Information about folk culture

Traditional Festival in China: Spring Festival.

The first day of the first lunar month is the New Year in China. Among the traditional festivals in China, this is the most important and lively one. Because the Lunar New Year is celebrated in late winter and early spring, people also call it the Spring Festival.

China people have many traditional customs to celebrate the Spring Festival. People have been preparing for the Spring Festival since the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. During this period, every household should clean up, buy new year's goods, stick grilles, hang New Year pictures, write Spring Festival couplets, steam rice cakes, prepare all kinds of food, and prepare to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.

The eve of the Spring Festival is called New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve is a time for family reunion. The family sat around, ate a big dinner, and talked and laughed until dawn. It's called shou sui. When the bell rings at 0: 00 on New Year's Eve, people will eat jiaozi. When it was called zero in ancient times, the time of New Year's Eve happened to be the time when the old and new years alternated. People eat jiaozi at this time, which means having sex at a younger age. This is also the origin of jiaozi's name.

New Year's Eve is the first day of New Year's Day. From the first day of junior high school, people will visit relatives and friends and pay New Year greetings to each other. Paying New Year greetings is an important custom in the Spring Festival. During the New Year, everyone should say some auspicious words to wish happiness and health.

Spring Festival custom: setting off firecrackers

At midnight, the New Year bell rang and firecrackers shook the whole sky of China. In this year's ternary moment of yuan, yuan in the month and yuan in the time, some places still light fires in the courtyard to show their high spirits and prosperity. Around the blazing fire, the children set off firecrackers and danced happily. At this time, the bright lights in the house, the sparks in front of the court and the deafening noise outside the house pushed the lively atmosphere of New Year's Eve to a climax.

Firecrackers are a sign of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and also an expression of festive atmosphere. Business people. Setting off firecrackers has another meaning: they set off firecrackers on New Year's Eve to make a fortune in the new year. But according to the old custom, respecting the god of wealth should be the first, and setting off firecrackers should be the last. Legend has it that if you want to get rich, firecrackers will ring at the end. In the old society, since the financial door was opened at midnight during the Spring Festival, there were people who sent the God of Wealth. The God of Wealth held a piece of paper in his hand and shouted outside the door: Here comes the man who sent the God of Wealth! At this time, in order to meet the God of Wealth, the owner of the house gave a reward to the bearer and sent it to the mouth of the God of Wealth. Of course, it is inevitable to say something auspicious. Like the treasure rolling in! On the left is a pair of golden lions, and on the right is a pair of golden phoenix! And so on. There is also a man dressed as a god of wealth, wearing a red robe, a gauze hat, a fake beard on his mouth and a yellow cloth bag to collect money, followed by several drummers, who distributed the god of wealth from door to door in order to ask for a reward. Every time I walk to someone's door, I sing: the left compartment is full of gold and silver, and the right compartment is full of treasures. A lot of good luck can't be said until the owner happily took over the red paper statue of the god of wealth and gave them some money. After thanking them, they knocked on the door for a while, and they went to another house amid the sound of gongs and drums.

After setting off firecrackers and returning home, the first thing everyone does is to worship heaven and earth, god and ancestors. In ancient times, this custom was very popular. Due to different local customs and habits, the forms of ancestor worship are also different. Some go to the wild to sweep graves, and some go to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors. Most of them put their ancestral tablets in the main hall in turn at home to show their worship, and then worshippers worship them in order of age. After worshipping their ancestors, southerners look at the auspicious direction recorded in the almanac this year, lighting lanterns and torches, carrying pots and wine, burning incense and setting off firecrackers, opening doors and traveling to welcome XiShen, which is called fantasy or travel. Zhejiang is called Chu Xun, and Shanghai is called Douxi Shenfang. This custom is to get good luck and pray to God for a smooth year. On New Year's Eve, you stay up all night. That night, housewives were busy hanging lanterns, making colorful decorations, putting up Spring Festival couplets, cutting window grilles and putting up New Year pictures, decorating their homes in red, green and green, adding a rich atmosphere to the festival. Perhaps what children expect most is lucky money. Lucky money is given to the younger generation by the elders. In some families, everyone is not allowed to leave the table after the New Year's Eve. After everyone has finished eating, the elders give it to the younger generation to encourage their children and grandchildren to learn and improve in the new year. In some families, parents put their children under pillows after they fall asleep at night, and in more families, children gather in the main hall, shouting Happy New Year to grandparents and parents, and queuing up to bow down; Then reach for the red envelope. Even returned to my grandparents' bedroom and ran to the bed together, shouting: lucky money, lucky money! The old man felt that it was not lively enough, so he pretended to be stingy. From bargaining to siege, he finally dug up the red envelope of his ancestors. Everyone took them and roared away. The old man was overjoyed to see this scene and thought it was a good sign for all the best in the new year.

People's traditional ideas always like to get more good luck during the Spring Festival, and hope everything goes well. There are many old customs among them. If there is a custom of prohibiting the use of brooms everywhere, it is considered that using brooms in the New Year will sweep away luck and wealth, and it is difficult to make good luck in the new year. If you must sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. In order to make this custom popular, the first day of the first month is also designated as broom birthday. Don't scold children during the Chinese New Year, and you must pay special attention to what you say. If a child accidentally breaks his job, people will never scold him. On the contrary, it is said that he is safe all the year round, and the homophonic sound of breaking and smashing rushes into an ominous atmosphere. Chinese New Year is coming, and adults are most afraid of children saying something unlucky. In some places, in addition to looking horizontally and vertically, you will wipe your mouth with a piece of red cloth or toilet paper, which means that even if you say something unlucky, it is equivalent to farting. Others put oranges and lychees on pillows and call them "year-old fruits". Oranges and lychees are homonyms for good luck in the coming year. In some areas, there is also the custom of stealing the statue of the god of wealth, and hiding it in the crotch after stealing it, in order to take the meaning of the idiom "the god of wealth puts in storage (pants)". Among these whimsical tastes and customs, there are many people who have worked hard in the past dynasties to flatter the god of fate.

On the morning of the Spring Festival, when the door is opened, firecrackers are first set off, which is called opening firecrackers. After the firecrackers, the ground was covered with broken red, which can be called a house full. At this time, the streets were full of anger and joy.

Customs of Spring Festival: stick grilles

During the Spring Festival, people in many areas like to stick various paper-cuts and window grilles on their windows. Window grilles can not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also bring people beautiful enjoyment, integrating decoration, appreciation and practicality.

Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often attached to the window, people generally call it window grilles.

Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often attached to the window, people generally call it window grilles. With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and decorate festivals with prosperity and celebration.

Spring Festival custom: paste the word blessing

During the Spring Festival, every household should stick large and small blessings on doors, walls and lintels. It's a long-standing folk custom in China to stick blessings on the Spring Festival. According to Liang Lu's Dream, when I was young, in your hometown, I laid a mat in a department store and painted a peach symbol of the keeper to welcome the arrival of spring. Scholars, big or small, should sweep the floor, remove dust, clean the house, change the door gods, hang Zhong Xu, nail peaches, stick spring cards and worship ancestors. The spring card on this paper is a blessing written on red paper.

The word "fu" is now interpreted as happiness, but in the past it meant good luck and good luck. No matter now or in the past, people's longing for a happy life and their wishes for a better future are pinned on the New Year. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, the people simply put the word "fu" upside down, indicating that happiness has fallen and blessings have arrived. There is also a folk legend that the word "fu" is posted backwards. Ming Taizu used the word "Fu" as a secret memory to prepare for the murder. In order to eliminate this disaster, the good-hearted horse queen asked all the families in the city to post blessings on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is put on every door. If one of the families can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to the streets to check and found that every family had posted the word "Fu", and another family had posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. Seeing that something was wrong, Ma Huanghou quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang: The family knew that you were visiting today, and deliberately reversed the word "Fu". Isn't that what "Fu" means? When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.

There are also folk people who carefully make the blessing characters into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on. In the past, there was a folk saying that twenty-four families in the twelfth lunar month wrote big characters. In the past, most Chinese characters were handwritten, but now they are sold in markets and shops.

Custom of Spring Festival: Shounian

In our country, people have the habit of keeping watch on New Year's Eve. Watching the new year begins with eating New Year's Eve dinner. This New Year's Eve dinner should be eaten slowly, starting with lighting lanterns, and some families have to eat it until late at night. According to Zonggu's records of Jingchu's age, there was a custom of New Year's Eve dinner at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Keeping old at the age of 30, commonly known as endure the year. Why is it called endure the year? There is an interesting story circulating from generation to generation among the people: It is said that there was a fierce monster in the flood era in ancient times, and people called it "Nian". Every New Year's Eve, Nian beast will climb out of the sea to kill people and animals, destroy the countryside and bring disaster to people who have worked hard for a year. In order to avoid the Nian beast, people close the door early on the 30th night of the twelfth lunar month, dare not sleep, wait until dawn, and drink to kill time and courage. On the first morning of the new year, you dare not go out until the Nian beast comes out. When people saw it, they bowed to each other, congratulated each other, and were glad that they had not been eaten by Nian beast. After many years, nothing happened, and people relaxed their vigilance against Nian beast. On the evening of 30th one year, Nian beast suddenly fled to a village in the south of the Yangtze River. A village was almost eaten up by Nian beast, and only a pair of newly-married couples in red curtains were safe and sound. There are also a few childish ones who lit a pile of bamboo in the yard and are playing. The fire is red, and bamboo burns and explodes. When Nian beast saw the fire, he turned around and fled. From then on, people know that Nian beast is afraid of red, light and noise. At the end of each year, every household sticks red paper, wears red robes, hangs red lights, beats gongs and drums, and sets off firecrackers, so that Nian Beasts dare not come again. After the ancients burned bamboo poles, the air in the bamboo seams expanded, and the bamboo cavity burst, making a crackling sound. This is the origin of "firecrackers". However, villagers in some places don't know that Nian beast is afraid of red and is often eaten by Nian beast. This story later spread to Zixing in the sky. In order to save people, he is determined to destroy Nian beast. One year the beast came out, knocked it down with a fireball and chained it to a stone pillar with a thick chain. From then on, every New Year, people always burn incense and ask Zixing to come down to keep safe.

This night, even two years old, the family reunited and got together. The family sat together and the table was full of tea and fruit. If you can't get a big plate of apples in your youth, it's called peace. In the north, some families will provide a pot of rice, which is cooked before the New Year. It's called Chinese New Year's dinner, which means that there are leftovers every year, which can't be eaten all year round, and this year we still eat the grain of the previous year. This kind of New Year's meal is usually a mixture of rice and millet. There is a saying in Beijing that rice is two meters and one meter, which is for yellow and white. This is called gold, silver and golden rice, full of a pot of gold and silver. In many places, cakes, melons and fruits are prepared to win a lucky one: eating dates (spring comes early), persimmons (all the best), almonds (gratifying), longevity fruit (immortal) and rice cakes (getting higher every year). On New Year's Eve, the family ate happily, talking and laughing. Some vulgar families push pai gow, roll dice, bet on stud and play mahjong, and the noise of laughter and laughter has become the climax of New Year's Eve.

Spring Festival custom: New Year greetings

New Year greeting is a traditional folk custom in China, and it is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express their best wishes to each other. In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly, including kowtowing to the elderly, congratulating them on a happy New Year and greeting their lives. In case of friends and relatives of the same generation, you should also salute and congratulate.

New Year greetings usually begin at home. On the morning of the first day, after getting up, the younger generation should first pay a New Year call to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life and all the best. After the elders worship, they should distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. After greeting the elders at home, you should also greet people with a smile when you go out to meet them, and exchange auspicious words such as congratulations on getting rich, good luck in the four seasons, and happy New Year. Neighbors, relatives and friends will also visit each other, pay New Year greetings to each other or invite them to drink and entertain.

In ancient times, if there were too many relatives and friends in the neighborhood, it was difficult to visit the whole house, so servants were sent to bring business cards to pay New Year's greetings, which was called flying cards. There is a red paper bag with the words "Fu Jie" written on it in front of every house, which is used to hold flight cards. New Year cards and gifts since the Spring Festival are the legacy of this ancient exchange of flying cards.

With the development of the times, the custom of New Year greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, in addition to following the previous way of greeting the New Year, etiquette telegrams and telephone greetings have mushroomed.

the Lantern Festival

The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. Because the first month is also called January, the night of the fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night in a year, and Xiao means night, so the festival on the fifteenth night of the first month is called Lantern Festival.

On the Lantern Festival, people in China have the custom of enjoying lanterns and eating Yuanxiao. As the saying goes, the fifteenth day of the first month is full of lanterns, so the Lantern Festival is also called the Lantern Festival.

The custom of enjoying lanterns on the Lantern Festival has a history of more than 2,000 years. Lantern Festival is full of lanterns and colorful decorations, which is very lively. When night falls, people flock to see lanterns. Colorful palace lanterns, wall lanterns, figure lanterns, lanterns, animal lanterns, toy lanterns ..... are merged into a sea of lanterns. Some lanterns also have riddles written on them, which make the lantern watchers scramble to guess.

Eating Yuanxiao is a traditional custom of China people. As early as 1000 years ago in the Song Dynasty, there was this kind of food. Yuanxiao is a small ball made of glutinous rice flour, and the stuffing is made of sugar and various nuts. When cooked, it tastes sweet and delicious. Because this kind of food was eaten on the Lantern Festival, people later called it Yuanxiao. China people want everything to be perfect. Eating Yuanxiao on the first full moon night at the beginning of the year means their family reunion, harmony, happiness and fulfillment.

Marriage Custom of Liangshan Yi Nationality-Pre-marital Etiquette Before the democratic reform, Liangshan Yi nationality had a strict marriage system and could not intermarry with foreigners. No intermarriage between different grades; Can't get married in the same branch; Cousins can't get married, but aunts, uncles and cousins have the priority to get married. If you violate it, you will be reviled for life, and if you lose face, you will be executed. With the development and progress of society, some restrictions have been relaxed, but most of them have been inherited. Yi men and women are generally ... singing and dancing-Yi Torch Festival Torch Festival is the largest traditional festival of Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan. The time is June 24th of the lunar calendar every year. Every family drinks, eats meat and kills animals to worship their ancestors. People put on new clothes and carry out cultural and sports activities with national characteristics. Men take part in bullfighting, herding sheep, raising chickens, horse racing and wrestling. Women sing, play strings and play Qin Yue. Swim the flashlight around the house at night; On the third night, I traveled around Shan Ye in groups with torches, and then I focused on a strange and romantic wedding custom. The wedding of Mosuo people is a wonderful flower in all kinds of wedding customs in the world. 1, married couples, love is the most important. Marriage customs prevail among Mosuo people along Lugu Lake, and more than 90% of Mosuo men and women still practice marriage customs. Only less than 10% of men and women need to live together because of marriage, or because there are men and women at home, they regard women as their roots; Mosuo people value women and have to marry a daughter-in-law to continue the incense. Their Liangshan Yi wedding is very interesting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, which is the largest Yi area in China. For thousands of years, the industrious and brave Yi people have displayed their unique ethnic customs, among which the most striking is the unique and charming wedding scene of the Yi people. All Chinese and foreign tourists who have witnessed the wedding scenes of the Yi people will leave unforgettable memories in their minds ... No matter how far the journey is, the wedding customs of the Yi people in Liangshan are regional, but they are similar, with their own strengths and characteristics. After changing clothes, the girl began to wait for the arrival of marriage and fate. In the past, the marriage of Yi girls was decided by their parents, but some rebels broke away from their parents and fought for the freedom of marriage. Now the times have changed, and both parents and individuals have to participate in the decision of marriage. 1. Before the democratic reform in Sichuan, the Yi people in Ebian practiced strict hierarchical marriage, family support marriage and intermarriage of Yi people, and commercial marriage prevailed, and intermarriage between Yi people and foreigners was not allowed. My aunt's daughter has priority to marry my uncle's son. If she wants him to get married, she should give my uncle a gift. The age of marriage is not limited for young men, but for women, it must be seventeen, nineteen and twenty-one, and the general age of marriage is seventeen. Yi people are monogamous and have the concept of having more children and more wealth. Moon cakes for collectors-Daofuhua Momo Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, enjoying the moon and tasting moon cakes is a long-standing traditional folk custom of Han nationality in China. Tibetans don't have this custom, but the Mid-Autumn Festival is as popular among Tibetans in Xianshui Town and Xiede Township of daofu county as the Han nationality. On this day, every household will make a Tibetan-style moon cake, commonly known locally as Hua Mo. What is a flower bun? As the name implies, it is a sandwich made of flour. The Yi customs, Torch Festival, Bobo Festival, weddings and funerals of the Yi and Bobo nationalities in Dechang County are all very distinctive. Dashi Tombs along Anning River and Zida River are the tombs of ancient Duqiong people, and are listed as key protected cultural relics in Sichuan Province. Dechang is the county with the largest population of Yi people in Sichuan Province, where the folk customs are primitive and the most complete traditional customs of Yi people are preserved. Dechang has always been popular with the traditional festival of the Yi people: the Stone Festival. Is it coincidence or tradition behind Arbor Day? Last year, I noticed that near Lanzhou, willows mostly germinated around March 20 in the solar calendar. When we think of Lanzhou, which was called the land of bitter cold in ancient times, the phenology in Lanzhou area should be very different from that in the Central Plains. How big is it? So, I went to the book, and found in Lu's "Spring and Autumn Rendi" that 57 days after winter, Acorus calamus germinated, and Acorus calamus was the first of the hundred herbs. At this time, spring ploughing began. This record should be based on the phenology of Peony Society in Tian Peng, Central Plains, located in Pengzhou, northern Chengdu. It was called Tian Peng in ancient times. It is a peony planting base in Sichuan. Historically, it was once known as the four peony production bases in China, together with Luoyang in Henan, Cao Zhou in Shandong and Haoxian in Anhui. The poet Lu You once said: Luoyang peony is the first, Zhongzhou peony is the first, and peony is the first. It shows that it is quite famous to grow peony in Pengzhou during the Tang and Song Dynasties. In order to carry forward this local folk culture tradition, Pengzhou is scheduled to hold the Old Chengdu Tea Shop around Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, and the Old Chengdu Folk Town in the western suburbs of Chengdu is beautiful in spring. After drinking a round of wine, there was a faint scent of Sichuan-style pork in my mouth. Mr. Feng Shuimu, a member of the Provincial Writers Association, and Mr. Wang Dawei, an expert in literature and history, walked into the teahouse in this city. Two old Chengdu told tea drinkers the story of old Chengdu and recalled the old teahouse in Chengdu more than half a century ago. Civilians Tea Shop and Overtime Tea 1935, Chengdu Lantern Festival in Chengdu, Sichuan, are traditional folk activities developed on the basis of the Lantern Festival. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, described in his poem "Going to the Yuan Dynasty on a Fixed Tour" that the grand occasion of Chengdu Lantern Festival was the peak of the splendid stadium, with thousands of tourists and ladies. Advocate the boiling sky at noon and bright lights at dusk. From 1962, Chengdu resumed the Spring Festival Lantern Festival, which lasted for one month. During the Lantern Festival, there is a folk art in the park, Dujiangyan Qingming Water Splashing Festival. The excavation of the stone statue of Li Bing in the Eastern Han Dynasty provides strong evidence that the people in the irrigation area began to commemorate Li Bing in the Eastern Han Dynasty more than 800 years ago. During the period of Qi Jianwu, Yizhou Secretariat Liu Ji Company moved the head of Dujiangyan Canal to Dan County, and changed the original temple to Li Bing and named it Chongde Temple. Emperor Taizong praised General Li Bing for his bravery. Xuanzong was lucky in Shu, and Li Binghou was sealed in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province. Every year, a water release ceremony is held in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Li Bing presided over the creation of Dujiangyan, making the Sichuan Plain, which has suffered from floods and droughts for a long time, a rich and world-renowned land of abundance, and the people's feelings for him are unforgettable. Dujiangyan is the source of abundance, and Li Bing is the first hero to build a weir. Dujiangyan will live forever and shine forever, and Li Bing will be respected by the world forever. As the Spring Festival of South China Ice and Snow Festival is approaching, Sichuanese don't have to go to the north to enjoy snow skiing. The first South China Ice and Snow Festival in China will be held in Xiling Snow Mountain, Chengdu, Sichuan on June 6th, 200 1 year/kloc-0. At the same time, Jiuzhaigou, Emei Mountain, Hailuogou, Longchi, Wolong Giant Panda Nature Reserve and Wawushan National Forest Park will set up ice and snow festivals. This activity, jointly sponsored by seven scenic spots in Sichuan, will be the first large-scale lantern festival in southern China. The Lantern Festival in Chengdu is one of the traditional customs in southern China. Chengdu Lantern Festival is a traditional folk activity developed on the basis of Yuanxiao viewing custom. According to historical records, Chengdu Lantern Festival originated in Jing Yun, Tang Ruizong in the second year of Chengdu. At first, it was only held on the fifteenth day of the first month 1 night, but it increased to 3 nights in the Tang Xuanzong, 5 nights in the Northern Song Dynasty and 6 nights in the Southern Song Dynasty, and further increased to 10 night in the Ming Dynasty. The grand occasion of Chengdu Lantern Festival is a special hobby of Chengdu people. According to the local characteristics of Life Story at the Age of Years written by Chengdu people in Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, teahouses can be seen everywhere in urban and rural areas. Chengdu Teahouses not only have a long history and a large number, but also have their own unique style. No matter which teahouse you enter, you will appreciate a strong Chengdu flavor: bamboo chairs, small square tables, three-headed tea sets, tiger stoves, copper pots, and the waiter's efforts to add water, all of which leave a deep impression on you. Chengdu Teahouse has fought three battles-Dragon Boat Festival Xinjin Duanyang Festival is one of the traditional customs of people in southern China. Although Chengdu is north of the Yangtze River, it is also a land of water towns, so the history of dragon boat racing is also very long. Until the 1960s, the dragon boat race in Chengdu was still held on the Jinjiang River near Wangjiang Park. However, after the 1970s, the rivers in the urban areas were no longer suitable for holding dragon boat races. Therefore, Nanhe, Xinjin County, Chengdu, with its superior geographical conditions, put the Dragon Boat Festival aside ... Qiang customs. Qiang people claim to be Rima and Ermayina, both of whom belong to the same surname. Qiang belongs to him, from sheep to people, which means Xirong herding sheep. In history, the Qiang nationality is famous for raising sheep, so the relationship between the Qiang nationality and sheep is very close, and the custom of worshipping sheep is still preserved. Qiang language belongs to the Qiang branch of Tibetan-Burmese language family, which is divided into two parts: north and south. A nation's natural, social and living environment determines its spiritual world, living habits and social customs. Because the living environment of the same nationality and different nationalities is very different, it determines the diversity and particularity of the living customs and social customs of different nationalities. The folk custom of pig hunting in forty-eight villages mentioned in this paper is a unique Tibetan culture of Beichuan Qiang nationality, which is profound and has a long history. Five hundred years ago, the ancestors of Jiuzhaigou moved here from Ali, a distant place in Tibet, and have thrived for generations, working hand in hand with the surrounding Qiang, Hui and Han nationalities to create a unique Kangba culture. Up to now, Jiuzhaigou people's daily necessities, weddings, funerals, and modes of production still maintain a rich and simple Tibetan tradition: exquisite costumes, fierce broadsword costumes, jewelry, and jewelry. The concept of jewelry is generally used as an ornament of human body and clothing in China culture, but in Tibetan culture, especially for women, it is more appropriate to wear the word all over. All kinds of jewelry and pendants are all over the body. Hairpins, hairpins, bone rings, jade plates, hair bead chains and various earrings worn on the head; Necklaces, beads, brackets of ancient metal sacred objects, Gawu and other protective ornaments worn on the chest; The waist is a Tibetan diet. Tibetans mainly smoke and barbecue, supplemented by highland barley wine, butter tea, yogurt and other drinks. Tibetans in Jiuzhaigou have lived in cold areas since ancient times, forming a complete habit that is completely different from other fraternal peoples. Tibetan people have deep feelings for their traditional food and customs, just like customs. While tourists covet the beautiful mountains and rivers here, if you take another bite of sweet Baba, rich buttered tea and a cup of mellow pear wine, you can taste this land ... There are many types and characteristics of Tibetan architecture, which can be roughly divided into four types: temple palace, garden, folk house and tower. Tibetan and Qiang festivals Mazi Festival The first month of the lunar calendar is an annual festival for Tibetans. The most solemn festival in Jiuzhaigou is the Asako Festival on March 15 of the lunar calendar. On this day, men, women and children all dressed up and went to Zharu Temple to attend the temple fair, burn incense and worship God, turn to Buddha, and present Hada to teachers, relatives, monks and lamas to express their good wishes. There are also singing, dancing, Tibetan opera and other celebrations at the temple fair. Young men and women often look for bosom friends and make friends on this day. The annual Deduo Festival ... Tibetan and Qiang songs and dances. Tibet is called the ocean of singing and dancing. Tibetan people are good at singing and dancing. In pastoral areas, interesting spring fire parties are often held. People stayed up all night singing and dancing. In towns, as long as the weather is a little warmer, people will take their families out, drink highland barley wine and dance folk dances in the Woods. It is a popular hobby and entertainment. Tibet is indeed an ocean of singing and dancing. It can be said that every family in Tibet has a dance and everyone can dance. Tibetan and Qiang customs prohibit receiving guests. Whether walking or talking, they always put guests or elders first, and use honorifics, such as adding the word "la" after their names to show respect and kindness, and avoid calling them by their first names. You should bend your knees and smile when welcoming guests. Sit cross-legged indoors, don't straighten your legs, face people, and don't look around. When accepting gifts, you should. After a long period of development, the basic doctrine of maintaining Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism with strong Tibetan characteristics and local characteristics have been formed, commonly known as Lamaism. There were many sects in the history of Tibetan Buddhism. At present, there are mainly four sects, namely Gelug Sect (commonly known as Yellow Sect), Ma Ning Sect (commonly known as Red Sect), Sakya Sect (commonly known as Flower Sect) and Kagyu Sect (commonly known as White Sect). Zharu Temple is located in Jiuzhai.

De 'ang people also celebrate the Songkran Festival. On the seventh day after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the most distinctive custom of the De 'ang People's Songkran Festival is to wash the hands and feet of the elders, in addition to splashing water for blessing and dancing elephant drums. At that time, the younger generation of each family should prepare a pot of hot water and put it in the center of the hall, invite their parents and other elders to come out and sit in the hall, kowtow to them and ask them to forgive their filial piety in the past year. The elders should also review what they have not done enough in the past year to set an example for the younger generation. Then, the younger generations wash their hands and feet for their elders and wish each other a harmonious and hardworking atmosphere in the coming year. If parents die, brothers and sisters, sister-in-law and brother-in-law will all become the objects of washing hands and feet.

This custom comes from an old legend: On the seventh day after Tomb-Sweeping Day died, a disobedient son worked in the mountains. Seeing the scene of young birds feeding back, he realized something and decided to treat his mother well. At this time, his mother was preparing to come to the mountain to deliver food to her son and accidentally slipped. Her son came to help her, but she thought his son had come to hit her and ran into a tree. My son is very regretful. He cut down the tree and carved it into a statue of his mother. Every year, on the seventh day after Tomb-Sweeping Day's death, he would wash the statue in warm water sprinkled with petals. Later it evolved into a custom.

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Every nation has its own unique culture and living habits. Tibetans are an ancient and enthusiastic people. In the long history, they also formed their own living habits and taboos.

1. When two friends meet after a long separation, greet each other or chat, you can't put your hand on each other's shoulder.

2. You can't step on or step on other people's clothes, nor can you put your own clothes on other people's clothes, let alone cross people.

3. Women should not hang up their clothes, especially the pants and underwear that people pass by.

Don't whistle or cry loudly in the house.

5. The family is not at home, the guests have just left, noon and sunset, and on the first day of the Tibetan New Year, you can't sweep the floor or take out the garbage.

6, outsiders can't mention the name of the deceased in front of the relatives of the deceased.

7. What should be done this year can't be done next year, such as knitting wool, sweaters and carpets.

8. At dusk, you can't just go to other people's homes, especially if there are pregnant women who have given birth and women who have just given birth or seriously ill patients. Strangers can't go.

You can't take any property out of the house after noon.

10, a stranger who has never been to mountains and cliffs and canyons, can't talk loudly.

1 1, you can't cross or step on eating utensils, pots and pans, etc.

12. Two people at home go out at the same time and go in the opposite direction. They can't go out at the same time. They must go out before and after, and the time to go out should be separated.

13, women can't comb their hair and wash their hair at night, nor can they go out with their hair covered.

14. When using brooms and dustpans, you can't pass them directly by hand. You must put them on the ground first, and then another person will pick them up from the ground.

15, whenever relatives and friends visit your home or visit you, they will send you some butter tea or highland barley wine as gifts. Guests can't leave everything empty when they leave. Be sure to leave some in it or change something for themselves.

16, chipped or cracked bowls can't be used for eating or pouring tea for guests.

Yi ethnic group

Torch Festival of Yi people, that is, the Year of Yi people. In the eyes of Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice and prosperity, and a powerful force that can destroy all evil. Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for Yi people. 3. Customs and Excise Department

Lunar New Year is a traditional grand festival in China, which I believe is unknown to all people in China. However, celebrating the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong is quite different from the tradition in terms of customs and atmosphere.

In recent years, few Hong Kong people put up Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures at home during the Lunar New Year. Instead, Spring Festival couplets are posted in some shops or at home, such as prosperous business and safe access. Even so, the original intention of posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures is the same as that of posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures. I hope everything will be smooth and safe in the coming year.

In addition, lion dances and dragon lanterns will also appear in some villages and villages in the New Territories. It is difficult to see large-scale lion dances and dragon lanterns on the streets of urban areas in the New Year. As for setting off firecrackers and firecrackers, it is forbidden in Hong Kong. However, since 1982, a grand fireworks display has been held in Victoria Harbour every year on the second night of the Lunar New Year, which has been a program to welcome the Spring Festival for more than ten years.