Who are the famous psychopaths in history?

Leslie Cheung

Leslie Cheung committed suicide on April Fool's Day in 2003. He suffers from severe depression, but his brother's depression is physiological and caused by the imbalance of chemicals in his brain. The pain is abnormal at the time of onset, and it is difficult to cure because of long-term depression. Many people will misunderstand that my brother's depression is due to emotional problems. Of course, there are some reasons, but I still hope more people know the truth, rather than being simply misled by the media.

2. Schizophrenia

van gogh

When we appreciate Van Gogh's exquisite paintings, how can we think that he is a serious schizophrenic? 1890 committed suicide in a French mental hospital. Most of his famous works were completed two years after his serious illness. For example, his most famous work Sunflower was written in 1888. I read a story about serious schizophrenia in Van Gogh's later period. Van Gogh met 16-year-old prostitute Rachel in a brothel in arles. Rachel joked with Van Gogh that if she had no money, she would cut off her ear. Van Gogh really cut off her ear and wrapped it for her.

3. Autism

newton

Newton is a very famous physicist, and his contribution is very, very great, but apart from these outstanding achievements, he is still a seriously autistic person. He hardly talks, loses his temper, has few friends, and no one comes to the lecture. He can talk to himself in the empty classroom. At the age of 50, severe depression and paranoia led to his severe mental failure.

Besides these, there are phobias, personality disorders and so on. Those who are interested can go and have a look.

There are some things you will never think of, and some things you can imagine without saying. There is a fine line between genius and madness.

Anderson-generalized anxiety disorder

Danish fairy tale writers are known as the sun of children's literature in the world, and their masterpieces include The Ugly Duckling and The Little Match Girl. Although Andersen wrote Andersen's fairy tales, he has been living in anxiety.

Michelangelo-autism

A great painter, sculptor and poet in the Italian Renaissance, together with Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci, is called the three masters of the post-Renaissance, and his masterpiece is David. Socially, he is like a blank sheet of paper.

Van Gogh-intermittent schizophrenia

Dutch post-impressionist painter, the masterpiece Sunflower, and Van Gogh's paintings are basically worth hundreds of millions, and the value of these paintings suddenly increased after Van Gogh's death. Van Gogh was often ill and finally shot himself at the age of 37.

Beethoven-bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder)

Musician of the Holy Roman Empire, one of the representatives of Vienna Classical Music School, was later called "Le Sheng". Beethoven has never been married, but his emotional experience is quite rich. At the age of 30, he fell in love with a lady of 16 years old. Beethoven almost committed suicide for her because of the great difference in status. At the age of 34, I fell in love with a widow, but I couldn't be together because of the great difference in status.

Newton-psychologist (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, etc. )

British physicist, all-rounder, father of modern physics, everyone thinks that an apple started Newton's life.

Darwinian agoraphobia

British biologist, the author of the Origin of Species, put forward the theory of species evolution, which overthrew all kinds of idealistic creationism and species invariance.

Einstein's schizophrenia

German physicists and scientists put forward the theory of relativity. Einstein, a Jew, was persecuted by fascism. Living in Tibet all the year round made Einstein suffer from schizophrenia.

Lev tolstoy-Depression

Russian,/kloc-Russian critical realist writer and political thinker in the mid-9th century. His representative works include War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection. In his later years, lev tolstoy always wanted to run away from home after the world outlook changed dramatically, and finally died on the way.

Adolf Hitler-paranoia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, infinite self-abasement, syphilis phobia

German Nazi German head of state, the initiator of World War II. Hitler preached fascism and extreme nationalism and opposed capitalism, capitalism and Judaism. 1945 died of suicide.

Lincoln depression

The16th president of the United States, the first and greatest president of the United States, and the first Republican president abolished black slavery in the United States. Stabbed to death

Churchill-depression

The British Prime Minister is one of the most important political leaders in the 20th century. He led Britain to win the Second World War and was named the greatest Englishman in history.

Johnf nash was born in June 1928. Famous economist, founder of game theory, prototype of the hero of A Beautiful Mind. Former teaching assistant of MIT, later professor of mathematics department of Princeton University, mainly studying game theory, differential geometry and partial differential equations. Because he and two other mathematicians made pioneering contributions to the equilibrium analysis theory of non-cooperative games, they had a great influence on game theory and economics, and won the Nobel Prize in Economics from 65438 to 0994.

Johnf nash, whose full name is John Forbes Nash Jr, was born in a middle-class family in the industrial city of Bloomfield, West Virginia, USA on June 1928. 65438-0950 johnf nash received his doctorate from Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies. An important discovery in his 27-page doctoral thesis is the game theory that was later called "Nash equilibrium". 1994, he and two other game theory experts, John C. Harsanyi and Reinhard Zelten, won the Nobel Prize in Economics. His father, John Forbes Nash, came from Texas, was an electrical engineer, worked for Appalachian Power Company, was a veteran of World War I, and was a lieutenant in charge of logistics in France at that time. Mother Margaret Virginia Martin was born in bloomfield. Before getting married, she was a local primary and secondary school teacher, teaching English and Latin.

Nash was introverted and withdrawn from childhood. He grew up in a family full of affection and warmth, and spent most of his childhood with his mother, grandparents, menstruation and relatives' children. However, he always likes to bury himself in reading or hide to play with his toys instead of playing with other children.

Although Nash Jr. did not show the characteristics of a child prodigy, he was a smart, curious child who loved reading and learning. Nash's mother is closely related to him. Perhaps because of the professional nature of teachers, she is particularly concerned about Nash's education. Long before Nash entered kindergarten, she began to educate and coach him personally. On the other hand, Nash's father likes to share his interest in science and technology with his children. He can patiently answer Nash's various natural and technical questions and give him many popular science books. As a teenager, Nash was particularly keen on doing electrical and chemical experiments, and he also liked to perform in front of other children.

Nash attended local primary and secondary schools in bloomfield. However, at school, Nash is often criticized by teachers for his social barriers, maverick and poor study habits. These problems worried Nash's parents. They tried many methods, but with little effect.

In elementary school, Nash's academic performance (including math performance) was not good, and he was considered by the teacher to be a student whose academic performance was lower than the intelligence test level. For example, in mathematics, Nash's unconventional problem-solving methods have been criticized by teachers. However, Nash's mother was full of confidence in Nash, and later facts proved that this new way was precisely the embodiment of Nash's mathematical talent. This talent began to appear in the fourth grade of Nash Elementary School. In the high school stage, he can often use simple steps to replace the deduction and proof of the teacher-blackboard. What really made Nash realize the beauty of mathematics was probably a book written by E.T. Bell, which he came into contact with in middle school. Nash successfully proved a small problem related to Fermat's last theorem, which is also mentioned in his autobiography.

In his last year of high school, he accepted the arrangement of his parents and took mathematics as an elective course at Bloomfield College, but at this time Nash did not have the idea of becoming a mathematician.

Later, he entered Carnegie Mellon University on June 1945, and began to major in chemical engineering. Later, he gradually showed his talent in mathematics. From 65438 to 0948, Nash, a junior in college, was admitted to Harvard, Princeton, Chicago and the University of Michigan at the same time, and Princeton University showed more enthusiasm. When Lefschetz, head of the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University, felt Nash's hesitation, he immediately wrote to urge him to choose Princeton, which prompted Nash to accept a scholarship of 1 150 dollars.

Because of this generous scholarship and the geographical location close to his hometown, Nash chose Princeton University, came to the place where Albert Einstein lived at that time, and got in touch with him. He showed interest in topology, algebraic geometry, game theory and logic. John vonNeumann and OskarMorgenstern, an economist at Princeton University, wrote Game Theory and Economic Behavior in 1944, which formally laid the foundation of modern game theory by explaining the two-person zero-sum game theory. From 65438 to 0950, 22-year-old Nash graduated with a 27-page doctoral thesis on non-cooperative games. In that 27-page doctoral thesis, he put forward an important concept, which was later called "Nash equilibrium" game theory.

Nash Equilibrium was his doctoral thesis when he was 2 1 year old, which laid the foundation for him to win the Nobel Prize in Economics several decades later.

Nash is interested in topological manifolds in pure mathematics. /kloc-in the summer of 0/950, I worked for RAND Corporation in the United States. At that time, RAND Corporation was trying to apply game theory to military and diplomatic strategies during the Cold War. After returning to Princeton University in the autumn, he did not continue to study communication theory, but began to do what he was interested in when studying for a doctorate in pure mathematics, and taught some undergraduate courses at the same time. But Princeton Mathematics Department didn't teach him, not because of his academic level, but because of his personality factors.

1952 He was 24 years old and started teaching at MIT. His teaching and examination methods are contrary to tradition. If mathematicians in ordinary people's minds are typical NuttyProfessors who are proud of eccentricity, paranoia and arrogance, then you can imagine that Nash can only surpass them. Strangely-perhaps not surprisingly-the buildings occupied by the department of mathematics are often the tallest in some campuses, although they are small, as if to deepen people's impression of the ivory tower.

In the research field, Nash has made some breakthroughs in algebraic cluster theory, Riemannian geometry, parabolic and elliptic equations. 1958, he almost won the Fields Prize for his work on parabolic and elliptic equations, but some of his results were not published in time.

At that time, Nash was "handsome as a god", with a height of 1.85 meters and a weight of nearly 77 kilograms, which was the handsome appearance of the British nobility.

During his days at MIT, he met EleanorStier during a minor leg operation in the hospital, and had an illegitimate child with her when 1953 was 25 years old.

1955, he dated one of his beautiful students, Alicia Rudd, who came from South America and studied in the Physics Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Alicia adored him and finally won his heart after some calculations. /kloc-one night in 0/956, Eleanor came to Nash and found Alicia. Eleanor was very angry and told Nash's father the result. Considering the illegitimate child, his father urged Nash to marry Eleanor. But most of his friends strongly opposed it, saying that Eleanor was too different from him. His father died soon.

1957, they got married. It proved after a long time that this may be more important than winning the Nobel Prize in Nash's life.

Just when his career and love were both proud, Nash was called a "lonely genius" because he liked to be alone and solve mathematical problems that tortured people. He is not a person who is good at dealing with people and is popular with most people. He has the common pride and self-centeredness of geniuses. Most of his contemporaries thought he was unreasonable. They said he was "withdrawn, arrogant, heartless, ghostly and eccentric, so absorbed in his own secret world that he couldn't understand other people's worldly affairs."

After marriage, Nash of 1958 seems to have completely changed, and the symptoms of insanity are completely revealed. Dressed as a baby, he appeared at the New Year's party. Two weeks later, he walked into an office full of professors at MIT with a copy of The New York Times, and announced to people that he was receiving some information through his newspaper, either from mysterious forces in the universe or from some foreign governments, and only he could read the code of aliens. When a man asked him why he was so sure it was information from aliens, he said that the perception of supernatural beings is like thinking in mathematics, without reason or warning.

In autumn, Nash was 30 years old, and she just got a tenure at MIT. Alicia is pregnant. Later, their son john charles martin nash was born. He was diagnosed with severe schizophrenia because of auditory hallucination, and then he was diagnosed and treated continuously. The recovery time was short and there was a new recurrence.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/960, his eyes were glassy, his hair was unkempt, his shawl was long and his beard was overgrown with weeds. He wandered barefoot in the streets of Princeton, and people tried to avoid him when they saw him. 1962, when he was regarded as the winner of Fields Prize (Nobel Prize), the mathematics prize, his mental state missed him again.

In this way, he was almost forgotten by the academic community. In the 1980s, almost all the honors were awarded to him, and they were all given up because of his illness. In the late 1980s, the Nobel Committee began to consider giving the field of game theory a chance. Nash was among the top candidates on the list, but it failed to be realized due to doubts about game theory and concerns about Nash's health.

A few years later, because Alicia couldn't stand living in Nash's shadow, they divorced, but she didn't give up Nash. Alicia never got married after the divorce. Relying on the meager income of computer programmers and the help of relatives and friends, she continued to take care of her ex-husband and their only son She insists that Nash should stay in Princeton, because if a person behaves strangely, he will be regarded as a madman in other places, and in Princeton, a place where talents are widely accepted, people will lovingly think that he may be a genius.

Alicia took good care of Nash for 30 years during his illness. By 1970, he had been transferred to several mental hospitals and his condition was gradually stable.

Nash himself is in a dreamlike state of mind, and his name began to appear in economics textbooks, evolutionary biology papers, political science monographs and mathematical journals in the 1970s and 1980s. His name has become a noun in economics or mathematics, such as Nash Equilibrium, Nash Negotiation Solution, Nash Scheme, Degeorge-Nash Result, Nash Embedding and Nash Breaking.

Nash's game theory is becoming more and more influential, but he himself is unknown. Most young mathematicians and economists who use his theory take it for granted that he has died according to the publication date of his paper. Even though some people know that Nash is still alive, they regard Nash as a dying cripple because of his special illness and state.

In the late 1980s, Nash gradually recovered from madness, and his awakening seemed to meet an important event in his life: 1994, he and two other game theory experts, John C. Harsanyi and Reinhard Zelten, won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Nash didn't give up his research because he won the Nobel Prize. In the autobiography of the Nobel Prize winner, he wrote: "Statistically, no 66-year-old mathematician or scientist can make further progress in his or her previous achievements through continuous research work. However, I still keep trying. My situation may be that I have been out of touch with the routine because I have had some unrealistic thoughts for 25 years, which is equivalent to providing some kind of vacation. Therefore, I hope to achieve some valuable results through the research results up to 1997 or any new ideas that appear later. "

200 1, after decades of ups and downs, Alicia remarried with john nash. In fact, in the long years, Alicia never left Nash mentally. This great woman has been playing with fate all her life, and finally she won. Nash, on the other hand, achieved a balance in the game of gain and loss.

Famous mental patients at all times and in all countries.

Balzac once made an incisive summary of genius and mental patients: "Genius is the pathological state of human beings, just like pearls are the pathological state of shellfish."

Newton, schizophrenia, depression, collected almost all mental diseases in his later years. I don't know if it is the sequela caused by the apple that hit him on the head when he was a child.

newton

Van Gogh, look what he did to himself during his mental illness. He drank turpentine, cut off his ears, and frequently tossed it to the last moment of his life. He shot himself during his mental illness. It is said that his painting "Starry Sky" was painted under abnormal circumstances.

van gogh

Nash, one of the most talented mathematicians in the last century, founded the game theory and won the Nobel Prize of 1994. He suffers from paranoid schizophrenia. I don't know if he should take some responsibility for the name game theory.

Nash

Michelangelo, one of the three outstanding figures in the Italian Renaissance, I learned about him from Teenage Ninja Turtles. He is too autistic to attend his brother's funeral. Autistic people are characterized by living in their own world.

Michelangelo

Churchill, the founder of the famous scissorhands model and chicken soup, also suffered from "black dog" depression in his later years. The name of the disease comes from his motto: "The melancholy in my heart is like a black dog, which will bite me every chance."

Churchill

Lincoln, with a family history of mental illness and severe depression, once saved the whole United States, but could not extricate himself from mental illness. Being assassinated may be an invisible fate, and it seems to be a relief.

This photo looks like T-BAG in Prison Break.

Tolstoy suffered from severe depression in his later years, always saying it was serious. How serious can Tuo Weng be? He no longer believes in everything-others, family and himself, thus losing all his beliefs.

tolstoy

Beethoven, a master musician, is also a bipolar patient. He is often furious, immersed in alcohol self-anesthesia and actively seeks suicide.

Beethoven

Zhang Xueliang: Zhang Xueliang was a serious drug addict during the September 18th Incident with obvious symptoms. The young marshal was obsessed with opium in his early days, and later fell into the predicament of relying on morphine in order to give up smoking addiction. People at that time recalled: "He was full of holes, and later there was no place for needles." "Morphine should be injected once every 20 minutes, with a maximum of 400 injections a day."

Zhang Xueliang

Gao Yang: The whole family headed by the Northern Qi Emperor Gao Yang suffered from severe schizophrenia and mania. Gao Yang killed the princess, threw his head on the banquet table, dismembered it in public, made the bones into musical instruments, and finally gave it a heavy funeral. He cried more than anyone at the funeral.

Levin

Liu Ling: Deep alcohol dependence. Drunk and exposed to drug addiction.

Liu Ling

In ancient China, there were a large number of patients with occupational nervous system diseases. How can you not have autism if you don't go to court for twenty years? Brother Li Honggan Longge, who wrote more than 40,000 poems, is so lacking in self-control. Who can have a more typical disease than his old man?

Beethoven-bipolar disorder

Ludwig van Beethoven (177017 February17-1827 March 26th), a German composer and musician, is one of the representatives of the Viennese classical music school. Ludwig van Beethoven's representative works include Symphony of Heroes, Symphony of Destiny, Pastoral Symphony and Ode to Joy, as well as piano sonatas such as Pathetique, Moonlight, Storm, Enthusiasm, Fantasy and To Alice, as well as the string quartet The Grand Fugue.

1827, genius musician Beethoven died of pulmonary edema. In order to cure the disease, he once turned to alcohol paralysis. 18 13 years, Beethoven experienced a low point in his life. At that time, he didn't pay attention to dressing up, and sometimes he flew into a rage at parties. During this time, he didn't compose any more music. He also wrote a letter to his brother about his life, but at that time he was considering suicide. Beethoven, known to friends, is a manic man. As long as he is in the climax and excitement period, he can write a work at once. But most of his world famous songs were completed in the low tide.

Liu Ling is one of them, isn't it? In others' eyes, he is Brewmaster, a romantic celebrity. In my opinion, he is a heavy drinker, a senior nudist and a standard snake sperm disease.

Liu Ling, born in Guo Pei (now Suzhou, Anhui Province), was a famous figure in Wei and Jin Dynasties and one of the most famous "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in China history. Among the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", Liu Ling is the one with the lowest social status. He is six feet (less than one and a half meters) tall and ugly. Silence is golden at ordinary times, but this does not affect him to run bravely on the road of snake disease.

Liu Ling was famous for drinking all his life, and he was called "drunken Hou". He said he drank second, so I guess no one dared to say first.

How much do you love wine? The most famous thing is that Liu Ling often sits on a deer cart and carries a pot of wine. People follow him with shovels and say, "If I drink to death somewhere, you can bury me on the spot." Celebrities are different. They like funerals, and everything is arranged in advance.

"If I drink to death somewhere, you will bury me on the spot."

Liu Ling is actually an official. He joined the army of General Wang Rong's shogunate. It's just that he advocated inaction and paid little attention to things (most of his main energy was on drinking) and was dismissed from office. Later, the imperial court sent a special envoy to recruit Liu Ling as an official again. His brother didn't want to, so he got as drunk as a fiddler, then took off his clothes and began to perform streaking. Special envoy where seen this way, frighten hurriedly be defeated and flee, the official nature without the following.

Most people think streaking is shocking, but for Liu Ling, it is nothing at all, because her brother is naked. One day, he was happy to drink at home and peeled off his ribs. Someone laughs at him when he sees it. Liu Ling said, "Heaven and earth are Lao Tzu's house, and the house is Lao Tzu's pants. What are you doing in my crotch? " I take heaven and earth as my building and my room as my clothing. Why did you come into my house? )

"Heaven and earth is Lao zi's house, and the house is Lao zi's pants. What are you doing in my crotch? " There is something wrong with this painting. According to historical records, Liu Ling is so plump.

The so-called celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties are not qualified by individuals. You must have some specific skills, such as three popular skills at that time: serving, wandering and whistling. It looks so tall, but it is actually taking drugs, drinking and whistling. Among them, Wushi powder is used for drug abuse. It is said that it is not only high explosive, but also has aphrodisiac effect, which is equivalent to a mixture of ecstasy and Viagra. According to current standards, it is to eat heavy metals one by one. Wang Rong, one of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, fell into the toilet with excitement and was covered in shit when he fished it out. And "flowing" is of course Liu Ling's unique skill.

In short, Liu Ling is a heavy drinker, not to mention anything else. Because he loves drinking, there are many idioms related to it. There are few nice words, such as "bad music on the pillow", "five fights to solve the problem", "chicken ribs", "Tao Tao" and "solving the problem with wine". Literati and poets from all walks of life in the past dynasties felt ashamed and worshipped crazily. There are countless poems written for him, praising his independent personality and rebellious spirit, and treating him as an advanced model of flouting etiquette and avoiding the world by drinking.

But, I think, if it were today, he would be locked up in an insane asylum, abstaining from alcohol and suffering from snake disease at the same time.

Let's talk about two outstanding scientists, both of whom were trapped by mental illness in their later years.

The first one is the familiar John? Nash, the hero of the blockbuster film A Beautiful Mind, is a famous professor at Princeton University and a world-famous mathematician. John? Nash founded the famous game theory and won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. Unfortunately, John? Both Nash and his wife were killed in a car accident on 20 15. John? Nash was 86 years old.

John? Nash's road to science is very bumpy, and his personality is relatively withdrawn. He was a humble boy in primary school and middle school, and it was not until college that he showed his talent in mathematics. At the age of 22, he completed his doctorate in mathematics at Princeton University. At the age of 30, he got tenure at MIT, but he had auditory hallucinations and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Since then, his life has been constantly receiving treatment, recurrent attacks, and moving around in various mental hospitals. But magically, in his later years, he woke up from the pain of schizophrenia and became almost normal. He was also decent at the Nobel Prize ceremony. This is simply a miracle in the history of schizophrenia treatment.

Another psychopath is the famous scientist Newton. He is a world-famous physicist and an encyclopedic "all-rounder", but few people know that Newton had a mental disorder between 50 and 5 1 year. Newton's nervous breakdown has many explanations. The first is overwork, which leads to excessive brain use. Newton often works all night. Secondly, his mother's death gave him a heavy blow. Thirdly, the manuscripts of two books, Optics and Chemistry, which Newton devoted a lot of effort to at that time, were destroyed by a sudden fire, and Newton suffered a heavy mental blow, which led to the onset of mental illness.

1, (manic) depression

Leslie Cheung

Leslie Cheung committed suicide on April Fool's Day in 2003. He suffers from severe depression, but his brother's depression is physiological and caused by the imbalance of chemicals in his brain. The pain is abnormal at the time of onset, and it is difficult to cure because of long-term depression. Many people will misunderstand that my brother's depression is due to emotional problems. Of course, there are some reasons, but I still hope more people know the truth, rather than being simply misled by the media.

2. Schizophrenia Van Gogh

When we appreciate Van Gogh's exquisite paintings, how can we think that he is a serious schizophrenic? 1890 committed suicide in a French mental hospital. Most of his famous works were completed two years after his serious illness. For example, his most famous work Sunflower was written in 1888. I read a story about serious schizophrenia in Van Gogh's later period. Van Gogh met 16-year-old prostitute Rachel in a brothel in arles. Rachel joked with Van Gogh that if she had no money, she would cut off her ear. Van Gogh really cut off her ear and wrapped it for her.

3. Autistic Newton

Newton is a very famous physicist, and his contribution is very, very great, but apart from these outstanding achievements, he is still a seriously autistic person. He hardly talks, loses his temper, has few friends, and no one comes to class. He can talk to himself in the empty classroom. At the age of 50, severe depression and paranoia led to his severe mental failure.

Besides these, there are phobias, personality disorders and so on. Those who are interested can go and have a look.

Newton, Einstein, Napoleon, Genghis Khan, Van Gogh, Beethoven, Kierkegaard, Lincoln, Jung, Byron, San Mao, Sergei Ye Saining, Pushkin, Gordon, Hugo, Gu Cheng, Freud, Dickens, Hemingway, Tchaikovsky, Gorky, Monk, Martin, Picasso.

According to statistics, the proportion of artists suffering from mental illness is relatively large, and the proportion of artists who are composers is far ahead. As we all know, Mahler has heard the feeling of his mental state since his fourth symphony. Perhaps you really need the ultimate composition to create a masterpiece that will last forever.