What is the temperature of the weldment and the end of the welding rod in manual arc welding using an AC welding machine?

I don’t understand your question. . . I can’t understand it if I explain it clearly

The temperature of the end of the welding rod should be equal to the welding piece, and the temperature of the arc is greater than the welding piece and the welding rod, which can cause partial melting of the welding piece

Along the length of the arc The welding arc consists of three parts: cathode area, arc column area and anode area.

The heat in the anode region mainly comes from the energy released when free electrons collide with people. Its temperature is approximately 2300°C. The heat generated in the anode region accounts for approximately 43% of the total arc heat.

The heat in the cathode region mainly comes from the energy released when positive ions collide. Emitting electrons from the cathode consumes part of the energy. Therefore, generally speaking, the temperature of the cathode region is lower than the temperature of the anode region. Its temperature is about 2100°C, and the heat generated in the cathode area accounts for about 36% of the total heat of the arc.

The heat in the arc column area accounts for about 21% of the total heat in the arc. However, because the heat dissipation conditions are worse than those in the anode area and cathode area, the temperature is very high, generally between 4700 and 7700°C.

When the welding current is alternating current, since the current changes direction 100 times in 1 second, the electrode and the base material take turns to be the cathode or the anode, so the temperatures of the cathode area and the anode area are the same, equal to their average value.