What is administration?

Administration refers to the interpretation of the specific application of other laws that do not belong to trial, prosecution and legislation and laws and regulations formulated by state administrative organs according to law. In a narrow sense, it refers to all functions of the state except legislation and justice; In a broad sense, it refers to the administrative function outside politics as a decision-making function.

"Administration" refers to all kinds of organization, control, coordination and supervision activities carried out by certain social organizations in the course of their activities.

In administrative law, administration has the following characteristics:

(1) Administration refers to public administration, but does not include the administration of enterprises and institutions. The difference between them is that:

First, the nature is different. Public administration has the nature of public administration, while general administration has the nature of individual or partial non-public administration.

Second, the purpose is different. The purpose of public administration is to seek public interests and maintain public order; The purpose of general administration is for personal or local interests.

Third, the means are different. Public administration has many privileges and can take coercive measures; General administration can not impose its will on others, but can only take the form of contract. Therefore, they are subject to different legal systems.

(2) Administration is the activity of administrative organs. Formally speaking, administrative management is limited to the activities of administrative organs. The law provides different legal systems for state activities according to different executive organs. Administration in administrative law can only refer to the activities of administrative organs.

(3) The essence of administration lies in organizing and managing state affairs, rather than legislating laws or trying cases by judicial organs, which is the definition of administration in essence. Organizational management activities directly affect citizens' rights and interests, so it needs legal norms and applies legal rules different from other activities.

Extended data:

Ideological principle

(1) guiding ideology. Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we should fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development's strategic thought on building a harmonious socialist society.

On the basis of adhering to the overall strategy of regional development, plan the basic pattern of population and economy in the future in a forward-looking and overall way, and guide the formation of a regional coordinated development pattern with clear orientation of main functions, coordination between population and economy, resources and environment, and narrowing the gap between public services and people's living standards.

(2) Main principles. Adhere to the people-oriented principle, guide the rational and balanced distribution of population and economy within the national territory, and gradually realize equal public services for people in different regions and urban and rural areas;

Adhere to intensive development, guide the relatively concentrated development of industries and population, form an urbanization pattern with urban agglomerations as the main form and other towns dotted around, improve the utilization efficiency of resources such as land, water and climate, and enhance the ability of sustainable development;

Adhere to respect for nature, development must be based on the protection of natural ecology, development must be based on environmental capacity, ensure ecological security, continuously improve environmental quality, and achieve harmony between man and nature;

Adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural areas, prevent excessive erosion of rural areas by urbanized areas, and provide necessary space for rural population to enter cities; Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, strengthen marine awareness, fully consider the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment, and make overall plans for land development and marine development.

According to the above guiding ideology and principles, several relations should be handled well in the planning of national main functional areas.

First, handle the relationship between development and development. Development is the last word, and development must be based on science, rationality, order and moderation. China is in the stage of accelerating industrialization and urbanization. The purpose of compiling and implementing the national main functional area plan is to clearly optimize and focus on development areas, delimit restricted and prohibited development areas and achieve sound and rapid development in the process of large-scale development according to the carrying capacity of resources and environment.

The second is to handle the relationship between the government and the market. The national main functional area planning is the government's strategic design and overall layout for the development of land space, which embodies the country's strategic intention. The government should rationally allocate public resources according to the orientation of the main functional areas, at the same time, give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, improve laws, regulations and regional policies, and comprehensively use various means to guide the behavior of market participants to conform to the orientation of the main functional areas.

The third is to handle the relationship between the local and the global. Promoting the formation of the main functional area is based on the overall interests, seeking the maximization of the overall interests and long-term interests of the country and the people, and it is necessary to obey the overall situation and give consideration to the overall situation.

The fourth is to handle the relationship between the main function and other functions. The main function area should highlight the main function and leading role, while not excluding other auxiliary or affiliated functions.

The main function of optimized development and key development areas is to gather economy and population, but there should also be ecological areas, agricultural areas, tourism and leisure areas. The main function of the restricted development zone is to protect the ecological environment, but it can also develop characteristic industries and moderately develop mineral resources within the tolerable range of ecology, resources and environment.

The fifth is to handle the relationship between administrative areas and main functional areas. The planning of main functional areas needs to break the boundaries of administrative regions and change the method of formulating regional policies and performance evaluation completely according to administrative regions. At the same time, the implementation of the main functional area planning also needs to rely on a certain level of administrative areas.

The sixth is to deal with the relationship between the main functional areas. All kinds of main functional areas should work together and promote each other. To optimize the development areas, it is necessary to transfer industries to key development areas and reduce the pressure of large-scale cross-regional flow of population and resources and ecological environment;

Key development areas should promote the development of industrial clusters and enhance their ability to undertake restricted development and prohibit the development of regional overloaded population; Areas where development is restricted or prohibited should improve the carrying capacity of the ecological environment through ecological construction and environmental protection, and gradually become national or regional ecological barriers and natural and cultural protection areas.

Seventh, handle the relationship between maintaining stability and dynamic adjustment. Once the main functional area is determined, it cannot be changed at will. Protect prohibited development areas in strict accordance with the law; Restricted development areas should adhere to the priority of protection and gradually expand the scope; According to the changes of economic and social development and the carrying capacity of resources and environment, the key development areas can be adjusted to optimized development areas.

References:

Administration (Chinese vocabulary)-Baidu Encyclopedia