What is the Chinese composition in the 2013 Xining Junior High School Unified Examination Paper?

God knows, earth knows, and the person who produced the paper knows. And the future you will also know.

The Chinese composition in the first year of junior high school usually takes a propositional composition, and it is a narrative propositional composition. You can refer to narrative writing techniques. (See Appendix) Good luck!

Appendix:

1. A String of Beads

"A String of Beads" is a narrative that revolves around a center from multiple angles and aspects. This "line" is the "center" from the connotation of the article. From the external expression, it relies on physical objects, characters, events, time, place, and the author's thoughts and feelings, etc. This is the clue. The clue of the narrative is the main thread that runs through the entire text and connects the materials. It connects the various parts of the article into a unified and harmonious organism. If rich and vivid materials are pearls, then clues are the threads that string them together. What should be noted is that no matter what clues are taken, they must be determined flexibly and skillfully starting from the inner connection between the central idea of ??the article and the embodied materials.

Let's enjoy Bing Xin's "Laughter":

The sound of rain gradually stopped, and clear light faintly penetrated behind the curtains. Open the window and take a look, ah! The cool clouds dispersed, and the remaining drops on the leaves reflected the moon, like thousands of fluorescent lights, flickering and moving. ——I never expected that after the bitter rain and lonely lamp, there would be such a beautiful picture!

Standing by the window for a while, I felt slightly chilly. Turning around, I was suddenly dazzled. Everything else in the room was hidden in the light cloud; only the angel in the painting on the wall was immersed in the dim light. ——This angel in white is holding flowers, spreading her wings, and smiling slightly at me.

"This smile seems to have been seen somewhere before. When did I..." I unknowingly sat under the window and thought, - thinking silently.

The tightly closed curtain of my heart slowly opened, and an impression from five years ago emerged.

——A very long ancient road. The mud under the donkey's feet was slippery. The water in the ditch is gurgling. The green trees in the nearby village were all enveloped in wet smoke. The bow-like crescent moon hangs on the treetops. While walking, there seemed to be a child on the side of the road, holding a pile of bright white things. The donkey passed by and accidentally looked back. ——He was holding flowers, barefoot, and smiled slightly at me.

"It's like I've seen this smile before somewhere!" I still thought - silently.

Another inner curtain emerged, slowly opening up, and an impression from ten years ago emerged. ——The rainwater under the eaves fell on the clothes drop by drop. The water bubbles beside the earthen steps were swirling around. The wheat fields and grape trellises in front of the door were all brilliantly painted with vivid yellow and tender green. ——After a while, the rain finally cleared up, and I hurriedly walked downhill. When I saw the moon rising from the sea, I suddenly remembered that I had forgotten something, so I stopped and turned around. The old woman in this hut - she was leaning against the door, holding flowers, and smiling slightly at me. These same subtle expressions are like gossamers, fluttering together and tied together. At this time, my heart is bright and clear, as if I have ascended to a fairyland, or returned to my hometown. The three smiles that appeared in front of my eyes were temporarily melted into the harmony of love and became indistinct.

This article uses "laughter" to string together the author's recollections and descriptions of the three smiling scenes, expresses the author's pursuit of the ideal state of life - "melting in the harmony of love", and expresses the author's universal love thoughts and feelings.

2. Lens Editing

"Lens editing" is one of the processes of film production. The so-called "editing" means selecting, deleting, organizing, and arranging the captured shots into a film with a complete structure according to the requirements of the script structure and creative conception. A shot refers to a series of scenes shot by film and television. Shot editing is used in narrative writing, which refers to selecting a group of vivid pictures to express the theme. This type of article writes down the characters in an orderly manner according to stories, pictures, or fragments. Each part can be written separately and combined to form a complete chapter. This structure, also known as the "candied haws-shaped" structure, is well received for its novel form, ingenuity and refinement.

When using lens editing, please pay attention to: (1) The editing lens cannot just stay on one level. The material selection must be multi-angle and representative, and strive to reflect the theme in a three-dimensional and all-round way. (2) According to the needs of the theme, when expressing, each fragment must focus on the content, that is, express the theme from a certain aspect. (3) It is necessary to divide the complete material without cutting it into pieces. Each shot left behind should be intrinsically connected. (4) Be good at choosing big lenses. Each shot must be substantial, typical and representative. (5) There should be white space between the shots. They should not form a "comic strip" but should be jumpy. (6) Generally speaking, if there is a plot, you can edit it vertically; if the plot is not too rich, it is better to edit it horizontally. (7) The editing shots are arranged in an orderly manner, either horizontally, vertically, or logically.

The "Laughter" by Bing Xin mentioned above has three life scenes horizontally edited around the theme of "harmony of love", allowing readers to feel and think deeply about it.

3. Interweaving of time and space

When describing a more complicated matter, in the same time period, first describe the situation in place A, then describe the situation in place B, and then turn to Next, writing about the personnel and affairs of place A, this is the "interweaving of time and space" method of structuring the article. It is conducive to compact structure and concise writing.

The original high school textbook contained such a famous newsletter, titled "For the Sixty-one Class Brothers," which was about the sudden food poisoning accident among sixty-one migrant workers in Pinglu County. The author first writes about the scene of migrant workers being poisoned, then writes about the Ministry of Health receiving an emergency telegram for help, then writes about the rescue process at Pinglu Hospital, and then writes about the situation of emergency medicines being dispatched by relevant medical stores in Beijing. Such narratives are repeatedly intertwined, forming a narrative A touching song of triumph. Of course, there are certain difficulties in adopting this approach.

Sometimes, in the process of narrating an event, the author uses techniques such as interjection and supplementary narration, which can also create the feeling of "interweaving of time and space". We also include this method of plot planning into "interweaving of time and space" middle.

4. Twists and turns

"Writing seems to be like looking at mountains and not liking the flatness." Narratives should not be straightforward and avoid recording running accounts. If you can measure the water and make waves, it will be fascinating.

Let’s enjoy such a narrative below:

Election Troubles

Wei Minghu

As the end of the term approaches, it’s time to select outstanding cadres. The top four spots in the class will be democratically elected by the entire class on Wednesday afternoon. It was originally a very simple matter, but the fourth place Zhang Nan and the fifth place Wang Yun had the same votes, and Wang Yun happened to be the nephew of the class teacher, Teacher Li. Now, what was originally a simple matter became complicated. We speculated that we had to rely on the teacher's vote to decide the outcome.

Everyone was talking a lot, and who was elected suddenly became the focus of the class.

"In my opinion, Zhang Nan should be chosen, because he is better than Wang Yun in every aspect."

"Yes, I think the last spot must be his."

"That's not necessarily true. You must know that Wang Yun has the biggest advantage. He is..."

The students looked at Wang Yun's proud look and were all surprised. Somewhat aggrieved. I don't know who actually organized a few classmates to write a "letter of urging" to the teacher. In this way, the already calm classroom suddenly became excited. Some students were full of praise and praised the writing well. Some students were frightened and shouted at the top of their lungs: "It's better not to write anymore, aren't you waiting to be criticized?" Others were whispering to each other, not knowing what they were talking about.

The next morning, I walked into the classroom and saw my classmates talking in groups of three and two. I don’t know who was fanning the flames: "Now there is something good to see. Look at the teacher." How will it end?" Looking at the letter on the podium, I couldn't help but shudder.

The school bell rang, and the first class was the class teacher’s class. Teacher Li walked into the classroom with the bell ringing. The students' hearts suddenly rose to their throats. The classroom was so quiet that it was scary. Everyone hoped that the teacher would see the letter, but they were also afraid that the teacher would see the letter. Fortunately, Teacher Li walked to the podium, put down her bag and textbook, and landed on the letter. I breathed a sigh of relief. Class begins.

The students all shrank their heads and covered their faces with books. They seemed to be reading, and their attention was completely focused on the teacher's actions. As soon as the teacher faced the blackboard, the students secretly looked at the teacher through the gaps in the books. The teacher walked to the back of the classroom while reading the text, and the students followed her. As soon as the teacher raised his head, the students all turned around again with a "whoop!" and the sound of reading became louder. The teacher turned around and walked to the front of the classroom. The students listened to the sound of the teacher's leather shoes approaching, but they did not dare to turn around and look, for fear that the teacher would notice something from the fluctuating sound of reading. My palms were sweating. The bell rang. The students let out a long breath, and the stones in their hearts seemed to have fallen to the ground. But Teacher Li did not leave immediately and broke the silence: "Through repeated comparisons and careful thinking, I think Zhang Nan's work performance is outstanding. My vote goes to Zhang Nan." The students were all shocked. It was a round of applause.

"No!" someone shouted. Everyone, look at me, I look at you, and focus your attention on the podium. I prayed silently in my heart: "Don't let the teacher find out about that letter." But things seemed to be going against everyone. Just when the teacher picked up the bag and stood up to leave, the letter floated in the wind brought by the bag. When we got to the ground, the strings that everyone had just loosened suddenly tightened again. Teacher Li picked up the letter, opened it, read it, and said with a smile: "So many people support my point of view. I am very happy to have so many close friends." My heart was churning up and down, whether it was relief, surprise, annoyance, or Trust or admiration...

The contradiction in the selection at the beginning of this article is who exactly Teacher Li voted for, and the suspense suddenly arises. The students' indignant discussions and Wang Yun's triumphant demeanor created waves, foreshadowing what was about to happen. The classmates’ “letters of urging” stirred up the trouble, but the teacher in class didn’t even notice the carefully designed “letter of urging”, and everyone’s tense hearts immediately relaxed. Just when things were about to calm down, the "letter of urging" floated to the ground again. The whole text is full of waves.

With twists and turns, you can use clever foreshadowing, designed coincidences, misunderstandings, sudden changes in focus, and reverse and reverse methods, etc.

With twists and turns, the "twists and turns" must be reasonable and make readers feel reasonable and unexpected, so that it can be fascinating. However, the "twists and turns" that are divorced from life and deliberately mysterious will not only fail to attract readers, but will also be counterproductive.

5. If you want to promote, suppress first.

"If you want to promote, suppress first" and "If you want to suppress first, raise" are two opposite layout methods. "Suppression" first is for the purpose of "raising" later. ", "Yi" is to contrast "Yang". When using this writing technique, it must be natural and reasonable, and must not be far-fetched or blunt. Let's enjoy the following article:

I tore off the title page

Hai Chenchuan

I met her within a few months, and we fell in love in a hurry Separated, what is her name, I have never asked, and I never want to know. Because the memories deep in the memory are unbearable to look back on——

She and I met in a physics competition. She wore a red and black plaid coat and a pair of glasses. To be honest, I don't like her. However, among all the students participating in the competition, she and I were the only ones from the same school, and both were girls. I couldn't stand the loneliness, so I started chatting with her. Although this way of talking was not clever, we became "friends" after all. This time we met, I actually forgot to ask her name. A few months later, she and I met again at a group party. It was a night in early summer. She was wearing a milky white dress, standing shyly in the middle of the brightly lit hall, and recited a little poem she composed: "...I praise the whiteness of snow, which has a pure and refined quality. Beautiful..." This poem couldn't help but make me moved by it, as I was already tired of rock songs. For the first time and the last time, I felt her beauty, her quietness.

I secretly wrote down this little poem and copied it on the title page of my diary.

The two months before graduation are the most stressful. In the physics improvement class, I met her for the third time. At that time, the practice paper questions were very difficult. Many students in our improvement class failed, and she and I were no exception. The physics teacher has published another exercise paper.

Before the test was over, I had already finished it. I was impatient and looked around. Suddenly, I saw a book spread out on her lap, and she was flipping through it nervously.

I was completely dumbfounded, and then filled with resentment and contempt in my heart. This time we met, I became estranged from her. I didn't want to look her in the eyes, and I tried my best to avoid her, because I knew that the more I saw her, the more embarrassed I would be.

She can create things and manipulate people. I met her again in the school debate competition. She was a contestant. Incredibly, the title of her speech was - "On the Dangers of Cheating in Examinations." She was still wearing the white dress, still a little shy, but the difference was that this time she was a little more excited. Watching her speak eloquently, I felt dizzy.

"I am ashamed of cheating on exams. The scores I get by doing this are not just..." These barbed words wink at me ruthlessly like mocking eyes. I sat weakly and looked at her indifferently, but my thoughts were firm in my heart - "I look down on you!" She won the second prize for this speech.

The audience burst into warm applause. I was the only one who didn't applaud. The first thing I did after returning home was to tear up the title page of the diary where the poem was written...

This article uses the circumflex method to describe "her" "The technique of "suppressing the desire first to promote it". There is a sharp "contrast" relationship between "I" and "she". The author first met her in an examination hall. Later, when I saw her dress as white as snow and heard her reciting a poem praising snow, "I" developed a crush on her; but in another physics exam, she cheated, which made me develop a crush on her. The emotion of contempt, and what makes me hate it even more is that she actually talked about the shame of cheating in her speech. She doesn't live up to her words, her appearance is inconsistent with her heart, and I despise her. The author pinned his emotional changes on one detail: he wrote the poem on the title page of his diary, and then angrily tore the title page off. The author's emotional changes were smooth, natural and reasonable.

6. Interspersed flow

In the process of narration, insert some plot-related content to enrich the content of the article. This method used in plot planning is called interspersed flow. The technique of interspersed flow is a special use of narrative. For example, Wang Anyi's "Rain, Rustle" describes a girl who walked home without taking the bus on a rainy night. Her thoughts flowed along the way. The article repeatedly inserted into the deep consciousness activities of the girl's heart, reflecting the girl's longing for a better future. yearning and pursuit. Don’t use too many interspersions. Too many interspersions will affect the coherence of the article itself.

7. Cleverly create suspense

Give a hint at the front of the content that will be shown later in the article, but do not answer it immediately, so as to arouse the reader's curiosity and interest and make them eager to read on. urgent mood. The beginning of such an article is called a suspense. Its advantage is that it can avoid structural monotony and make the plot of the article ups and downs and fascinating. Let's enjoy the following article:

Pomegranate flowers are blooming

Ni Ling

Pomegranate flowers are blooming, and the branches are full of layers...

In the dusk, I came to Yun’s grave as promised with a few freshly bloomed pomegranate flowers...

In my memory, Yun and I met in the library. Everything seemed to be a coincidence. She and I picked up the book "Jude the Obscure" at the same time. Almost at the same time, we both made polite gestures and then smiled at each other. I said: "Lady first." She said "Thank you" and sat down at the table opposite me. In the next few days, we met in the library almost every day, and we just smiled politely and said nothing to each other. Suddenly one day, she asked me whether I sympathized with Jude or Hardy, and I said I sympathized with both. She seemed to agree with my answer and nodded slightly. She then asked me if I had read "Jane Eyre". I said that I had only heard of it and had no chance to read it. She said she really liked some of the lines Jane Eyre said at the Manor, and she improvised them for me. The next day she brought me the copy of "Jane Eyre" with a pomegranate flower in the middle. She said she liked pomegranate flowers. At that time, I always wondered how a girl like her, who was moved to tears by flowers, could like pomegranate flowers.

I originally thought she would like the white and elegant flowers like gardenia and jasmine.

It can be said that books established a deep friendship between us, and I began to understand her slowly, at least I think so. One afternoon, she invited me to watch the Leo constellation meteor shower together. I wholeheartedly agreed, maybe because I am also a Leo. That night she asked me if I liked shooting stars. I said that although it was beautiful, it was too short-lived. She said that as long as she once had it, there was nothing more she could ask for. During the conversation, a shooting star streaked across the night sky, and she immediately made a wish. I asked if I could talk about it, but she didn't answer. She just asked me if I would shed tears if one day she passed away like a meteor. I laughed at her for being too sentimental. Then he used a line to give to her: There are no mountains and mausoleums, and the heaven and the earth are in harmony, so I dare to be with you. That time she smiled, her smile was so bright, like a shooting star, maybe more like a pomegranate flower.

Ever since we watched the shooting stars together, we have not gone to the library because we were busy with exams. One day I suddenly received a letter from Yun, asking me to go to the hospital to see her. I rushed to the hospital and found her in the hematology ward. She was lying on the white hospital bed, looking very haggard and pale. She seemed to be struggling to get up when she saw me. However, in fact, she was already dying. I saw the situation and hurriedly helped her up. I didn't say much because I didn't want her to be too tired. For a long time, she asked me to help her take care of her pomegranate tree. She said that she was sorry that she could not be friends with me for life, and hoped that she could become the first pomegranate in the next year. With tears in my eyes, I silently prayed for her, wishing that everything would be fine for her...

I carefully took care of Yun's pomegranate tree, watching it bloom the first and second... and watching The little inconspicuous flowers bear fiery red pomegranates. I think I have fully understood Yun, at least I would think so if Yun were alive.

At the beginning of the article, the fiery red pomegranate flowers blooming with branches and the desolate grave of a girl are written. The two colors are awkward, creating a contrast in the scene, which is suspense of contrast. Then recalling the process of interacting with Yun, this is flashback suspense. The girl who is moved to tears actually likes pomegranate flowers, which makes people feel strange. This is an object suspense. The article is full of suspense, but I don't know what the author's intention is. After finally reading the full text, we suddenly realized that Yun loved the life as red as a pomegranate, but she left us like a shooting star with a dream like a pomegranate flower. Her blazing love for life, her calmness about the passing of life, and her bright smile like a pomegranate flower will remain in our memories forever. The implication here is far-reaching. The suspense caused by the pomegranate flowers runs through the whole text. It moves around with the objects and is laid out layer by layer. It is fresh and lively but also contains a hint of sadness, allowing people to realize the true meaning of life in the midst of sorrow and joy. The use of suspense gives the article a breathtaking artistic effect.

8. Winding paths lead to seclusion

Yang Shuo's prose "Lychee Honey" is intended to praise the noble qualities of the working people through bees, and to express his willingness to learn from the working people. However, the article does not directly address this theme, but expresses the theme in a tortuous manner by showing the author's changes in thoughts and feelings about bees. The author begins by writing that he is "full of emotions" towards bees, then writes that he "wanted to see bees" after eating lychee honey, and then writes about the hard work of bees and the introduction of beekeepers. The article ends with the author dreaming of "turning into a little bee." It can be seen that "winding paths lead to seclusion" refers to a writing technique that does not go straight to the point and express one's heart directly, but gradually reveals the theme through twists and turns.

When using the "winding path leading to seclusion" method, you should pay attention to two points: (1) "winding path" is the means, "leading to seclusion" is the purpose, and the means must serve the purpose; (2) the twists and turns of the writing It should be appropriate and measured, and don't make twists and turns for the sake of twists and turns.

9. Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing is also called foreshadowing. In order to highlight the main characters or things, other characters or things are laid out as a backing. Use foreshadowing writing. It is to build up momentum and highlight the main idea of ??the article.

For example, the first paragraph of Du Mu's "Ode to Afang Palace" strives to describe the grand scale of Afang Palace and the magnificence of the architecture; the second paragraph strives to exaggerate the number of beauties and the wealth of treasures in Afang Palace; the third paragraph contains Narrative and discussion, it discusses that the rulers of the Qin Dynasty were extravagant and lustful, and built palaces in large numbers, which led to the inevitable fall of the country and the destruction of the palaces. In the last fourth paragraph, the author started with "woohoo" and made a deep discussion and sigh, pointing out that the Qin Dynasty If the ruler can love the people of the world, the country will not be defeated, which shows that the fall of Qin is a profound lesson. In this poem, the description and rendering in the first two paragraphs pave the way for the discussion in the next two paragraphs. The description and rendering are the basis of the discussion, and the discussion reveals the theme and highlights the purpose of the article. This is the purpose of setting the stage.

You should pay attention to two points when using foreshadowing techniques: (1) Pay attention to the part of the narration that is well written. Only by writing this part fully can you effectively build up momentum. (2) The use of bedding should be natural. If you use bedding for bedding and pile it up too much, it will expose artificial traces, and the effect will be counterproductive.

10. Seeing the big from the small

"Seeing the big from the small" means to select small and distinctive things when writing, and reveal the society through specific narratives and vivid descriptions. The profound nature of an aspect of life that provides awareness, education, enlightenment, or interest. Yu Dafu said: "The world can be seen in a grain of sand, and human feelings can be said in half a flower." This can be summed up the characteristic of "seeing the big in the small". Let’s enjoy the following college entrance examination essay:

Calendar of Life

Zhejiang No. 1 candidate

Tear it off one by one, each one is entrusted to you hope. ——Title

I don’t know how long it has been since I visited her. It's just that there are still vague traces of her childhood. There are shiny silver threads on her face, traces of years of precipitation.

"Dingling Bell", a phone ring in the morning woke me up from my sleep, and the moment I hung up the phone, I stunned. It felt like the world was engulfing me in an instant - my grandma was in a car accident. When I rushed to the hospital, she was already lying in the intensive care center. Tears welled up in an instant. Taking my grandfather's advice, I went back to my hometown to get a change of clothes.

It’s still that old house, full of the taste and memories of my childhood. Hesitantly walked up to the attic. When I walked into the bedroom, the smell in my memory rushed out, it was her smell. At a glance, I saw several large calendars on the desk, which were messily torn into pieces. I walked over and took a look. The front of the calendar was ordinary, with ordinary dates, but the words on the back stunned me: "February 2003, Nannan went home with her parents today." "May 2003, Nannan went home with her parents today." Call me today and ask me to put on more clothes.” “July 2004, my daughter is taking the entrance exam today.” “February 2005, I saw my daughter’s photo today.” “March 2005, my daughter is three months old. Not back." "February 2006. My daughter hasn't called me for a long time." I flipped through all the torn-out calendars like crazy. Above are the detailed days and what happened between me and her, as of the hour and minute. I couldn't believe it, but I remembered painfully how she wrote this bit by bit at the table with her reading glasses in front of the dim light. How long has it been since I came back? How long has it been since I called? Is it the busyness of school, or the alienation and indifference of growing up? And how could she place her hopes on these calendars, expecting me to be the coquettish girl she was when I was a child again?

I packed up the calendars, each filled with her hopes, and returned to the hospital. Looking at her still sleeping in front of the hospital bed with her head covered with white gauze, tears burst out again. I held her hand tightly and silently begged God not to take her away from me.

The face on the bed is still the face that loved me and loved me when I was a child, with its shiny silver threads and the calmness between its brows and eyes. I quietly put the last piece of calendar paper filled with my wishes into her hand and murmured: "Grandma, wake up quickly, my daughter is here to see you, she will not let you count the calendar anymore. , wake up quickly...

This is an article that uses touching details in life to express the grand and profound theme of love, giving people deep thought and inspiration