Imagination is more important than experience in writing.

1. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Imagination is a kind of creative thinking ability, which is indispensable for both poetry and writing.

Because Einstein said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." Someone asked: What did the snow become when it melted? The average person will answer: it has become water.

A classmate: The snow melted and turned into spring. Someone asked: What are the chalk dots on the blackboard? The average person answers: like chalk dots.

Yes, but it's like learning, popcorn, stars in the sky ... these imaginations are free and beautiful Qin Mu's Flower City is written with rich imagination.

"Flower City" has changed from flower market to Guangzhou into a beautiful flower city; Thinking of the motherland from the Flower City is like a big garden in full bloom in spring. Think about the power of working people to transform nature from precious flowers; Think of the public's aesthetic vision from the grand occasion of the flower market ... without imagination, there is no creation. To make the article novel, imagination is essential.

Note: This article is an essay with few words.

Imagination is more important than knowledge. Who has Confucius said: "Knowing is not as good as being good, and being good is not as good as being happy."

From the perspective of learning, my interpretation of these two sentences is: first of all, we should have a desire or "curiosity" to explore and study problems, which is "knowing"; Further, it is "good" to have a strong interest in the research problems; Furthermore, taking pleasure in studying problems is a higher ideological realm, that is, "music." Su Shi, a great litterateur in the Song Dynasty, famously said, "Learn from others' strengths, and accumulate wealth and thin hair".

The term "reading widely, taking the contract" here means "absorbing the essence and essence of books when reading widely", which is consistent with Mr. Hua's thought of "from thin to thick, and then from thick to thin". The original meaning of "thin hair" here is "don't express your opinions casually", and later generations extended "thick accumulation and thin hair" to "extract the essence from a large amount of knowledge or material accumulation, and then write a book."

Nash, the hero of the film A Beautiful Mind, won the Nobel Prize in Economics mainly by his four papers on non-cooperative games (33 pages in total). Ceng Jiong (1897- 1940), a famous mathematician in China, studied in Germany in his early years. He wrote and published three famous papers that shocked the world, making him one of the 1 1 algebras that made great contributions to the development of modern algebra in the 20th century.

These are all examples of "thick accumulation and thin hair". The principle of my scientific research is also "learn more, earn more", and my motto is: "Don't want a book, but the article lasts forever."

In other words, instead of pursuing the quantity and length of articles, we should pay attention to the quality of articles and make substantial contributions in related research fields. The best hope is that some achievements can be preserved for a long time. To my delight, I achieved the latter goal in probability theory and several results of martingale theory.

Several of my papers published in the 1980s are still cited by the literature, and more than 30 foreign monographs have cited my papers or works (or listed as references). When I wrote the book "Lectures on Measurement Theory" for graduate students, I also followed the principle of "learning extensively, and many a mickle makes a mickle". At that time, I consulted many monographs on measurement theory at home and abroad, absorbed the essence of them, and wrote the most useful measurement theory achievements in my scientific research into the book.

This book has been used by many universities as a teaching material for graduate students in probability and statistics. Up to now, it has been printed six times and distributed 65,438+05,200 copies. 1. Innovative researchers should strive to innovate when they are engaged in research.

What is innovation? It doesn't mean that others haven't done it. What you have done is innovation. Innovation work must be important first. In C. R. Rao's Statistics and Truth (Chinese translation, Science Press, 2004), the author has the following discussion on innovation: "There can be different types of innovation.

The highest level of innovation is to produce a new idea and a new theory, which can't be derived from the existing theory at all ... Another level of innovation refers to a new discovery within an existing law, and this new discovery is of great significance in a special field. "Einstein's theory of relativity, the calculus established by Newton and Leibniz, and the' chaos theory' of American meteorologist Lorenz are all the highest level of innovation.

The vast majority of scientific research and innovation work are major discoveries in a special field. Any innovation work does not appear out of thin air, even the highest level of innovation is based on the achievements of predecessors. For example, Einstein's theory of relativity is also based on the research of mathematical theories such as the measurement of light speed and Lorentz transformation.

How to achieve certain innovation in scientific research? My personal experience is: first of all, there must be long-term knowledge accumulation, which is the basis of innovation. For example, in the mid-1980s, I switched from martingale theory to the study of white noise analysis, and I was able to make some basic achievements in this field quickly, thanks to the solid foundation of universal function analysis I laid in the university.

For another example, in a paper from 65438 to 0980, I flexibly applied the separation theorem of convex sets in functional analysis to the characterization of a class of convex sets composed of integrable random variables. This paper was not only used to simplify the proof of semi-martingale characterization theorem at that time, but also became the main tool to prove the "basic theorem of asset pricing" in financial mathematics after 10, and it is still frequently cited in financial mathematics literature.

I often use the motto "if a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first" to persuade my graduate students to lay a good foundation and practice basic skills. Second, choose your research topic.

How to choose a topic? The most convenient way is to read the summary articles written by the leading figures in your research field, so as to understand the research status, existing important work and unresolved problems in this field, and then further study the important documents with original achievements. When choosing a topic, you should dare to take risks and aim at those challenging problems.

For example, during my visit to France on 1985, I learned that Deere type is a very promising direction, so I wrote to Comrade Ma Zhiming, who had just obtained a doctorate at that time, and asked him to organize two of my doctoral students to report the monograph of Fukushima, a Deere type expert, in the discussion class, and set Deere type as their doctoral thesis direction. Later, Ma Zhiming made a major breakthrough in the field of Dirichlet type and was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences in 1995.

This proves that I chose the right direction at that time. For another example, when I observed that many international stochastic analysts turned to financial mathematics research in the late 1980s, I felt it necessary to explore this new field in China, so I took the lead in taking financial mathematics as my doctoral research direction in China, from 65438 to 0994.

Third, we should have rich imagination and keen intuition. Many innovative works link seemingly unrelated phenomena, which is a complex knowledge fusion.

Einstein thought: "Imagination is more important than knowledge ... and it is the source of knowledge evolution." In his speech commemorating Planck's 60th birthday, he said: "The highest mission of physicists is to get those universal basic laws. From these laws, a world system can be established through simple deduction.

To derive these laws, there is no logical reasoning method, only through intuition based on empathy understanding of experience. "(see France [2]).

3. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Einstein said in kindergarten: "Imagination is far more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world and promotes progress.

Imagination is the source of knowledge evolution. This shows that it is very important to cultivate children's imagination.

Children's imagination may sometimes seem ridiculous and unrealistic, but as adults, have we ever thought that Watt had thought about "why steam can cover the pot", and then age of steam came; It is the fantasy that "people can grow wings and fly in the sky like birds" that leads to the reality of human flying in the sky ... but look at the children now, how much imagination do they have? There is such a true story. In a school exam, there is such a question: "What is snowmelt?" This question is very simple for people with a little common sense, but the teacher found in the later marking that a child gave an unexpected answer: "Snow is spring." However, this ingenious answer was marked with a bright red "cross". As for the reason, naturally it is because it does not meet the standard answer.

What a substandard answer! It is like a hard file, ruthlessly grinding away children's imagination. However, the teacher who graded the paper also made it clear that our topic is about children's mastery of physical knowledge, and of course it is water that melts. Although the student's answer is imaginative and poetic, his answer does not meet the standard answer. No matter how rich his imagination is, we can only give him a wrong judgment.

For this story, a primary school teacher who did not want to be named told reporters: "In fact, we are also full of bitter water. After all, scores are the standard to test the quality of our teaching. Under this premise, I have worked hard to protect children's imagination, but the result is not ideal, because there is only one standard answer when marking papers, and no one can change it. " The reporter can understand the teacher's difficulties.

Who among us adults hasn't had an imaginative childhood? Aren't they all bound by exams again and again in the end? .

4. I urgently need an 800-word high school argumentative essay entitled "Imagination is more important than knowledge". The miracle of Einstein's birth itself is the greatest irony of China's education. It comes from: 100 years ago, Cai Ying National Studies Training School in Jining, Shandong Province, 1905. Einstein, who was only 26 years old, published five papers in a row in the Yearbook of Physics, the most important of which was the special theory of relativity and the light quantum hypothesis.

Einstein made pioneering contributions in these three fields at the same time, which completely changed the human concept of time and space, changed the understanding of basic concepts such as motion, energy, light and force in physics, shocked the whole physics academic community, and then triggered a revolution in physics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the most important scientific discoveries in the 20th century. They not only provide human beings with images and laws of matter and motion from microscopic quarks to macroscopic universe, but also enrich their views on matter and universe, laying a scientific foundation for the development of technology in the 20th century.

Einstein didn't have the opportunity to contact the world-class scientists at that time, and he also lacked good scientific research conditions. His professional identity is only a small clerk in the patent office, but he has made many scientific research achievements that shocked the world and had far-reaching influence in one year. Today, after 100 years, no one can surpass him, which is an amazing miracle in the history of science! Einstein was engaged in basic research, and he could not predict what impact his research results would have on mankind at that time. Today, the influence of Einstein's research results can be seen in the widely used technologies such as optoelectronics, laser, atomic energy, GPS, sensors, accelerators and information security.

Computers, semiconductor products, televisions, remote controllers, digital cameras and most household appliances we use today can all find theoretical basis from Einstein's research results. It has had such a great influence on modern human life that only Newton, who founded the classical physical system, can rival Einstein in the history of science.

1935, when Einstein mourned Madame Curie, he praised her like this: "The significance of first-class figures to the times and historical process may be greater than their pure intellectual achievements in terms of their moral quality." In fact, this evaluation is also a portrayal of his own brilliant life.

Einstein is not only a great scientist, but also a man with noble moral quality, strong sense of social responsibility and justice. He has always opposed war and advocated peace.

He once issued a joint statement with a group of world celebrities to protest against Japan's invasion of China. 1945 In August, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, causing more than 200,000 casualties.

Einstein was shocked when he heard the news on the radio. He only said one sentence: "I'm really sad." After a long time, he blamed himself for it: "Yes, I pressed the button ...".

1948, Einstein wrote in "Letter to Intellectuals": "We have a sacred obligation to prevent weapons invented for cruel purposes from being used for killing." He has repeatedly stressed that scientists should be responsible for human abuse of science and technology.

When he became a celebrity, he was unusually calm in the face of overwhelming praise from the media, as if all this had nothing to do with him. He said: "My political ideal is democracy.

Let everyone be respected as an individual, and don't let anyone become an idol. I received excessive praise and respect from people, not because of my own fault, nor because of my own credit, but it was really a mockery of fate. "

1955 April 18, his last conversation before his death, still concerned about civil liberties and world peace. Einstein is knowledgeable and has high attainments in philosophy, history and literature.

He writes beautifully and wisely, especially loves music, and plays the violin well. He once said, "Without early music education, I will accomplish nothing".

In education, many of Einstein's views are above educators. He is full of life interest, humorous by nature and has a strong religious feeling of pity for others.

Such a great man with comprehensive and harmonious development, full of personality charm and great contribution is extremely rare in human history. The appearance of Einstein itself is a miracle in the history of human development. He has become a symbol of human wisdom and an eternal mystery of medical and educational research.

Cultivating Einstein-style outstanding figures has become the common ideal of education circles all over the world. To commemorate the anniversary of Einstein's miracle year 100, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on June 10, 2004, officially declaring 2005 as the "World Year of Physics".

Now, countries all over the world are solemnly commemorating this great man, expecting the appearance of the second Einstein. In 2005, it happened to be the 0/00th anniversary of the abolition of the feudal imperial examination system in China. It was from 1905 that modern education in China sprouted.

Commemorating Einstein at such a moment is of special significance to the educational circles in China. The miracle created by Einstein urges us to think about the current educational situation in China comprehensively, and how to avoid the resurgence of modern imperial examinations and make the direction of educational reform more clear.

The educational circles in China should reflect deeply: How did Einstein grow up? How did Einstein's miracle come about? Is Einstein's contribution purely based on genius or other reasons? Can our current education still cultivate Einstein-style characters? What are the conditions for Einstein's miracle? Is our education trying to provide these conditions? Has our education designed the best ladder so that students can step on Einstein's shoulders? The best way to commemorate Einstein is to explore the reasons for his success and find out the regular factors. Einstein's childhood was full of intense curiosity. When he was four years old, he was very surprised when he first saw that the compass always pointed south. He thinks that there must be a mysterious force at work behind the pointer, and he must find out where this mysterious force comes from.

This kind of curiosity about the unknown and the spirit of inquiring into the root of the matter have been maintained by Einstein all his life, which is the original source of his scientific spirit. He repeatedly stressed: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because imagination is the source of knowledge evolution."

As early as in high school, he boldly imagined what would happen when people moved at the speed of light, which became the initial bud of the theory of relativity. Einstein longed for free time and space since he was a child, and liked to choose his own learning content.

He is at school.

5. Personality is more important than ability. Composition 600 words "I rank personality first in all qualities of talents, surpassing wisdom, innovation, emotional intelligence, * * * and so on."

I don't think it's worthwhile for a company to consider hiring a person with a personality problem! Dr. Kai-Fu Lee, Vice President of Microsoft, said when answering a reporter's question about social talents. Indeed, if a person has personality problems and talent, who can guarantee his loyalty to the company? Immediately, Vice President Li said: "An employee of Microsoft stole the company's software and made a profit of more than 2 million. When the company sued him, the employee committed suicide because of shame before appearing in court. "

This is an extreme example, but it clearly reveals a truth: character is more important than talent! As we all know, people who can work in Microsoft must have something extraordinary, not to mention high IQ and strong ability. Unfortunately, their unqualified personality has an irreparable impact on the company and themselves. There are countless examples around us: can you say that hackers have no talent? No, they are proficient in the internet, but they steal secrets and profit from them, becoming "street rats" on the internet and becoming a major public hazard; Can you say that high flyers' talent in college is not high? No, he got excellent grades, but he threw concentrated sulfuric acid at the black bear just for fun and was spurned. Can you say that Edison Chen's acting skills are not high? No, he broke out of his own world in the entertainment circle and business circle, but the "Yan Zhao Men" incident made everyone fall below the glasses.

A person with good character but low talent may not make much contribution to society. He may be mediocre or unknown. But at least he can be recognized by the society+06964757A 68696416FE58685E5AEB931337626136, and people respect him. However, a person with high talent and poor character, with talent, does not have to be in the right place. If he takes crooked ways, it will pose a threat to society, even a serious threat. This "gift" is not worth mentioning.

This is what people often say: "poor talent is inferior, poor character is waste, even drugs." Confucius said, "A horse is not called strength, but virtue."

The ancients also regarded "talent wins virtue, virtue wins talent" as the standard to distinguish "villain" from "gentleman". Historically, the standard for any ruling class to select talents is "morality is the highest, talent is the lowest", that is, "character is the first, talent is the second".

It can be seen that character is more important than talent, which is an existing fact. Wen Huazhi is just a small tour guide with a low education, but she thinks about the safety of tourists in times of crisis. She sacrificed herself to improve herself and faced the blow of amputation with a sunny smile.

Wen Huazhi may not have contributed much to society, but she will be remembered by society. Many experts have participated in the recruitment of a multinational company and are full of confidence and hope for the future; But in the end, the only place was won by a laid-off worker, because the company's written test questions were asked last.

The last question is actually very simple: "Please tell me the secret of your previous company?" Everyone gushed, only he answered four words: "No comment." As a result, he was admitted.

Perhaps his talent is not the best of all, but he has a good character of company trust. * * *, the youngest daughter, Li Ne, has been busy all her life without much ups and downs.

You have to have a kidney transplant if you have kidney disease in your later years. Many people she knew and didn't know donated money to her, but she donated all the money to Project Hope so that more children could go to school, but she didn't leave any money.

She didn't inherit the leadership ability of * * *, but her character is praised by everyone and respected by others. There are many people who don't have the talent to be a man, but they have excellent qualities and shine all over.

Talent is the color of the later period, which will fade with time, while quality is like wine. The longer the time, the more people can feel its fragrance.

6. Who can give me some examples to show that imagination is more important than knowledge? When we were children, we all painted the sun. Teachers usually teach us: draw a circle first, then add a short line around the circle to represent light, and finally add red to the circle ... this is the representation of adult thinking and experience in students' minds. In an excellent art teacher, he will mobilize children's imagination and draw the sun in their hearts. There are round, flat, red and green ones. On the surface, children's imagination seems ridiculous and naive, but it is very precious for the growth of their thinking ability. Hegel said: Imagination is the most outstanding artistic skill in artistic creation. Goethe's mother's experience in educating her children is worth learning. She tells stories in a unique way, always stopping in the middle of the story and leaving the rest of the story to Goethe. Psychologists believe that this free play is divergent thinking and imagination. Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination sums up everything in the world and promotes progress. Imagination is the source of knowledge evolution. Einstein was named as one of 60 foreigners who influenced New China. His deeds are widely known. His words are well known: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world and is the source of knowledge evolution. Strictly speaking, imagination is a real factor in scientific research. "Einstein himself is a model of practicing this sentence. His general theory of relativity was discovered by doing thought experiments in his mind and then confirmed by scientific experiments.

For the importance of imagination, the masters of science have a loud voice. Yang Zhenning is a famous scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. At the same time, as a scholar who has been deeply influenced by Chinese and western education and has the experience of "studying and teaching for 40 years", some of his educational views can be described as profound, which undoubtedly has important enlightening significance for our cross-century education.

Yang Zhenning believes that engaging in literary and artistic creation requires rich imagination, and engaging in scientific and technological work also requires rich imagination. He cited his teacher, Taylor, a physicist known as the father of the American hydrogen bomb, as an example, and said that Taylor had many strange ideas in his mind every day. No matter who he meets, he talks to others, hoping to discuss them. It is this "fantasy" that made him make an indelible contribution to physics in the 20th century. Yang Zhenning wrote an inscription for Chengdu Science Fiction World at the end of 1995: "Fantasy is different from dream." He explained: "Fantasies and dreams are usually regarded as fantasies and are not worth talking about. Actually, fantasy and dream are different. Dreams are disordered, unconscious and quite complicated, while fantasies are orderly and conscious ideological activities. If fantasy has a certain scientific foundation, it will become by going up one flight of stairs and science fiction. Science fiction is often the forerunner of invention.

Qian Xuesen said: "Thinking in images is one of the most important tasks for us to study thinking science at present, but we don't know much about it now." The General Political Department of the Army conducted a questionnaire survey on academicians of the two academies of our army around the "analysis of human factors affecting the independent innovation ability of the Army". Nine IQ factors are listed, and academicians rank "imagination" at the top of all factors.

For example, building a tall building,

Imagination is to solve the problem of what kind of building to build.

Knowledge is how to solve the problem of Gai Lou.

Which is more important?

7. Lessons are more important than experience. Mencius said: I want fish and bear's paw. You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it. If you want to have your cake and eat it, I'm afraid you can't even get fish. The Battle of Waterloo was defeated because Napoleon refused to give up his excellent artillery. These experiences and lessons must always be remembered.

So I said, actually, I don't value your experience. What I value is your class. Because experience can be taught, but lessons can only be learned by yourself. The ultimate career destination of an experienced person is probably to become a craftsman. Familiar with technology, smooth operation, according to existing experience. But a man with a lesson is more likely to become a master as long as he has a tough heart and understanding.

We often hear such a sentence in some leaders' speeches and reports or in some summary materials: we should sum up experience and learn lessons ... It can be seen that experience and lessons are a pair of interrelated and inseparable contradictory entities, which often accompany and complement each other.

Imagination is more important than knowledge.

The so-called "imagination" is the ability to create an idea or picture in the mind, that is, the ability to think in images. Innovative thinking comes not from logical thinking, but from image thinking, and the ability of image thinking depends on a person's cultural quality.

Because a person with high cultural quality is more open-minded, forward-looking and full of associations. How to develop "imagination" I think we can cultivate the ability of thinking in images by strengthening literary accomplishment.

Einstein loved art, and he was also a violin master. He once said frankly: "Physics gives me knowledge, art gives me imagination, knowledge is limited, and imagination of art development is infinite.

British philosopher Bacon said, "History makes people wise and poetry makes people witty". "Wit" means rich imagination to a great extent.

For example, Li He's poem "Looking at the sky in a dream, lighting nine cigarettes in the distance and a glass of water overflowing" and Li Bai's poem "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" are very imaginative. This kind of imagination stems from the poet's thinking in images.

Goethe, a German poet, put it well: "Only through art, especially through poetry, can imagination be activated". According to my personal experience, reading some famous ancient poems in my spare time can expand my imagination.

Wang Guowei, a great master in the late Qing Dynasty, said in Ci on Earth: "Ci takes the realm as the top. There is a realm that is self-contained and has its own famous sentences. "

The so-called "realm" refers to the artistic image of scene blending. To understand the realm of a word, you must have imagination.

For example, the famous sentence "Clouds break the shadow of the moon" in Zhang Xian's "Wandering Immortals" in the Song Dynasty describes that a poet began to miss his past life in his later years, on the night of late spring, from his attachment to the beautiful spring that was about to die. When I read this famous sentence, the picture in my mind is: the breeze is blowing slowly, the dusk clouds are opening, and there is a bright moon in the depths of the flying clouds.

The light scattered flowers reflected the earth, and the flowers swayed and lingered. Zhu's Reading Experience is a profound and philosophical poem. Reading such a poem can broaden our thinking ability in images.

The poem is: half an acre of square pond is open, and the sky is high and the clouds are light. How can the canal be so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.

In Zhu's view, reading is the "source of living water" to keep people's thinking agile. Sometimes I try to write some poems to exercise my thinking ability in images.

For example, I wrote an enlightenment poem based on my years of experience in probability theory research: random is not random, probability solves puzzles. Disorder hides order, and statistical ambiguity is solved.

In fact, this poem is an interpretation of two representative probability and statistics problems. The first two sentences explain the "birthday problem": the probability that at least two of 23 people have the same birthday actually exceeds 50%, but if you choose a pre-specified birthday and randomly select 125 people and 250 people, then the probability that someone's birthday happens to be this birthday is only about 30% and 50% respectively, which is much smaller than expected.

The last two sentences are an interpretation of the design of a sensitive social investigation scheme: imagine a social investigation on plagiarism of graduate papers. If a questionnaire survey is conducted directly on this question, even if it is anonymous, it will make the respondents feel embarrassed.

The following scheme is to make respondents willing to give a true answer: put 1 red balls and 1 white balls in a box. Respondents remember the color and put it back immediately after touching the ball, and then answer the following questions according to whether the ball is red or white: Is your birthday before July 1? Have you ever plagiarized your paper? Just tick √ or * on a piece of paper to indicate yes or no.

Although the answers to two different questions are mixed, the plagiarism rate in graduate papers can be roughly estimated by Bayesian formula in statistics. I also wrote a poem "The Feeling of Spring" based on my own scientific research experience: intuition and curiosity are the driving force of scientific research.

Imagination and inspiration are the catalysts of innovation.