The root of Dunhuang logistics loss

Talk about your own views. The loss of cultural relics in Dunhuang is mainly caused by the following people;

Stein: British explorer, who claimed to have come to Dunhuang to learn from the scriptures and cheated Wang Daoshi of a large number of Dunhuang cultural relics, was warmly sought after after after returning home, and most of the Dunhuang cultural relics were hidden in the British Museum;

(commonly known as Taoist Wang): Dunhuang cultural relics were lost from him, and he didn't understand why people blamed him until he died.

Jiang Xiaowan (Master Jiang): With his ideas and help, Stein got cultural relics from Taoist Wang and helped Stein transport them out of Dunhuang.

Werner: Leader of archaeological investigation team of Harvard University,1arrived in China in June, 924. He stripped off 26 murals in the grottoes and removed a statue of a bodhisattva. He even took several cars of tape to peel the murals.

Zhang Daqian: Zhang Daqian worships the style of Northern Wei, Sui and Tang Dynasties. In order to copy, he peeled off the outer murals of Xixia, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Because he didn't have modern knowledge and corresponding ability at all, the outer mural he stripped was completely destroyed. Professor Xiang Da from Peking University said during his inspection of this place: "Zhang Daqian, as a river and lake painter, occupied this place ... What is particularly irritating is that he stripped the murals without authorization."

Odenburg, Russia: Stein, who came early but didn't understand China culture, got more, and pelliot, who came late but was proficient in Sinology, got the best. Odenburg collects the remaining cultural relics in Dunhuang Grottoes. Those murals that have fallen off and broken into pieces, silk paintings and silk that have been trampled into mud have been cleaned up by the expedition team, all packed and brought back to Russia with the dirt and dust in the cave.

He Qiunian, governor of Xinjiang: He was responsible for transporting Dunhuang cultural relics to Beijing, but he first transported them to his home to intercept them and cut the longer paper into several sections to make up for them. These papers were sold by their children to Haneda Heng, a Japanese orientalist, at a price of 80,000 yuan per day.

Li Shengduo, a bachelor of The Cabinetshi Read: stealing Dunhuang cultural relics with He Qiunian;

Pelliot: French sinologist and explorer. Numbering all caves in Dunhuang, transcribing inscriptions and taking a large number of mural photos. All the relics in the Tibetan Sutra Cave were carefully selected, and a large number of Tibetan Sutra Cave documents, silk paintings and silk fabrics were defrauded at low prices. The writing part goes to the Oriental Writing Department of the French National Library in Tibet, and the silk paintings and books go to the Jimei Museum in Tibet.

Japan: It was seized by the investigation team and purchased from officials and businessmen.

Visible, sin has the following points;

1. Neglect and weakness of the Qing government.

Due to the closed door, people's culture and consciousness are very low.

3. The plunder of imperial forces.

In fact, the fundamental reason is the Qing government's closed-door policy. In the era of rapid development of modern culture, economy and technology, the Qing government did not have any cultural exchanges with foreign countries. Therefore, judging from the history of China, the decline of a great empire was followed by the invasion of various national cultures, which led to the confluence of cultures and the development of technology, and the birth of a new empire.

The biggest culprit in the loss of Dunhuang cultural relics can be said to be the closed door of the Qing government.