Related information about French writer Hugo

Victor Hugo, a French romantic writer, a representative figure of humanism, a representative writer of the active romantic literary movement in the early 19th century, and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, is known as As the "Shakespeare of France".

Victor Hugo was born on February 26, 1802, in Besan?on, France, to an officer's family. He developed a keen interest in literature in middle school. His first novel, Han Islamt, won praise from the fiction community. The relationship with Notier prompted Hugo to turn to romanticism and gradually became the leader of the romantic group. In 1827, Hugo wrote a long preface to his play "Cromwell", which is the famous Romantic literary manifesto. In the preface, Hugo opposed the classical artistic viewpoint and put forward the romantic literary proposition: insisting not to express the plot in a formulaic but concrete manner. He especially preached the principle of contrasting truth, goodness and beauty with hypocrisy, evil and ugliness. This preface occupies an important position in the history of French literary criticism.

In 1830, the public performance of Victor Hugo's romantic drama masterpiece "Onani" marked the romantic turn against antiquity.

In July 1830, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, praised those revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn those heroes who died in street fighting.

"The Hunchback of Notre Dame" published in 1831 is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twists and turns, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary.

After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. The July Dynasty continued to win over Hugo. In 1841 Hugo was elected to the French Academy. In 1845, Louis Philippe made him the Minister of the French Nobility, and he also became a member of the House of Nobles. Hugo's passion for struggle in his creation weakened. In 1843, he wrote a mystical play "The Garrison", which was booed by the audience when it was performed and failed. Victor Hugo

Victor Hugo

for this reason, he remained silent for nearly 10 years without writing.

In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the French Republic. At first Hugo did not understand revolution very well, but when the big bourgeoisie conspired to destroy the Republic of China, Hugo became a staunch communist and pacifist. In December 1851, Louis Bonaparte launched a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by the Communist Party. After Louis Bonaparte came to power, he established the Second French Empire. He implemented a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed those who resisted. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile abroad. During his exile, he wrote a political satirical poem "Punishment". Each chapter is accompanied by a policy statement of Napoleon III, which is satirized and compared with the achievements of Napoleon I and the humiliation of Napoleon III. He also wrote other political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems that severely criticized the dictatorship of Napoleon III. During this period, he published the novels "Les Misérables", "Sea Laborers" and "The Man Who Laughs".

When the "February Revolution" began in 1848, Hugo had become a staunch Republican and was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly, becoming the leader of the social democratic left in the French National Assembly. In 1851, Louis Bonaparte launched a counterrevolutionary coup. Hugo immediately issued a declaration to resist, but unfortunately failed. In December of the same year, Hugo was forced to flee to Brussels.

During his 19 years of exile, Hugo always persisted in his struggle against the dictatorship of Napoleon III and continued to write. In 1852, he published "Little Napoleon", a political pamphlet that bitterly mocked Napoleon III. In the spring of the same year, he wrote "The Beginning and End of a Crime", an angry accusation and ruthless exposure of the counterrevolutionary usurpation of power.

List of works

1821

"Han D'slande" (Novel)

1827 "Cromwell" (play)

1829 "les Orientales" (poetry)

1830 "Hernani" (play)

1831 "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (Notre-Dame de Paris) (novel)

1838 "Ruy Blas" (Script)

1853 "Les Chatiments" (Poem)

1856 "Contemplations" (Poetry)

1862 " "Les Miserables" (novel)

1866 "The Sea Laborers" (novel)

1869 "L'Homme qui Rit" (novel)

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1859-1883 "La Legende des siecles" (poetry)

1874

"Quatre-Vingt-Treize" (novel) )