Life habits and laws of ornamental fish in northeast sail

Excerpt from: Van Gogh's knowledge of Red Sword and his experience in raising it-presented by Da Nan in Ice City.

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Van Gogh Red Arrow is a popular variety for many years, but there are not many fish friends who can really breed well. Van Gogh Red Arrow is a problem child due to various factors of genes and lineages. ...

Closer to home, white hair and mouth cotton are often accompanied, and it is difficult to reproduce. On the internet and in our forum, we often see that some fish friends have sent fish with quite good appearance, and it seems that they are all professionally cultivated. But few fish friends can explain it in detail.

Today, I sorted out some materials and supplemented my own opinions, which may make me feel smelly and long to read. I hope you can forgive me. Please post this immature article. There's something wrong with this. Please give me more advice. At the same time, sending this article is purely a personal hobby. If there is anything strange, please don't check it ... haha.

Red flag fish, also known as swordfish and Xiphophorus helleri, is distributed in Mexico and Guatemala.

Characteristics: viviparous salamander, body length 12 cm. The body is like a spindle. The original species in nature are light blue-green in color. A needle-like fin extends from the lower edge of the male fish tail fin. Commonly known as swordfish, the female fish has no swordfish tail and has three colors of red, white and blue through artificial reproduction. Its representative fish are red sword, green sword, white sword, black fin red sword, black fin white sword, mandarin duck sword and so on.

Most of my friends are mainly high-fin red swords. This paper also focuses on this kind of fish. After artificial breeding, the swordtail fish is miniaturized, only 7-8 cm.

Adaptive temperature: 24~26 degrees is suitable for raising water, and 20 degrees can also be used for normal life and reproduction. Adult fish can reproduce in about 7 months. But after two years of observation, you can reproduce within five months, or even earlier, maybe it is genetic degradation! Maybe it's an improvement! I don't know) once every 30 to 50 days. The life span of swordfish is about 3-5 years. When the fish's dorsal fin tilts slightly, it means that the fish has entered the aging stage.

The hardness of water suitable for farming is 6-9 degrees. pH7-7.2 .

Transsexualization: I've only seen couples who change from women to men, and I've never heard of anything else. If you have any suggestions, please give them to me ... I won't introduce them ... it's of little use.

Bait article:

Whether goldfish or tropical fish, from their feeding habits, can be divided into three categories, namely carnivorous, vegetarian and omnivorous. But it is mainly carnivorous and omnivorous, and only a few fish feed on pure plant bait.

1, animal bait

(1) Protozoa: Common aquatic protozoa include paramecium, amoeba, crustacean, bollworm, rotifer, water wheel worm, etc.

(2) Daphnia: Daphnia belongs to copepods and cladocera in arthropods. Slightly larger, more vital.

(3) Earthworms: (4) Insect larvae: (5) Other animal foods:

2. Plant bait

3. Artificial bait

To sum up, try to eat less and eat more. There are more kinds of fish food, which makes the nutrition more balanced.

Fish disease:

The most common diseases of high-fin red sword are enteritis, dermatomycosis, rotten fin disease, rotten gill disease, white spot disease, cotton mouth disease and exophthalmos. These diseases are generally caused by bacteria and parasites. The simplest solution;

1. Keep changing water for about three days 1/3, adjust the proper water temperature through the heating rod, ensure the normal operation of the filtration circulation system (26-28 degrees), and keep the fish density in the fish tank from being too high.

2. When the fish is found to have symptoms such as floating head, anorexia, unwillingness to swim, fin congestion or fogging. Immediately add about 1% crude salt to the fish tank. After 2-3 days, half of the water is changed, and then an appropriate amount of raw salt is added to keep the salt water concentration at about 1%. Generally, fish can return to normal within a week. In fact, if we can stick to the first point mentioned above, we should isolate the newly arrived fish for a week before putting them into the fish tank. Don't feed them with raw bait at ordinary times, but with dry feed, so that the fish won't get sick easily. In particular, the fish with vertical scale disease (terminal disease in the middle stage) has swollen body surface, some scales expand outward like pinecones, the scales are swollen at the base, and translucent or bloody exudates accumulate inside, which makes the scales stand up. When you press lightly on the scales, a lot of watery liquid will gush out from the base of the scales, and the scales will fall off. Sometimes accompanied by fin base, slight skin bleeding, abdominal swelling and other symptoms. Most diseases of tropical fish are caused by frequent water change.

1, cold syndrome

Fish is a kind of temperature-changing animal, and its body temperature changes with the change of environmental temperature. Generally, the temperature difference between fish and water is only about 0.1c. If the water temperature changes suddenly and the temperature difference exceeds 5℃, the fish will feel unwell, even catch a cold, lose appetite, move slowly, swim abnormally, and even float on the water surface, gradually lose vitality and die. The prevention method is to keep a certain proportion of fresh water and old water when changing water. Only when the water quality becomes worse can all water be changed. However, when changing all the water, we should pay attention to controlling the temperature difference between the old and new water not to exceed 5℃ to avoid getting sick.

2. Hypoxia

For some reasons, the oxygen content in water is low, which leads to a large number of fish deaths due to lack of oxygen. Turn off the aerator in the aquarium at night, and the fish will float to the surface to breathe in the early morning of the next day. If the shutdown time is too long, the oxygen content in the water is lower than the oxygen consumption of the fish, and the mandibular skin of the fish is stretched and covered with bloodshot capillaries, which is commonly known as "floating head". If the oxygen content continues to decrease, it will be more difficult for fish to breathe. At this time, the fish was grumpy, jumping around and dying, and finally died. For hypoxia, prevention should be given priority to, equipped with oxygenator (pump), and pay attention to changing water in time. Otherwise, because the carbon dioxide waste gas released during normal metabolism of fish can be dissolved in water, when the dissolved amount of carbon dioxide in water is too high, it will lead to fish diseases.

3, rotten fin disease

When the water quality is poor, it will be turbid for a long time, stimulated by fresh water too much, the pH value is not suitable, and the fish is not enough to eat. Biting each other leads to bacterial infection and fin rot. Prevention and treatment: 2ppm furacilin solution can be used for cleaning and disinfection; Or soak in 100 kg water and add 3 ~ 5 pieces of furazolidone for disinfection; Or 5-8 tablets of oxytetracycline are added into 100 kg water for soaking and washing; Or soak in low-concentration potassium permanganate solution for disinfection 10 hour; Or soak in gentamicin solution. In addition, we must pay attention to adjusting the pH of water quality.

4, bacterial enteritis

【 Etiology 】 The main causes are eating unclean food or overeating, intestinal fullness, obstruction of excretion, and finally enteritis caused by intestinal bacterial infection.

[Pathogen] Aeromonas punctata.

【 Symptoms 】 Sick fish often have abdominal swelling, erythema, protruding anus, dull fish body, stopping in the corner of the fish tank, muscle twitching for a short time, not eating, and white feces. When you cut open the fish belly, you can see that there is water in the abdominal cavity and the intestinal wall is congested and inflamed. In light cases, only part of the intestine appears red, while in heavy cases, the whole intestine appears purple, and there is no food in the intestine, which is full of yellowish mucus and blood pus.

[Treatment] There are many treatments for enteritis. There are many drugs on the market, such as Naco, Yufukang and sulfaguanidine. And topical drugs such as turmeric, furacilin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, furazolidone, etc. After dilution, it can be sprinkled or soaked in the bath, which can achieve good curative effect.

5, melon disease-also known as white spot disease

[Pathogen] Belongs to Labiatae, Lepidoptera, Lepidoptera. This is a large ciliate. The morphology of larval stage and adult stage is very different. The larvae of cucurbitaceae attack the skin and gills of fish, especially the skin. After infecting the host, the larvae burrow into the epithelial tissue of the skin or gill, wrap the body in the vesicles secreted by the host, grow and develop in the cells, and become adults. The adult broke through the cyst and fell into the water. After swimming freely for a period of time, it falls to the bottom of the water, stops and secretes a layer of colloidal capsules. The worms in the capsule divide and reproduce, producing hundreds or even thousands of ciliated larvae. Larvae come out to swim freely in the water, looking for a host, which is the infection period of small melon worms. The larva infects a new host and restarts its life history.

【 Symptoms 】 It is common for ornamental fish to get sick due to parasitism of cucurbitaceae. In the early stage of fish infection, there are white spots on the chest, back, caudal fin and surface skin. At this time, the sick fish feed as usual. A few days later, white spots covered the whole body, and the fish lost the ability to move. They often moved slowly, floated on the water, swam slowly, lost appetite, lost weight, and the skin was accompanied by bleeding spots, sometimes swinging from side to side, swimming quickly sideways beside the aquarium walls, aquatic plants and gravel, and gradually lost their balance. The course of disease is usually 5 ~ 10 days. The infection rate is extremely fast, and if it is not treated in time, it can cause a large number of deaths in a short time. The suitable water temperature of gourd is 15 ~ 25℃. The disease mostly occurs in early winter, late spring and rainy season, especially in the absence of light, low temperature and live bait. When the water temperature rises to 28℃, the gourd will begin to die.

【 Prevention and cure method 】 Taking advantage of the weakness of high temperature tolerance of zucchini, raising the water temperature and carrying out drug treatment, the cure rate is usually above 90%. If treated in time, the cure rate can reach 100%. The mixed treatment effect of 0.05ppm malachite green and 25ppm formaldehyde solution is better. It can also be soaked in 1% salt water for several days, or soaked in 2ppm methyl blue solution for 6 hours every day; Or soak in quinine hydrochloride solution at 28-30℃ for 3-5 days, or soak in 2ppm mercurous nitrate solution for 30 minutes; Or soaking in 50-70 ppm mercury chloride solution for 5- 15 minutes, or spraying 0. 1-0.2 ppm mercury nitrate solution, all of which can achieve good results.

Diseases caused by parasites:

1. Capillary nematodiasis

[Pathogen] It is capillary nematodes. The length of male worms is1.93 ~ 4.15mm, and that of female worms is 4.99 ~10.13mm. ..

【 Symptoms 】 Parasitic in the digestive tract of fish, the head drills into the mucosal layer of the intestinal wall, destroying the tissue, causing other pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine to invade the intestinal wall and cause inflammation, which can lead to fish death in severe cases. Simply suffering from capillary nematodiasis, because worms absorb nutrients, fish body is emaciated, and growth and development are affected to some extent.

The eggs of capillary nematodes begin to divide after being excreted with feces. When the water temperature is 28 ~ 32℃, it will develop into larvae after 6 ~ 7 days. Larvae usually stay in the egg, and if they don't drill out of the eggshell, they become infectious embryonated eggs, and other fish will be infected after swallowing embryonated eggs.

[Treatment] General prevention is not easy.

2. Uterine nematodiasis

Pathogens are some kinds of uterine nematodes. Because the worm is generally red, it is commonly known as "filariasis". Common pathogens are carp, crucian carp and rattan.

Female carp worm is a kind of uterus-loving nematode, which parasitizes under the skin of carp and other fish, making scales stand up and causing inflammation and congestion of skin and muscles. On inflamed skin, it often causes complications of water mold, and in severe cases, it will lead to the death of sick fish. This disease mainly harms fish over 2 years old. Male worms are parasitic in the swim bladder and abdominal cavity, as small as hair, transparent and colorless. This nematode is viviparous. Larvae is swallowed by cyclops magna and develops in the body cavity of cyclops, and fish is infected by swallowing cyclops. Female nematodes of Carassius auratus parasitize the caudal fin of Carassius auratus, and sometimes they can also parasitize the dorsal fin and anal fin. Sick fish generally do not cause death except that their growth and development are affected to some extent. Male worms are parasitic in the swim bladder and abdominal cavity, as small as hair, transparent and colorless. Life history is similar to that of carp with uterine nematodes. Larvae can survive in water for 13 days, and the intermediate host is cyclops, which is infected by copepods swallowed by fish. Rattan female nematodes are parasitic on the dorsal fin and anal fin of Cyprinidae, and sometimes on the caudal fin. The pathogenicity to the host is roughly the same as that of the crucian carp uterine nematodes. Male worms are parasitic in the abdominal cavity, as small as hair, transparent and colorless.

3. Anchorage disease-also known as echinococcosis and iron anchor disease.

[Pathogen] It is anchovy. The parasitism of anchovy to fish can be divided into three stages: "child worm", "strong worm" and "old worm". Generally, a child worm can develop into a strong worm after 2-3 days. This strong bug is so strong that it can stand up at the touch of its hand. The naked eye can see that the intestine is constantly crawling, with a pair of green oocysts hanging behind it. The old worm is turbid in color and soft in body, inelastic when manual, without oocysts, and the worm often adheres. There are many protozoa such as tired branches, and the worms are close to death at this time. Anchovy can only survive for about 20 days at the water temperature of 25 ~ 37℃. In spring and autumn, you can stay for a month or longer. A few anchovies infected in late autumn can overwinter on fish, and most of them die in winter.

【 Symptoms 】 There are two different types of anchovy diseases, acute and chronic. Acute infection can kill a large number of fish in a short time. A large number of fifth copepod larvae infect fish, destroy fish tissues, and absorb a lot of host nutrients at the same time, which makes fish appear impatient and even swim slowly on the water surface without feeding, resulting in a large number of deaths. Chronic infection is often caused by inflammation, swelling or necrosis of tissues around the parasitic site, and invasion of wounds by water mold and bacteria, which causes other inflammatory complications. The part of the worm exposed from the fish skin is often attached to protozoa and algae, like bundles of gray cotton wool, so it is called "water sickness" In this case, the activity ability of the sick fish is affected, and the parasite absorbs the nutrition of the host, making the fish extremely thin and leading to the slow death of the sick fish. The temperature adaptability of anchovy is wide, ranging from12 to 33℃. Therefore, ornamental fish may be infected with this disease all year round.

[Control method] 0.3-0.5 ppm trichlorfon solution can be used to kill anchovy larvae once every half month, and 5-8 ppm potassium permanganate solution can also be used to soak sick fish.

Abiotic diseases

1. Head perforation

When fish food is partially or completely deficient in nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus or vitamin D, or when fish is infected by flagellates, these nutrients are absorbed by parasites. At the same time, due to the infection of a large number of flagellates, the absorption capacity of the host intestinal mucosa is weakened, leading to nutritional deficiency-perforation.

When a fish lacks any essential nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, its subcutaneous tissue will begin to decompose in blocks, especially the cartilage tissue of its head. At first, these lesions were not easy to detect, because the epidermis of the affected area was still intact, until each lesion was torn and the substances decomposed by white cartilage tissue began to ooze. After a period of time, these secretions will penetrate the surrounding tissues and eventually flow out of the wound. From the appearance of the fish, it can be found that there is a cavity of 1-3 mm around the head and eyes, which looks like white bugs drilling out of the skin. As for the bigger hole, just like a plug with a diameter of several millimeters is pushed out, the hole will expand over time.

During the treatment, besides drug control, we should also pay attention to supplement enough calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in food regularly, and the perforation can be healed. At the same time, adding calcium carbonate and magnesium sulfide into water can speed up the recovery process and prevent perforation.

Step 2 be urgent

When the water temperature, pH value and hardness change too much, the fish will shrink into a ball. If not handled properly, it will often be caused by mixed infection of other pathogens. Treatment methods should focus on prevention, and pay attention to the changes of water quality and water temperature. When adding new water, pay attention to slowly mixing with old water, so that the fish can gradually adapt to the new water. When fish diseases occur, pay attention to keep the water quality stable. If the water quality is poor, a large number of suitable water should be replaced, and drugs should be used to control pathogen infection if necessary.

3. Alkaline diseases

When the water quality is extremely alkaline, fish are prone to get this disease. The symptom is fin weakness, and the only way to prevent it is to change the water frequently, keep the water clean and the pH is appropriate.

Breeding articles:

Breeding the red sword does not mean that the female fish will give birth, mainly depending on whether it has a fetal point in its anus, and the breeding water temperature is about 26 degrees. The baby will be born within 30 hours, usually in the evening or early morning. Therefore, attention should be paid to observation during the isolation of female fish. Small fish swim on the surface of the water or at the bottom of the tank after birth, and seal their bellies for food within a day or two. After giving birth, the female fish needs to be fished out and kept alone for three days (as confinement, hehe). If the female fish continues to be in the tank with the male fish, it will be chased by the male fish. Because the female fish has just finished breeding, she is likely to get sick. A large number of bacteria will be produced in the process of reproduction, so some water should be added in time.

Selected articles of Gao Fen Red Sword:

A good red sword with high fins is nothing more than looking at seven aspects: head, mouth, eyes, fins, abdomen, sword and color.

1 head: slightly smaller, showing strong chest.

2 Mouth: upturned, slightly thicker lower lip, the bigger the upturned angle, the better (digging mouth)

3 eyes: round rhyme, even complementary color. Bright spirit. Close your eyes evenly.

4 fins: stubble should be bright, folds and ridges should be symmetrical, fins should be thick enough, fins should be neat, and fins should be pulled down to stand upright for a long time. This is a very popular middle fin plate now. And the longboard! Dark tendons. Suifan, they are also very good, depending on their personal hobbies.

5 belly: toad belly! Very vivid! I won't say much. A living "spokesperson", hehe.

6 Jian: symmetrical growth, no more than 1/3 of body length, parallel to body angle or low 10 degree.

7 color: the color should be red and black, preferably purple phosphorus, and the dyeing should be even and without spots.

Remember that there is no perfect fish, as long as the more these characteristics are reflected in a fish, it is a good fish, but the price ranges from tens of yuan to several thousand yuan.

Many fish friends think they have been taken in by JS because they bought fish that can't reproduce. In fact, more than 90% of newly laid fish can reproduce, which is due to late reproduction, drugs and degeneration, leading to late infertility. Let's talk about how to choose fish that can reproduce. Take a six-month-old fish as an example.

Female fish: The ventral fin is round and even, with even thickness. After the pectoral fin is smooth, the "belly" and body color on both sides are slightly lighter, indicating that the ovarian development is normal and there is no transition process.

Male fish: strong body, linear flow. At the end of JJ, there is a white tip, a ridge and a rotating performance. It is important that the ventral fins have the ability to balance. Because in the process of mating, no matter which side of the ventral fin will move forward with "JJ", it may be protection or aiming, while the other side needs to keep balance. The sword grows evenly from thick to thin, and the length of the sword body does not exceed 1/3. It is horizontal or crosses the "JJ" by about 10 degrees, and the end is white, which indicates that it is a prime of life or flirting.

Generally speaking, fertilized females can give birth to young fish within 28 days, but in summer, the pregnancy will be shortened by about three weeks. When a female fish is about to give birth, it has some special characteristics. These pre-natal characteristics can be used to put the female fish to be born in the litter box:

1 The abdomen of the female fish expands greatly, forming a square at the fetal point.

2 began to pull black stool, and the defecation was rough.

I don't like eating very much.

Always keep quiet and drive away other fish.

Obviously, the barrel door is a little protruding.

6 The anal fin will contract and the tail will be raised from time to time.

As for fry:

It should be noted that fry should not be too rotten. As for how to handle it, it varies from person to person. Hehe ... my fish should cultivate their adaptability and adaptability to adversity, and it is best to adapt well there, not get sick and be strong. This is my personal play, for reference only. Is there any good way to discuss and learn from each other?

Finally, let's talk about common fish medicines:

Gentamicin (fat. Internal hair)-I usually use injections ... which are sold in pharmacies.

Oxytetracycline (said to be a panacea)-used for dysentery, furuncle and purulent skin infection.

Furazolidone-the external use effect is not obvious. I don't know why it's so amazing. ...

Furacillin (red skin, rotten cheeks, enteritis)-if there is no accident, the red flag fish will live with it for a lifetime. Ha ha.

Methyl blue (rotten tail, red mouth, water mold, parasite)-dyeable. It is not recommended to use whole cans. The practical method is to mix them separately. The treatment method is to soak the diseased fish alone.

Potassium permanganate (used for severe diseases such as white hair or rotten gills and tail). Use it as little as possible. Some fish are injured ...)-Although it is exciting, who can say that it is not needed to lift the red sword? Hmm. How interesting ...

Big salt is also indispensable ...-As for big salt, it can also play a role in disinfection and prevention. It is best not to choose iodine, because the national policy has mandatory provisions. Big salt and refined salt must be iodized, and everyone should pay more attention when buying.