Administrative divisions of Mangya administrative region

1980, Golmud was established as a city, and 7 177.6438+08 square kilometers south of Naleng Guo Le in Mangya Town were transferred to Golmud City, with an area of 38,327.82 square kilometers.

1May, 984, when Mangya Committee was established, it governed two towns (Mangya Town and Lenghu Town) with an area of 54,002.82 square kilometers.

1984 10, Gasi Township was established, with three animal husbandry villages under its jurisdiction.

1March, 985, Huatugou Town was established.

1 February 1992, after Lenghu Town was separated from Mangya, Mangya governed two towns1township, covering an area of 3 1955.22 square kilometers.

In 2005, Gasi Township was revoked and merged into Huatugou Town. Mangya, surrounded by mountains on three sides and low in the middle, is a small basin in Qaidam Basin, which is self-contained. The terrain of the whole area is high in the west and low in the east, tilting from northwest to southeast. On the border between Qinghai and New Zealand, the Mount Gasmunk in Kunlun is covered with snow all year round, with an altitude of 5,684 meters, which is the highest mountain in China. Alar and Ga Schooler Lake are 2,840 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in China. Huatugou Town, the resident of the Executive Committee, is 2940 meters above sea level.

High mountains account for about 1/5 of the total area of the whole territory, and surround the western part of the jurisdiction in the form of south, west and north. Gasu Mountain in Kunlun Mountain and Gasu Mountain in Chahan Tuoluogai in Altun Mountain meet at the western border. All the mountains are barren hills, with exposed rocks and obvious weathering, and gullies and rockfills are relatively developed.

The hills account for about 1/5 of the total area of the whole territory, which is a part of Altun Mountain, and the slope of the mountain decreases from northwest to southeast. The mountain is composed of gravel, gravel and bare rock, and there are quicksand or sand dunes in the mountain.

Desert, Gobi and mobile sand dunes account for 1/2 of the total area of the whole territory, and are distributed in the northwest of Laomangya, Huanggualiang Xi, the south of Iligou, the north of Huatugou, the lower part of alluvial fan at the northern foot of Gashan and in front of Wulan Wuzhuer Mountain. The height of sand dunes varies from 0.3 meters to 70 meters, which is highly mobile and often invades grasslands and highways.

The plain swamp area accounts for110 of the total area of the whole territory. The alluvial-diluvial plain is located in Gasi grassland, which is formed by the alluvial-diluvial deposits of Aral Sea and Ga Schooler Lake. The outer edge of the plain is undulating, and the Schooler Lake in the center is flat. The surface runoff and groundwater of Mangya mainly come from active glaciers and snowmelt water in Kunlun Mountain.

surface water

Alar River (Timur River and Hongshui River) is located in the west of Gasi Grassland, which originates from the swamp of the branch of Kunlun Mountain in Xinjiang. There are Sbaric River in the north and Adatan River in the south, and then they dive into the ground and flow into the territory of Manya from west to east. In Timur and Daheba areas, many springs have surfaced, merged into several parallel rivers and flowed into Ga Schooler Lake. The river reaches in the territory are 50 kilometers long, with an average annual runoff of 9290 cubic meters, an average annual runoff of 2.96 cubic meters per second, a runoff depth of 7.2 millimeters, a large sediment concentration and a turbid river. Daheba River (Kalmaling River) is located in the southwest of the jurisdiction. It originates from many springs in Daheba swamp and belongs to the undercurrent of Adatan River. It is 30km long and 1 km wide. The Aral Sea flows into Ga Schooler Lake from west to east, with an annual runoff of 400 cubic meters, a runoff depth of 5 mm and a clear river. In addition, the melting water of snow and ice in Wulan Wuzhuer Mountain and Gashan Mountain has formed several seasonal rivers. General situation of lakes in the area where Mangya Lake is located (square kilometers) Remarks on Ga Schooler Lake

The south of Huatugou Town (Gasol) 122.7 is replenished by rivers and undercurrents such as Alar River and Daheba River, with the maximum water depth of 13m, salinity of 343.4g/L and abundant salt reserves. Rich in aquatic plants, it is an inland saltwater lake 0.32 northwest of Mangya Lake in Qinghai Bird Reserve, which is replenished by snow melting and infiltration water from Kunlun Mountain. The sediment at the bottom of the lake is mainly gypsum. There are many springs in the east, south and west of the lake, and there is only a fresh water lake at 0. 12 between Mangya asbestos mine and agriculture and forestry service area in Mengdarik Lake. Glaciers are distributed in Kunlun Mountain and Gashan Mountain at the junction of Qinghai and Xinjiang, covering an area of about 65.

underground water

Mangya groundwater is divided into four categories: bedrock groundwater in mountainous areas, loose rock pore water in plain areas, tertiary oilfield water and groundwater in frozen soil areas. Fresh water is mainly distributed in the southern and western piedmont areas and Lake Gass. Glaciers and snow melt and flow out of the mountain pass, and then immerse themselves in the underground of the piedmont flood plain, with a diving depth of about 40 meters. The surface water and groundwater of rivers in China change frequently, and a large number of rivers are replenished by underground undercurrents. The groundwater on both sides of the lake is buried 50 to 70 cm deep, forming many springs. Salt water and brine are widely distributed, mainly in Dalangtan, Niubiziliang, Cucumber Liang and Uswantan. Tertiary oilfield water is distributed in the northeast of Huatugou town and Huangfengshan area. Mangya area is rich in mineral resources. At present, 26 kinds of minerals such as oil, natural gas, asbestos, celestite, mirabilite and potassium salt, 77 producing areas and 8 large-scale deposits have been preliminarily proved.

Oil and gas

The oil fields and natural gas fields in Mangya area are all distributed in Mangya depression area, mainly oil. Among them, structural reservoirs are mainly distributed in tertiary oil-bearing areas in southwest China, including Qigequan, Shizigou, Huatugou, Youshashan, Gashu, Shaxi, Yuejin No.2, Liuhongquan, Youyuangou and Wu Nan, with an oil-bearing area of 99.6 square kilometers and geological reserves of 1.3454 billion tons. Tectonic fractured reservoirs are mainly distributed in tertiary oil-bearing areas in northwest China, including Jiandingshan, Nanyishan, Xianshuiquan, Youquanzi, Ketemilika and other oilfields, with an oil-bearing area of 34 1 km2 and a geological reserve of 33.376 million tons. By the end of 265438+the beginning of the 20th century, the proven petroleum geological reserves in China were 295.3 million tons, and the natural gas1.301.80 billion cubic meters, accounting for 93% of the proven petroleum geological reserves in Qinghai Province.

asbestos

Mangya Asbestos Mine is located in the south edge of the middle section of Altun Mountain, with an area of 65.5 square kilometers. It belongs to ultra-basic rock type transverse fiber serpentine asbestos mine. The ore is mainly massive and breccia, and the cotton veins are mostly net veins and veinlets. By the beginning of the 20th century, the proven asbestos reserves in China were 44.54 million tons.

Potash ore

Potash mines in China are divided into liquid potash mines and solid potash mines. By the 1980s, the proven reserves of Dalangtan potassium ore field were 62.66 million tons of potassium chloride, 578 million tons of magnesium chloride, 0/65438+66 million tons of magnesium sulfate, 534/0/438 tons of sodium sulfate and 0/438 tons of sodium chloride. Gashu potassium magnesium salt deposit has proven reserves of 4.347 million tons of potassium chloride, 6.5438+0.99 million tons of magnesium chloride, 6.5438+0.42 million tons of magnesium sulfate, 380 million tons of sodium chloride and 76,500 tons of lithium chloride.

sodium sulfate

China is rich in mirabilite reserves, including 1 super-large deposit (Chahanslatu mirabilite deposit), 2 large deposits (Yiligou and Nanyishan mirabilite deposit) and 5 medium-sized deposits with shallow burial and high grade. By the 1980s, the proven reserves were 6.238 billion tons.

Strontium ore

By the 1980s, the proven reserves of celestite in Dafengshan strontium ore field were141830,000 tons of B+C+D grade, and most of strontium sulfate existed in the form of celestite single mineral, and the concentrate strontium sulfate grade was over 80%. The proven D-grade ore quantity of Jiandingshan strontium deposit is 174.438+00000 tons, and the content of strontium sulfate in secondary celestite is over 90%. By the beginning of 2 1 century, the proven reserves of celestite in Dafeng and Jiandingshan mining areas were159.29 million tons.

In addition, there are a large number of coal, limestone, talc, serpentine, halite, iron ore, gold and silver ore, boron ore and other mineral deposits in Mangya. Animal resources

There are few species of wild animals in Mangya area, but there are many large animals, mainly inhabiting Aral Nature Reserve. By the 1990s, 46 species of mammals had been found in China, such as wild yak, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle, argali, rock sheep, white-lipped deer, white-rumped deer, Tibetan wild donkey, musk deer, snow leopard, wolf, wild camel, Tibetan fox, lynx and Tibetan hamster. 67 species of birds were found, such as little gray plover, great egret, red rock, golden eagle, vulture, swan, red duck, black-necked crane, rock pigeon, pheasant and so on. Reptiles include sand lizards in Qinghai and horse lizards in dense spots. Fish include grass carp, carp, crucian carp and plateau loach with back spots.

plant resources

In the desert Gobi around Laomangya, there are plants such as salsa, Suaeda salsa, Haloxylon ammodendron, Ceratoides arborescens, Wang Ba of Gansu, Stipa Gobi, Stipa spinosa, Populus euphratica, Artemisia arenaria, and Salix microcarpa. Gasi grassland is rich in aquatic plants, including reed, Stipa purpurea, Salsola salsola, Agropyron cristatum, Nitraria tangutorum, Salix psammophila, Sedum mongolicum, Artemisia argyi, Ranunculus Ranunculus, Sophora alopecuroides and Allium mongolicum. In addition, there are medicinal plants such as rhubarb, licorice, Saussurea involucrata, ephedra, medlar, Cynomorium songaricum and apocynum venetum. Before the founding of New China, there were only a few Mongolian, Uygur and Kazakh herders in Mangya. In 1950s, Mangya began industrial development, and a large number of migrants poured in, with the population reaching 15573 from 1956. 196 1 year, due to policy factors, a large number of projects were demolished and personnel were streamlined and decentralized. 1964 population decreased to 2850. Since then, the population has gradually picked up. 1969, 1979, 14735,1990,27330 has a total population of 8,298. In 2000, there were 5,605 households in Mangya Administrative Region, with a total population of 1, 65 10/and a population density of 0.5 1/km2. In 20 10, the total population of Mangya Administrative Region was 310/7, including male 17884 and female 1365438. The registered population is 35713; Urban population 3 1007, rural population 1 1.

As of 20 13, there are13,989 households in Mangya Administrative Region with a registered population of 34,000. The primary industry of Mangya is almost entirely animal husbandry. 20 13 years, employees of Mangya primary industry 132 people; The added value of the primary industry/kloc-0.093 million yuan, all of which is the output value of animal husbandry.

animal husbandry

Since ancient times, domestic residents have been living on animal husbandry. 1950, there were more than 50 households grazing in Mangya, and the total number of livestock was about 15000. In 1950s, a large number of cattle, sheep and camels moved from other places to farms and pastures. Alar Ranch was founded in 196 1, and animal husbandry has developed rapidly. In the 1970s, there was a grassland dispute with Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, and the loss of animal husbandry was serious. 1983 implements the animal husbandry contract responsibility system. In 1984, livestock are raised by families at a fixed price. There are 234 people in 45 households and 20,800 livestock (only).

In 20 12, there were 90 households with 280 people in 3 animal husbandry villages in China, with 9.445 million mu of natural grassland and 37,700 heads of livestock. In 20 13, there were 39,900 sheep and 200 cows in Mangya. The total output of meat is 337 tons, the output of milk is 52 tons, and the output value of animal husbandry is 654.38+009.3 million yuan.

agriculture

195 1 year, the anti-bandit troops of the People's Liberation Army stationed in Aral, reclaimed more than 10,000 mu of land, and planted wheat, highland barley and vegetables. 1954 was abandoned after the troops retreated. 1In April, 957, Qinghai Provincial Animal Husbandry Department and Dachaidan Camel Farm established a farm in Alar, reclaiming more than 50,000 mu and planting wheat, highland barley, oats, barley, peas, potatoes, rape, etc. , with livestock 17800, and mining crystals, copper mines and asbestos. The farm is in 196 1. Because of the heavy sandstorm, the soil is seriously salinized, and the crops have failed year after year, resulting in losses. 1958, Mangya Working Committee opened an organ farm in Laomangya artesian well, reclaiming 50 mu. 1960, there was an upsurge of land reclamation in Qaidam. Various government agencies and units in Mangya successively reclaimed 22,000 mu in Alar and Daheba, and reclaimed14,300 mu. 1976 Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau set up workers' farm in Qikelike grassland, 1978 reclaimed land 1000 mu planted highland barley and vegetables, 198 1 year cancelled. 198 1 year, alar set up an intellectual youth agricultural team to try to grow highland barley and vegetables, which was soon cancelled. Since then, Mangya has not had any agricultural production activities. Since the mid-1950s, the geological department has carried out a large-scale geological survey in Mangya, which opened the prelude to the development of resources in Mangya and even Qaidam. During the Great Leap Forward, Mangya small coal mine, crystal mine, mica mine, borax mine, iron mine, copper mine and brick kiln were launched one after another, but they were soon closed. In 1960s and 1970s, the annual output of Mangya crude oil was about 8000 ~ 65438+ 10,000 tons, and the average annual output of asbestos was less than 65438+ 10,000 tons. In 1980s, the production capacity of Gashu Oilfield expanded, and Mangya asbestos mine built a new concentrator10.2 million tons, and the development of Mangya resources gradually took shape. In 1990s, the annual output of crude oil exceeded 6,543,800 tons, and the annual output of asbestos increased to 42,000 tons. Newly built 200,000-ton potash fertilizer plant and 300,000-ton celestite concentrator. After 2000, the output of Mangya crude oil exceeded 2 million tons, basically forming an industrial development pattern dominated by oil and gas industry, salt lake industry and asbestos building materials. Qinghai Oilfield is a national key oil and gas production enterprise. 201/kloc-0 produces 7130,000 tons of oil and gas equivalent per year, realizes operating income174.6 billion yuan, and pays taxes of 4.3 billion yuan. Mangya Asbestos Mine is a national large-scale asbestos mining and dressing joint enterprise with an annual production capacity of 65,438+200,000 tons.

In 20 12, the output of Mangya asbestos 1360 tons (excluding Mangya asbestos mine) decreased by10.9% compared with 201; The output of lake salt is 470 tons, which is 43.3% higher than that of 20 1 1. The output of brine is 65,438+0,540 tons, which is 23.8% lower than that of 2065,438+0. The output of mirabilite 1. 1.7 million tons, which is 4.8% lower than that of 20 1. The output of potash fertilizer was 4,654.38+0.9 million tons, an increase of 36.2% compared with 2065,438+0,654,38+0. In 20 13, there were 6 industrial enterprises above designated size in Mangya, with an average of 28,358 employees. The main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size19.275 billion yuan, and the total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size is 28.287 billion yuan. In 20 13 years, the total industrial output value of Mangya was 6,993.4 million yuan; There are 3,698 employees in the secondary industry, and the added value of the secondary industry is 765,438+24.78 million yuan. In ancient times, Mangya was the only place where the "Silk Auxiliary Road" passed. When the Hexi Corridor was not smooth, it often flourished and was in an intermittent state.

1946 Xining-Mangya Qingxin Highway completed. 1955, 502km of Golmud-Laomangya-Youshashan-Jinhongshan Highway was built. 1956 Rebuilding Chamang Highway (Chaka-Mangya) and Dangmang Highway (Dangjinshan-Mangya). 1966, reconstruction of qingxin highway, designated as national highway 3 15. In 1980s, roads from Laomangya to Dafeng Mountain and from Lenghu to Dafeng Mountain were built one after another.

Chamang Highway (National Highway 3 15) is 969 kilometers long. Entering in Yiligou, passing through Huanggualiang, Laomangya and Youshashan, leaving in Mangya Town, with a total length of 286 kilometers. The total length of Dangmang Highway is 267 kilometers, from Dangjinshankou along the southern foot of Altai Mountain, through Sugan Lake, Dingkou, Aobaoliang, Niubiziliang and Dafeng Mountain, to Cucumber Beam, and it joins Chamang Highway to Mangya, with a total length of 94 kilometers. Huage Highway (Huatugou-Golmud) is 430 kilometers long. It enters Gansen in the southeast and meets Chamang Highway at Laomangya in the northwest, with a length of 19 1 km.

By 20 13, the mileage of Mangya Highway is 525.3 kilometers, with 5,250 civilian cars and 220 taxis. 20 14 Mangya Tourism Committee Huatugou Town newly built bus station. Tardin air station

The aviation station is located 425km away from Geman Highway, and it is 20km away from Laomangya 1 19 in the west. /kloc-0 was completed in June, 1956, and the first flight test of/kloc-0 was successful in September, 1956. 1957 65438+1The route of Ta 'er Temple-Xining-Baotou-Beijing was opened on October 4th and suspended on February 9th. Due to the shortage of tourists, the air station was closed in June of that year and cancelled at the end of the year. In the past six months, the air station has completed 57 flights, including 37 professional flights of geological railways, 2 chartered flights of civil aviation 16, and 2 special flights of the Air Force.

huatugou airport

Huatugou airport is a civil airport, located about 5.3 kilometers southeast of Huatugou town, with an altitude of 2906 meters. On February 30th, 20 1 1, the foundation stone was laid, and the construction officially started on June 6th, 20 13. The airport runway is 3.6 kilometers long, and the terminal building area is 3,000 square meters, which is built according to the civil aviation 4C standard. It is estimated that by 2020, the annual passenger throughput of the airport will be 90,000 passengers, the cargo and mail throughput will be 100 tons, and the aircraft will take off and land 1 150 sorties.