thousand years ago. At that time, Easter Island was an island covered with dense palm forests. There were three extinct volcanoes on the island. The volcanic rock was soft and light, making it easy to move and carve. The Rapa Nui people believed that the rocks It can symbolize the eternity of their sacred faith, so they used volcanic rocks to complete more than 800 giant stone statues in 600 years.

The Rapa Nui people regard these stone statues as guardian spirits to bless crops and good luck, so each tribe has its own stone statue. However, as the population grew, and the Rapa Nui people had as many as 7,000 people in their heyday, the size and number of the giant stone statues also increased, and some of the stone statues were even so large that they could not be moved out of the quarry.

Unlike Stonehenge in the United Kingdom, which has endless forest wood enough to move the boulders, Easter Island's palm groves are small in size, but the giant stone statues are huge. Eventually, the trees were cut down, the ecosystem was completely destroyed, food gradually became scarce, and it was impossible to build. After the ship left, the Rapa Nui people who were trapped on the island even killed each other for cannibalism and vented their emotions on the giant stone statues. The giant stone statues were torn down one by one and became the remaining relics today, leaving only for future generations to pay tribute to.

The mystery of the stone statues

There are different opinions about the mystery of the stone statues. It is said that an alien spacecraft transported the stone statues; the stone statues have supernatural powers and will travel to their destination on their own after being built.

Archaeologists estimate that at least 30 workers were required to work for 8 hours a day, and it took about a year to carve a stone statue. However, this does not include the work of moving the statues to the beach. It is estimated that 90 people will be needed to move the statues out within two months. Finally, it will take another three months to erect the statue. However, archaeologists never imagined that the stone hat was still on the head of the figure. The stone hat is made from Puna Pau, a volcano to the west. Because the volcanic rock of Puna Pau is brick red, it is very special. The red hat is carved here and then transported to the coast. How to raise it and place it on the head of the 10-meter-high figure?

The island residents have no historical memory of these stone sculptures and do not know the stone statues. Who is being engraved on, because these stone statues have straight noses, thin lips, and sunken eyes, nothing like the local aborigines. Who are they commemorating? Or God? Or are there "someones" who have taught them some knowledge that we don't know, which they will never forget, and out of gratitude, they carved these stone statues to commemorate them?

Transportation of stone statues

Is the stone giant really that heavy? Not necessarily, the stone statues on Easter Island are far less heavy than people say. We know that volcanic islands in the ocean are made of basalt. Basalt is very hard and difficult to process. Its specific gravity is generally 3-3.2 g/cm3. If calculated according to this calculation, the largest stone statue on Easter Island is 21.8 meters high, 2.5 meters wide at the shoulder, and has a cross-section of nearly 5 square meters. After deducting the 30-40 cubic meters of rock cut off, the remaining stone statue weighs 50 —80 tons, or even hundreds of tons. This sounds reasonable, but how? The material used to carve the stone statues is not basalt, but tuff and tuff, and some are even pumice. Only some of them have a specific gravity of 1.7 g/cm3, while most of the rocks have a specific gravity of less than 1.7 g/cm3. 4g/cm3. As for pumice, its specific gravity is even lighter. After it is dried, it is lighter than water and will float on the water, so it is called pumice. Therefore, the largest and heaviest hat does not exceed 5 tons at most. Most of the statues on Easter Island are 3-5 meters high. There are not many 10-12-meter statues, only 30-40. Their weight is only more than 10 tons at most, and most of the statues weigh less than 5 tons. . Back in the day, sailors had no trouble loading a statue onto a boat and transporting it to a ship because it didn't weigh that much at all. Not long ago, people were repairing the statues on Easter Island, and a 15-ton crane lifted the heaviest statue and placed it on Ahu. It can be seen that the statue is not as heavy as people say.

I can’t help but think that the weight of the stone statue has been greatly exaggerated, and the weight of Pukao has also been exaggerated. The large hat with a diameter of 3 meters and a height of 2.5 meters is indeed awe-inspiring, and its weight seems to be astonishing. Heyerdahl believed that one Pukao weighed as much as five elephants. But don’t forget that Pukao is created from the black tuff, or pumice, from the Punapao volcano. This kind of pumice stone will float in the water after drying, and will sink only when it absorbs enough water. It does not take much effort to haul this large hat, which is made of rock with a specific gravity lighter than water. Five people can move a 1-meter-diameter pukao. Moreover, the rock used to make Pukao is also easy to process. It can be cut with an ordinary serrated knife and struck with a hammer. Although the surface of the rock will not break, wrinkles will appear.

Obviously, the ancient sculptors on Easter Island knew this property of pumice very well. After they made the hat, instead of carrying it around, they rolled it towards Ahu and placed it on the head of the stone statue. Because when Pukao rolled on the ground, it didn't break, but the edges and corners were gone, and it became a round shape. Moreover, not all the statues on Easter Island wear hats. The statues wearing hats are just an exception. So far, only 30 hat-wearing statues have been found, and these hat-wearing statues all stand on pumice layers. There is no doubt that the hat was made near the stone statue, and then rolled onto the statue's head along the scaffolding made of stacked stones, rather than being lifted up. Many believe that Easter Island's giant stone statues were carved in the quarries of the Rano Loraq volcano before being transported to the seaside, where ahus were built for them. The statue's hat was carved in the Punapao volcano quarry and then transported to the seaside. Finally, people put giant statues on the ahu and put hats on them. This sounds reasonable, but it is not. We have already explained how the pukao was made and how it was attached to the head of the stone statue.