Brief introduction of Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao (1084- 1 155), a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, was originally named Yi 'an Jushi. Song, the representative of graceful and restrained school. Born in a scholarly family, he was gifted at an early age under the influence of his family. He is familiar with poetry, prose, calligraphy and painting music, and his achievements in ci are the highest. Words are fresh and euphemistic, with sincere feelings. With the changes of life in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, they show different characteristics. In the early stage, the natural scenery in the boudoir reflecting the feelings of life was beautiful and lively. Later, due to the death of her husband and the pain of national subjugation, her poems turned into desolation and sadness, expressing her homesickness and grief, and also placing strong thoughts on national subjugation. There is a collection of works handed down by Yi 'an laymen. Representative works include Slow Voice, Pruning Plums, Like a Dream, etc. His literary creation has a distinctive and unique artistic style, ranking first among graceful and restrained schools, which has a great influence on later generations and is called "Yi 'an Style".

Li Qingzhao (born in1March 084 13 ~1May 55 12) was a poetess in Song Dynasty, whose name was Yi, Li Qingzhao of Jinan (now Shandong) (5 photos) (165438+). Like-minded, happy life. Nomads from the Central Plains, living in the south, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness, and Li Qingzhao was alone. Experienced the prosperity and danger in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the turmoil in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Ding Jiageng, a famous calligrapher, wrote three poems by Li Qingzhao in lowercase letters.

Li Qingzhao was a rare talented woman in ancient China. She is good at calligraphy and painting, and is familiar with epigraphy, especially poetry. Her ci works are unique and spread through the ages, and are known as "a great poet". Her ci can be divided into early stage and late stage. In the early stage, write more about your leisure life, describe your love life and natural scenery, and use beautiful rhymes. Such as "dried plums". Later, I lamented my life experience, recalled my hometown and felt sad. For example, slow voice. Her personality is as awe-inspiring as her works. She has both women's Shu Xian and men's fortitude; There are both the cynicism of ordinary people and lofty patriotic feelings. She is not only talented and knowledgeable, but also has lofty ideals and heroic ambitions. She has made many achievements in the field of literature. Among her contemporaries, her poetry, prose and ci theory are outstanding. However, she worked the hardest, achieved the highest success and had the greatest influence on the creation of ci. Her ci reached the acme of art and formed her own unique artistic style-"Yi 'an Style". She does not pursue exquisite ornamentation, but extracts expressive "eight tones of common language", expresses her keen feelings about things around her by line drawing, depicts delicate psychological activities, expresses rich and varied emotional experiences and creates vivid artistic images. In her poems, sincere feelings and perfect forms are integrated. She developed the graceful school of "endless words and endless meanings, endless feelings and endless meanings" to the peak, thus winning the position of "originator" of graceful poets. At the same time, the bold style of her poems made her unique in the Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on Xin Qiji, Lu You and later poets. Her outstanding artistic achievements won high praise from later scholars. Later generations thought that her ci "not only looked down on women, but wanted to overwhelm men's eyebrows", and was called "the greatest poetess in the Song Dynasty and also the greatest poetess in the history of China literature". There are works handed down from ancient times such as Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi. Representative works include Slow Voice, Pruning Plums, Dreaming Like a Dream, Summer Poems, Drunk Flowers, Wulingchun and so on. Li Qingzhao's literary creation has a distinctive and unique artistic style. As one of the representatives of graceful and restrained school, it has a great influence on later generations and is unique in the field of ci, which is called "Yi 'an Style". Her famous words; Live and be a man among men; Die and become the soul in the soul.

The life of the character

Li Qingzhao was born in a scholar-bureaucrat family who loved literature and art. His father, Li, was a descendant of Jinan, a scholar, a pupil of Su Shi, and was promoted to prison by an official. He has a rich collection of books and is good at literature and ci works. There is a stone tablet carved on the south of the north wall of Dongzhai of Qufu Confucius Temple, which reads: "Give a certain punishment, learn from Li, worship Ning (1 102) on the 28th day of the first month, lead a brown, cross the river, meet, March far away and worship the forest." My mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar, and she is very cultured. Due to the influence of her family, especially her father Li, she was good at poetry and songs when she was a teenager. Li Qingzhao's growth is also inseparable from her natural environment. Li Qingzhao spent most of her childhood in Licheng, a picturesque and humanistic hometown. When she was about five or six years old, because her father Li entered Beijing as an official, she also moved to the capital (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) with her parents. She grew up in Tokyo. At that time, the ruling class in the Northern Song Dynasty enjoyed themselves, and Tokyo was still very prosperous on the surface. Li Qingzhao, as an aristocratic family of the scholar-bureaucrat class, could not go out of the house like a man because of the imprisonment of feudal ethics. Contact the whole society. But after all, she was born in the city, not as withdrawn as the women of rural landlords. She can not only go boating and play in the depths of the lotus, but also follow her family to the streets of Tokyo to watch fancy lanterns and bustling street scenes, which have cultivated her temperament. Enriched her spiritual life. Li Qingzhao's love for nature and her ability to describe nature show that she was educated in her hometown of Shandong. However, her indifference in love description shows the influence of urban social atmosphere and literary atmosphere on her. Li Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng.

At the age of eighteen, Li Qingzhao married Zhao Mingcheng. After the marriage, Qingzhao and her husband hit it off as if they were inseparable. "Couples are good at winning friends." After marriage, Li Qingzhao and her former student Zhao Mingcheng studied epigraphy and calligraphy together and lived a happy and beautiful life. Zhao Fu was a famous politician at that time. After marriage, she devoted herself to the further study of literature and art and the collection and research of epigraphy. She and Zhao Mingcheng encouraged each other to create ci, and their techniques became more and more mature. One year on the Double Ninth Festival, Li Qingzhao wrote the famous "Drunken Flowers" and gave it to her husband who was an official outside: "The fog is thick and the clouds are always sad, and the brain sells golden beasts. Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Mo Tao does not forget me, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " The loneliness of the autumn boudoir and the melancholy of the boudoir are vividly on the paper. According to the record of the Cape Ring Record, Zhao Mingcheng was amazed and unwilling to give in after receiving it, so he closed the door and forgot to eat and sleep, and wrote fifty poems for three days and three nights. He incorporated this poem by Li Qingzhao into it and asked his friend Lu Defu to comment on it. Lu Defu played it over and over again and said, "Only three sentences are excellent." Zhao asked which three sentences it was, and Lu said, "It's not charming. The curtain rolls west, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng

However, the good times did not last long, and the struggle between the old and new parties in North Korea intensified. A pair of mandarin ducks are separated alive, and Zhao Li faces each other across the river, suffering from lovesickness. In A.D. 1 127, Northern Nuzhen (Jin) conquered Bianjing, and Qin Zong was captured and fled to the south. Li Qingzhao and his wife also fled to Jiangnan with the refugees. Wandering in a different place, the loss of the stone calligraphy and painting collected for many years brought her a deep blow and great pain. Later, the Jin people moved south, and the Southern Song Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, destroying the Great Wall. Zhao Mingcheng was covered in blood, but before he could conquer him, he was dead. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng died in Jiankang (now Nanjing), which added unbearable grief to her. When Li Qingzhao was lonely, Zhang Ruzhou took the opportunity to defraud Li Qingzhao of her money and showed her kindness in every way. Li Qingzhao was very helpless at that time and married Zhang Ruzhou against the secular trend. After marriage, both of them found themselves cheated. Zhang Ruzhou found that Li Qingzhao was not as rich as she thought, and Li Qingzhao also found Zhang Ruzhou's insincerity, and even later punched her. Later, Li Qingzhao discovered that Zhang Ruzhou's official position came from accepting bribes and sued Zhang Ruzhou. In the social environment at that time, the wife reported her husband, and even if the husband was found guilty, the wife would be imprisoned. After Li Qingzhao went to prison, her family bribed the jailer. She stayed in prison for nine days and was released. This marriage, which lasted less than 100 days, ended. Li Qingzhao, who witnessed the destruction of the country, was "bitter, poor and indomitable". In her later years of "searching and being cold and clear", she tried her best to compile "The Story of the Stone" and completed her husband's unfinished business. Nomads from the rampage aroused her strong patriotic feelings, and she actively advocated the Northern Expedition to recover the Central Plains. However, the decadent and incompetent Southern Song Dynasty made Li Qingzhao's hopes go up in smoke. Li Qingzhao also wrote a bold and unrestrained "Summer quatrains" in the early days of Nandu: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. " He used Xiang Yu's unyielding death to satirize Hui Zong's father and son's loss of power and humiliation, and expressed his indignation at the Song Dynasty. After leaving her hometown for many years, her broken heart was vilified and rendered worse by the literati because of remarriage. She was helpless, helpless, poor, wandering around, and finally died alone in Jiangnan.