The story of the train, the second volume of the first grade of primary school Chinese, tells this lesson

The Story of the Train is a text in Unit 8, Book 2 of the Chinese textbook for primary schools, which belongs to the topic of scientific knowledge. This paper is a common-sense text introducing the types of trains, respectively introducing the achievements of steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, electric trains, maglev trains, train speed-up and Qinghai-Tibet railway construction in China, and showing the excellent situation of the rapid development of railway construction in China, so as to stimulate students' interest in learning and loving science.

Second, students.

First-grade pupils are curious about the world, like to ask why, like to read popular science books such as "One Hundred Thousand Why Children" and "One Thousand Questions for Children", and are very interested in some scientific knowledge. After more than one semester of training and exercise, students have mastered some literacy methods. Under the effective guidance of teachers, they have been able to actively participate in learning activities. Cooperative learning among small partners gives students more opportunities to express themselves, helps them cultivate a sense of unity and cooperation, and learns to associate with others. However, students' intentional attention time is still short-lived, positive and fun, and teachers should control the classroom promptly and flexibly.

Third, say the goal.

In the first stage of junior high school, literacy and writing are the focus of students' study. Teachers must give students enough time to observe, discover and communicate. The most important thing in junior high school reading teaching is to guide students to read the text correctly and smoothly, and it is best to read their own feelings. Teachers should let students read fully, feel and understand in reading, and be influenced by emotions in reading. First-year children are interested in popular science knowledge, but due to lack of life experience and limited life experience, they may have some difficulties in understanding the types of trains and feeling the achievements of China railway construction. Therefore, I have set the following three goals for the teaching of this course:

1 Understanding 14 "Jiao, Lie" and other new words. Can write "Cheng, Chi" and other six words.

Read the text correctly and fluently.

Understand briefly several kinds of trains introduced in this paper, and feel the scientific and technological progress of railway construction in China.

Among them, the teaching focus is: literacy and writing, actively building a bridge between life and teaching materials, mobilizing students' life cognition and emotional experience, and helping students feel the progress of science and technology. The teaching difficulties are: simply understand several kinds of trains introduced in this paper. Starting with the key points, we will promote them layer by layer to help students understand their feelings.

Fourth, the process of speaking.

first kind

(A) Picture display to stimulate interest

First-grade pupils like intuitive things best. At the beginning of the new class, the teacher showed four different forms of train pictures with courseware, which aroused the children's interest in learning at once. It is difficult for students to understand several kinds of trains introduced in the text. At the beginning, the teacher let the four kinds of trains meet the students, so that the students can have an overall understanding of the types of trains, so that they can simplify the complex and pave the way for the later teaching. At the same time, guide children to learn to greet the train politely and say their names, so that moral education can naturally be integrated into Chinese teaching.

(B) a preliminary reading of the text, a preliminary overall perception

Students should be fully exposed to the text, read more books, feel the whole in reading, and feel things in reading. Students in grade one of primary school also need effective guidance from teachers when reading. Teachers should put forward different reading requirements for students in each reading activity, so that students can gain something from reading every time and constantly learn and master reading methods and skills! When I first read the text, I asked the students to read the text twice. The first requirement is: correct pronunciation, and read the difficult calligraphy and painting several times. Seek truth from the second time: do "four noes" when reading aloud, that is, "good words, no words, no words and no hesitation." Both readings are designed according to the students' reality, which is easy first and difficult later. The requirements are clear and definite, which makes it easy for students to implement, achieve training effect and improve reading skills!

(C) independent learning of new words

New words appear in the form of new word baby courseware, so that students can know new words happily and know new words. After more than one semester of training and exercise, students have mastered some literacy methods, such as "one plus one", "one minus one" and "integral". Teachers create situations and organize students to use the form of group cooperative learning, so that students can learn to express their ideas and listen to others' speeches in the process of cooperative communication, and fully mobilize each student's participation consciousness and learning enthusiasm. In the feedback exchange activities, students speak freely, and finally select a small expert in literacy, so that they can get the joy of success and inspire students to participate in literacy learning more actively in the future!

(4) Guiding writing

The teacher guides the students to observe the model essay carefully, exchange their observations in the group, and talk about which word is difficult to write and how to write it well! Then the whole class communicates with each other, reminds each other, and trains students' language expression ability and cooperative learning ability while training their observation ability. Then the students try to write two difficult new words, "Cheng" and "Late". Teachers go deep into students' guidance, select typical assignments, and then show them through physical projection, and students evaluate them collectively. While analyzing other people's homework, students will have a deeper understanding of the strokes and structures of new words and have some insights to improve their writing level.

Second lesson

Review and consolidate new words and phrases.

Courseware shows "I can read" words for students to identify after class, so as to review and consolidate new words, prevent students from coming back to life and accumulate language.

(B) intensive reading of the text, reading thinking, reading comprehension.

"Understand several kinds of trains introduced in the article and feel the scientific and technological progress of China railway construction." It is the key and difficult point of this course. How to make students read the text independently and cooperatively in a relaxed and happy learning environment, understand the content of the text in reading, develop language and cultivate emotions is the design concept of this course.

Intensive reading of the text is carried out in the form of reading the text with questions, asking questions, appreciating courseware and oral training, so that students can understand the content of the text, develop their language and cultivate their emotions in effective and autonomous learning.

1. briefly understand the four kinds of trains introduced in this paper.

If you don't read, you must give students enough time to read, think and take notes to help them understand the text. A brief understanding of several trains introduced in this paper is a difficult point in this course. In order to help students better understand the content of the text and break through the difficulties, my design is like this: I will let students read the text first, and draw four kinds of trains introduced by the text while reading. Then the students reflect that the teacher posted four kinds of train names on the blackboard in order. Clear blackboard writing can help students remember these four kinds of trains quickly and well. Next, I take the electric train and maglev train as "green" trains as the starting point, and let the students read the text again to find the answer. Students can quickly find out from books that "speed is fast and pollution is small". Some students who are well-prepared and knowledgeable after class may also say that steam locomotives emit thick black smoke, while diesel locomotives do not emit much smoke, so they are not "green" trains. At this time, the teacher guided: from steam locomotives to diesel locomotives, to electric trains and maglev trains, they are faster than each other and less polluted than each other. This is the result of "scientific and technological progress" The teacher wrote "scientific and technological progress" on the blackboard. "Scientific and technological progress" is the main line of the text of The Story of the Train. The first half introduces the scientific and technological progress of train development in the world, and the second half introduces the scientific and technological progress of railway construction in China. Therefore, "scientific and technological progress" must be made known to students.

2. Feel the scientific and technological progress of the national railway industry and conduct oral training.

(1) Understand paragraph 4 and conduct speech training.

Try to let students ask questions, stimulate students' desire to explore and establish students' problem consciousness.

Students may not understand the meaning of "speed up and it will happen at night". At this time, the teacher can let other students be small teachers and express their understanding of these words. First-grade children are not rich in vocabulary, and it may still be difficult to understand the word "early morning". Teachers can guide them to understand these four words respectively, such as "evening" means evening, "hair" means hair, "morning" means morning, and "arrival" means arrival. Thinking about the meaning of these four words together means "leaving at night and arriving at the destination in the morning", which not only helps students understand the words, but also helps them learn a method to analyze and understand the meanings of words and master Chinese learning skills.

The formation of students' ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing in Chinese teaching should be integrated into every Chinese class to improve students' ability in every class. Connecting the two sentences in the text with "because", this teaching design not only trains students' oral ability, but also helps students better understand the content of the text.

② Understand paragraph 5 and conduct speech training.

Due to regional differences and lack of life experience, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Railway are far from students' lives. Let students feel the difficulty and greatness of the Qinghai-Tibet railway construction, and let them understand that "this is really a great pioneering work!" Be proud of your country! This has become a key and difficult point in our teaching. We used courseware to show the vastness of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the tense construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The background music was Tianlu, which praised the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The students saw the pictures of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and listened to the magnificent music, as if they had come to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and devoted themselves to the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in full swing! Their hearts were conquered at once!

When the teacher asked them to talk about their feelings, the answer was wonderful! "The scenery on both sides of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is really beautiful! If I travel by train, I will definitely not litter! " "The railway goes downhill for a while and uphill for a while. It must be very hard for the worker's uncle to repair the railway! " "I saw an old woman smiling on the railway. She must like it very much. " In speaking freely, the students have a further understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. At this time, the teacher showed a sentence in the text with courseware: "This is really a great initiative!" " "Let the students say that they don't understand this sentence. Students may not understand the meaning of "pioneering". The teacher is in no hurry to tell the answer. Let the students go back to the text, read it, draw a picture and find out the relevant words. Such as "the highest altitude, the roof of the world" and so on. At this time, the teacher showed pictures that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was built at the highest altitude, and the road conditions were very complicated, so its completion was unprecedented and creative! Help students understand the word "entrepreneurship" and make them proud that they are from China! Then guide the students to read this sentence with a happy and proud mood and deepen their understanding of the text!

(3) Extracurricular expansion and homework

Students' imagination and creativity are infinite, and the power of unity and cooperation is immeasurable! Students design a future train together in the group, make suggestions together, cooperate and innovate, and make progress together!

In class, the students sorted out specific plans, drew new trains in the form of pictures after class, and brought them back to class for posting the next day to share the fruits of collective wisdom!

Blackboard design

The story of the train

Steam locomotive

↓

diesel locomotive

↓

electrotrains

maglev train

According to the students' feedback, the teacher posted the names of four kinds of trains, and then cut into the "green" trains, emphasizing their advantages of fast speed and little pollution, thus inferring that the reason for the development of trains is "scientific and technological progress". The design of blackboard writing is clear and clear, starting from the key points and advancing layer by layer, which is reasonable and helpful for students to understand the text.