What is Beijing like in your eyes?

The land under our feet is 1 16 degrees east longitude and 40 degrees north latitude. Yes, this is Beijing!

100 people have 100 Beijing in their eyes. Is that the National Day Lantern in Tiananmen Square? Is it the towering Badaling Great Wall and Mutianyu? Is it the broken wall who talks about history in Yuanmingyuan? Or Houhai, a lively bar at the north gate of Workers Stadium? There is no standard answer to this question. For a Beijinger born and raised in Beijing, this is a feeling that is dissolved in blood and cannot be expressed. Maybe it's a cordial greeting from the Hutong Courtyard, maybe it's a strange fragrance in the thick bean juice, maybe it's the rustling of pigeon whistle in the night sky, maybe it's the Peking Opera humming by the elders around me ... There are so many possibilities, I think this is the charm of Beijing, a kind of singing like the tail flick of Peking Opera, a kind of mellow fragrance like fried liver and tofu brain, which can't be said, but it won't go away for a long time.

Since people have so many different feelings about Beijing, where should I start to introduce it? I want to interpret the city from my different perspectives, instead of sticking to a certain format:

Four seasons:

Beijing is a typical temperate climate with four distinct seasons, and each season has its beautiful scenery:

Spring: A year's plan lies in spring. When the yellow spring flowers on the roadside are in full bloom, when the tall magnolia flowers on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue are in bud, it is telling you that spring has come in Beijing. The rivers and lakes have melted the cold ice, and the sky has also swept away the haze of winter to welcome the season of foreign recovery! "Looking forward to, looking forward to, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is near! Everything looks like I just woke up. I opened my eyes with joy, the mountain was wet, the water rose, and the sun blushed! " This article by Mr. Zhu Ziqing is about the spring in Beijing.

Summer: Spring in Beijing is very short, and it enters summer around May Day. What is the summer like in Beijing? I suggest you look at the fragment "Under the scorching sun and heavy rain" in Mr. Lao She's Camel Xiangzi. It's a little cold in the morning. After noon, the sun began to poison the ground, and there was no breeze. There is a restlessness in the air, and the endless chirping of cicadas makes people anxious. At this time, Beijingers are willing to lie in bed and take a nap with a cattail fan (Beijingers often say that electric fans are too strong and love cattail fans and folding fans in summer), or hold a small clay pot in one hand and a cattail fan in the other. The sun is setting in the west, and the weather is getting colder. A few breezes blew up a cloud, and then it rained. After the rain clears, rainbows are hung on the western hills or covered with flaming red clouds. After nightfall, the city began to get busy. People take to the streets, enjoy the cool, play chess, chat in groups of three or five, or go into the park to listen to frogs and look for cicadas. At present, most parks in Beijing have extended their opening hours in summer to meet the needs of citizens at night. I still want to invite Mr. Zhu Ziqing here. His masterpiece Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is the scene where Mr. Zhu visited the Tsinghua campus on the summer night of 1927.

Autumn: Summer in Beijing always feels too long. Even the autumn tigers in September are mostly counted as the afterglow of summer. Since then, it has entered the most beautiful season in Beijing-autumn. Mr. Yu Dafu said that he exchanged two thirds of his strangers for another third of autumn in Beijing. Autumn in Beijing is thick and dense, light and shallow. It's like you can catch autumn with your hands, but when you look at it with open arms, there is nothing. Autumn in Beijing is very short, as short as ten rains. Whenever the autumn rain falls, people will silently count in their hearts: one autumn rain is cold, and ten autumn rains wear cotton. But these short ten rains are so gorgeous, even comparable to spring. The gorgeous red leaves on Xiangshan Mountain and the golden ginkgo outside the east gate of Diaoyutai seem to be the last and biggest moment when all living things burst into beauty before falling into the dead of winter.

Winter: The chairman's poem says: The scenery in the north is freezing for thousands of miles, and the snow in Wan Li is drifting. In fact, it hasn't snowed well in Beijing for many years. Winter without snow always makes people feel less interesting and happy. But after all, winter is a beautiful season, because in this season, we want to celebrate the New Year! China New Year is celebrated all over the country, even in places with Chinese people all over the world, but the year in Beijing is more interesting. Not to mention new clothes and hats, family reunion dinner, but this temple fair in the Spring Festival can't be compared anywhere! Temple fairs in old Beijing are actually not limited to the Spring Festival, the fifteenth day of the first month, the Buddha's birthday and the birthday of the heavenly queen. Now these temple fairs have gradually withdrawn from the historical stage, so the annual Spring Festival temple fair is even more precious and lively! The most authentic temple fair, I suggest you go to Changdian. Maybe you can't find a place name like Changdian on the map, because this name belongs to this street, Liulichang Street, which starts from Heping Gate in the north and reaches the intersection of Hufangqiao in the south. As soon as the Spring Festival arrives, it will be a big carnival without admission. All kinds of snacks, all kinds of gadgets, all kinds of happiness you can think of and unexpected will come to you. Why is the temple fair here the most authentic? Because Changdian Temple Fair has well preserved the essence of traditional temple fairs in Beijing, hanging candied haws, windmills, clay figurines, sugar people, running dry boats, walking on stilts, telling stories, singing operas and playing tricks ... is simply a folk open-air museum. People who love Beijing folk customs should not miss it.

There is also a landscape that many people will not pay attention to in winter in Beijing, that is, storing Chinese cabbage in winter. If you pass through Di 'anmenwai Street now, you can also see Chinese cabbage placed on both sides of the street like hills. This is a housekeeping dish of Beijingers in the past. Vegetables are scarce in winter, and Chinese cabbage is a must-have food for every household. I still remember that just a few years ago, I followed my father to stare at a tricycle and went to a nearby vegetable station to buy Chinese cabbage, a few hundred kilograms at a time. Buy it back, tidy it up a little, put it in the open space in front of the building, and eat it if you want. At that time, it was an important preparation before winter, but now it seems to be a sweet ponder in my heart.

City gate:

Beijing is an ancient city. The earliest history of building a city can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. In the Binjiang Park on the second ring road in the southwest of Beijing, there stands such a stone carving, which reads: Beijing City Wall, Xidi, and then, its name is Ji. Just to the west of this stone carving, there is a brick tower of Liao Dynasty-Tianning Temple Tower. This brick tower is the oldest above-ground building in Beijing.

Beijing has many names in history: Zhulu, Ji You, Youzhou, Zhongdu, Dadu, Shuntianfu, Shi Jing, Beiping, Beijing and so on. The official name of Beijing is Ming Chengzu Judy. By the Qing Dynasty, although the name of Beijing had not changed, the official title of Beijing leaders at that time was still Shuntian Magistrate. The duty of this Shuntian prefect is to manage the capital, and the military power in Beijing is equivalent to the current garrison commander, which is the nine prefects.

When it comes to nine gates, it is necessary to say the gates of Beijing. There is a jingle in Beijing: nine in the interior, seven in the exterior, four in the imperial city, nine in the door, eight ten. This is the gate of Beijing.

Neijiu:

There are nine gates in the inner city, clockwise: Zhengyangmen (front gate), Xuanwumen (Shunzhi gate), Fuchengmen, Xizhimen, Deshengmen, Andingmen, Dongzhimen, Chaoyangmen and Chongwenmen (Hadmen). Nine gates have their own uses: Xizhimen was called Heyimen in Ming Dynasty, which was a waterway. Every morning, water from Yuquan Mountain is transported from Heyimen to Beijing and the Imperial City. Dongzhimen was called Chongren Gate in Ming Dynasty, which was used to transport firewood and charcoal carts, and it was called Chai Dao. Chaoyangmen was called Qihuamen in Ming Dynasty, which was a channel for grain transportation. Chongwenmen, called Hadmen, is the channel for transporting wine. The front door is called Zhengyangmen, which is the entrance of the emperor. Civilians can't go, but the moon gate is on both sides. Xuanwu Gate is called Shunzhi Gate. Death row prisoners are taken out from this gate and dragged to Chashikou for beheading. Fuchengmen was called Pingzemen at that time, which was a coal transportation channel. Deshengmen is the entrance for victorious troops to return to the DPRK, and Andingmen is the entrance for troops to go out.

External gas:

The outer seven gates are the "outer seven", including refractive gate, Guang 'an gate, Zuo 'an gate, You 'an gate, East gate, Bianxi gate and Yongding gate.

These doors are used by ordinary people to do small business, do short-term work and visit relatives in the city.

Imperial capital four:

The four gates of the imperial city are Daming Gate, Di 'anmen Gate, Dong 'anmen Gate and Xi 'anmen Gate, which are the passages for civil and military officials in the city to enter and leave the palace. Daming Gate was changed to Daqingmen in Qing Dynasty and was demolished when Tiananmen Square was built. There is also a saying that the southernmost of the four gates of the Imperial City is Xuanwu Gate. Because the word "Xuan" is taboo against the name of Emperor Kangxi, it was renamed Shenwumen.

You can still see Zhengyang Gate at the gate of Beijing. Zhengyangmen kept the watchtower and watchtower, and the urn was removed. Now the government is also actively restoring the historical features of Beijing and has rebuilt Yongdingmen.

Five towns:

Everyone knows that there are city gates in Beijing, but there are five towns in Beijing, which may be little known. The so-called five towns, not five towns, refer to five towns, which stifle the five elements of Jin Mu, fire, water and earth, respectively, in order to make this land peaceful and prosperous for generations.

The town in the east is Shenmu Factory (Wood), the town in the west is Yongle Hua Zhong Yan (Gold), the town in the south is Yandun (Fire), the town in the north is Kunming Lake (Water), and the town in China is Jingshan (Earth).

Shenmu Factory is located in the south of No.2 Gate of Tonghui River outside Guangqumen, Beijing, and is now called Huangmuzhuang. In the early Ming Dynasty, when the Yongle Emperor Judy was building the Forbidden City, he sent people to Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong to purchase a lot of high-quality wood. The wood was transported everywhere and finally transported to Beijing along the Grand Canal. The place where the wood is stacked is Shenmu Factory. "The Record of Spring Dreams" records: "Shi Jing Shenmu Factory has a large number of trees, all of which are eternal things. The biggest one is called' Zhang Pingtou', which is 20 feet away and lies more than 40 feet. Riding under it can be invisible. " These big trees are rare things in the world. No wonder later generations have a poem about Shenmu Factory: "The big tree is high in thousands of feet, and the East Town remembers the previous dynasty." I still remember rock Ali, I am old and graceful. "In the twenty-third year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong also specially made a Shenmu ballad to express the fire wood:" There is a huge raft in the east of the capital, which is more than 60 feet long and lying on the ground. The riders stand across the wood and the Buddha meets it. "According to legend, it was set around the Ming Dynasty, in order to make both parties angry. Write a Shenmu ballad:' There are three ridges and one thin ridge in the sky, and osawa in the deep mountain is supported by forests. Shoutuling forgot his glory and withered in spring, and gladly abandoned the canal. I bid farewell to the South China Sea and came to Yan Dou, where I became a pair of towns with Party A and Party B.. It's called Shenmu, and I've heard a lot about the old traces of Spring and Ming. Take a look at the east corner of the city, lying more than six feet in the thoroughfare. Surrounding is not a rule, and a lonely rider can cover it. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it rained and the wind blew. The branches peel off and damage the skin, and the bacteria in the pores are gray. In order to cherish the past Olympic area, Lingyun helps the poor every day. If people gather together, it is like saying that people are paying attention, and the sky will think that this is a symbol of chastity. Let's see if there are any huge surveys in the virtual world, such as the year of Yao Jie in the calendar and the birth of the emperor's map. "Emperor Qianlong built a monument and set up a pavilion, and carved" Shenmu Ballad "on the monument. Yubei Pavilion is located in the courtyard of Beijing Piano Factory. Monuments and pavilions in the Cultural Revolution were destroyed, and the remaining big piece of wood was also made into a conference table by people who didn't know what a cultural relic was. I'm sorry.

Hua Yanzhong was cast in the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1404). According to legend, it was cast to pray for the spirit of the soldiers who died in the battle of Jingnan. The clock is 6.94 meters high, with a maximum diameter of 4 meters and weighs 46.5 tons. Its sound is thick and long, round and loud, and can be heard dozens of miles away when it rings. There are 17 kinds of sutras cast inside and outside the clock, accounting for more than 227,000 words. Exquisite bronzes, complete calligraphy and painting, are said to be the pen, supervised by Yao Gong (Xiaoguang), known as the "China". During the Jiajing period, "the white tiger in the capital should not sing gold", so he put the clock on the ground. In the fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1577), God lived in Zhu Yijun and moved from Han Jing factory to Manjuji for storage.

Yandun is also a cigarette wharf, about a mile west of Yongdingmenwai Road. Yandun was a lighthouse-shaped earthen platform when it was built in the early Yuan Dynasty. It was not built until the outer city was built in the thirty-second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. The pier is a cube with a wide bottom and a narrow top. The length of the lower four sides of the pier is14.87m, the height from the bottom to the top is19m, and the length of the top side is19m. There is a door at the left end of the north of the platform bottom. The door and door frame are made of stone. From there, follow the stone steps and walk 45 steps from the southwest corner of the top of the platform to reach the stage. There is a poem "Yandun Zhuzhi Ci" which proves that this pier is a relic when the capital was established in the early Yuan Dynasty. The word says, "Sha Road is far from the historic site, and there is another stone building, namely Zhuoli Smoke Pier. Most of the old stuff. Who can say? Facing the main entrance of the year. "

Kunming Lake was called West Lake in ancient times, also known as Wengshanpo. Kunming Lake, with rippling blue waves and picturesque scenery, was once known as the "Ten Scenes of the West Lake" in history (the Ten Scenes of the West Lake are: Spring Flowing Beads, Jade Paving Lake, Wild Goose Falling on Flat Sand, Crane Standing on Shallow Stream, Whitestorm Shaking, Lotus Red Falling Rain, Autumn Waves Clear, Moonlight Flowing, Cave Spring Clouds and Morning Lights on the Wall). As early as the Jin Dynasty, there was a merit temple here, formerly known as Hu Sheng Temple. In the Ming dynasty, temples and pavilions were built by the lake. Yuan Jing Temple, built in the seventh year of Hongzhi (AD 1494), has more magnificent scenery. Qinggan Dragon Room was expanded into Kunming Lake Royal Garden. Over the years, people who come to the park have been full of praise for Kunming Lake.

Jingshan, also known as Long Live Mountain, commonly known as Jingshan Park, is separated from Shenwumen, the north gate of the Forbidden City. After liberation, it became a park. Jingshan was called Qingshan in Yuan Dynasty. When Beijing was expanded in the early Ming Dynasty, the Tongzi River in the Forbidden City and the South China Sea in Taiyechi were dug up, and the excavated soil was piled up. According to folklore, there is a pile of coal under the mountain, so it is also called Jingshan Park. On the eastern hillside of Jingshan Mountain, there is an old pagoda tree hanged by Emperor Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty. The tree was locked by a thick chain, and there was a stone tablet in which Wang Chengen, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, accompanied Emperor Chongzhen to death. Jingshan is shaded by trees, rich in herbs and pleasant in scenery. There is a poem about Jingshan Mountain in Zhongzhong Town as proof: "There are red walls around Di 'anmen, and the shadows of trees reflect the sunset. Jade Spider Jin Ao Bridge looks up, and the coal peak stands high in the center. "

Eight scenic spots in Yanjing:

When it comes to Beijing, it is necessary to say that there are eight scenic spots in Yanjing, and each dynasty is different. At present, the most common view is the Eight Scenes of Emperor Qianlong's Calligraphy in Qing Dynasty. Include Taiyue Autumn Wind, Qiongdao Chunyin, Jintai Sunset Red, Jiemen Yanshu, Xishan Sunny Snow, Yuquantui, Lugou xiao yue and Juyong Diecui.

Taiye Qiu Feng

Today, there is a water port next to Wanshanmen (formerly known as Taiye Pool) on the east coast of Zhongnanhai. There is a pavilion in the water called "Yunshui Pavilion", which is famous for its neutral scenery. "Eight Scenes of Yanjing" describes: "... the weather is inscrutable, the sun and the moon are swaying, and the ripples are beautiful and lovely, so it is called too clear. There is a line in Qianlong's poem, "Qiu Lai's peasant family is refreshing, the jade lake is clear, and the bridge is horizontal", so it is called the autumn wind of Great Grandpa.

Haruki Qiongdao

Qianlong decided that this stone tablet was originally in front of Xinyue Gate on the western slope of Baita Mountain in Beihai. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), it moved to the east side of Baita Mountain.

Yuquan Baotu Mountain

Yuquan Mountain is to the west of Wanshou Mountain. Jin Zhangzong Yushan Luquan Hospital was completed. There are three caves in Yuquan Mountain, one is in the south of Shanxi, and there is a spring below it, which is unfathomable; First, in Shannan, the spring water flows out "if the sound is mixed, the color is like plain practice"; There is a spring at the foot of the mountain, which is sweet, and the word "Yuquan" is engraved on the door.

Sunny western hills after snow.

Xishan refers to the general name of the continuous mountains in the western suburbs of Beijing, and it is the remnant vein of Taihang Mountain. Snow also refers to this area. Xiangshan is a typical mountain peak in this area, so Qianlong put the monument of "Clear Snow in Xishan" on the mountainside of Xiangshan.

Thiopendra

The "Jimen Smoke Tree" monument stands on the edge of Tucheng, five miles outside Deshengmen. Historically, there was a "smoke tree" landscape here.

Ju Yong die Cui

In ancient times, Juyongguan included the whole Guangou Canyon. The lower gully mouth is called Xiakou or Xiakou, also called Nankou. The ditch is tortuous. Pass through Juyongguan and Shangguan and go straight to the north exit-Badaling. Beigou is a gap in the Yanshan Mountains in northern Beijing. There are many peaks in the valley, lush trees, blooming mountain flowers, dyed forests, beautiful landscapes and extraordinary scenery. The monument "Juyong Diecui" is located on Diecui Mountain in the middle of this valley.

Jintai Zhao Xi

Jintai, namely Huang Jintai. Originally refers to the third century BC, Yan Zhaowang for corporal courtesy virtuous figure Thai, have a daughter, hire the world celebrities. As for the location of the station, it is difficult to point out accurately at present because of its age. There are currently seven or eight gold platforms. Emperor Qianlong put the stone tablet outward. That is, in the factory at 350 1 south of Guandongdian (on the mound in the east half of the original Miaojiadi teaching field). In the "Introduction to Cultural Relics of the Old Capital" published by 1935, you can also see the photos of the stone tablet lying down, and now there is no trace.

The morning moon in Lugou

Lugou of Yongding River has been an important transportation hub since ancient times. Jin Shizong ordered the construction of this bridge in 1 189, and it was completed in 1 192 (the third year of Ming Chang), and was named Guangli Bridge. Bridges such as Changhong, eleven arches, four huabiao, and 485 stone lions carved on the sentry post. The bridge is 266 meters long and 9 meters wide. The transportation in ancient times was not very convenient, and the capital was about half a day's journey from here. Say goodbye to Jingmen, stay on it and leave early tomorrow morning. When the cock crows on the road, he still sees the bright moon in the sky and the earth as silver. "The moon on the Lugou Bridge is like frost." So the artistic conception of "Little Moon" is well known.

These are just a few of all the descriptions of Beijing, not what Mao can describe. I believe other people must have different understandings. They are very willing to discuss Beijing in our mind with all those who love this land. I am also very willing to be a tour guide and share all the people, things, things and sights I know with you. May you also love my hometown-Beijing.