Research and study of Cantonese opera

The upper six lines/reverse lines The upper six notes are equivalent to the two notes 1 and 5 in the scale. "Reverse Line Two Yellow Adagio" and "Reverse Line Bangzi Medium Tempo" use the upper six lines to set the tone. The anti-line Erhuang Adagio has a sad and desolate flavor. There are two singing methods of Fanxian Shigong Zhongban. The first singing method is about five degrees lower than that of Baqiang Zhongban, because Fanxian is close to the singing method of Baqiang, but the voice is not as high-pitched as Baqiang, and it has a tragic feeling; The second type is to sing with a nearly flat throat, which will feel lower. In the tuning of Cantonese opera music, the negative line is five degrees lower than the positive line. Now, for the sake of convenience, many people think that the reverse line is similar to the key of G in Western music, but this is wrong because the modes of the two are not the same. In addition, because the pitch of some ditties is too high or too low, reverse lines are also used during singing to adapt to the actor's voice condition.

Bahe Guild Hall is a guild organization for Cantonese opera artists. It was established after the ban on Cantonese opera was lifted in the Qing Dynasty. It was named "Bahe", which means "harmony in all directions". The guild hall is divided into eight halls. Including "Zhaohetang" for Gongji, Zongsheng, Zhengsheng, Xiaosheng and Dahuamen; "Yonghetang" for Xiaowu and Wusheng; "Qinghetang" for Erhuamian and Liufen; Huadan, Yandan, "Fuhe Tang" for playing (naughty) and laughing; "Xinhe Tang" for ugly men and ugly women; "Dehe Tang" (i.e. Luanyu Tang) for fighting martial artists and tigers of the five armies; "Luanyu Tang" for taking on and selling plays "Shenhe Hall"; and "Puhe Hall" on the shed surface. Today, the Hong Kong Pat Wo Association is a trade union organization similar to Cantonese opera practitioners; due to the merger and name change of the halls, the organization of the Hong Kong Pat Wo Association is relatively simple.

The seven-star step is a basic footwork used in all walks of life. It is said that this step is named after taking seven steps according to the arrangement of the Big Dipper. However, during actual performances, actors can increase the number of steps according to the size of the stage, but it is usually an odd number of steps.

When Erbu Zhen performs in the Shengong Opera, the six main actors of the troupe only perform night plays and day plays on festivals; while the six main actors who perform day plays on non-Chinese festivals are collectively called Erbu Needle. Erbu Zhen is a second- or third-tier actor. Due to the six-column system, the second gang of Hua Dan is classified into the six columns, so the third gang of Hua Dan is called Erbu Zhen. The second-step needle is composed of the third student, the third gang Hua Dan, the fourth student, the fourth gang Hua Dan, the second ugly student and the second martial arts student.

Three-year-olds Please refer to "early-year-olds".

The actor's entrance is called "the next stage", or simply the next stage.

The actor's appearance is called "going on stage", or simply "up". "Shang" is also a spectrum character in Gongchipu.

Next sentence Please refer to "previous sentence, next sentence".

The underlings refer to the less important roles in the troupe, including "men" who play soldiers and servants, "pull" who plays idle roles, and "meixiang" who plays maids, palace maids and female soldiers. "wait.

Just as Yindan Cantonese opera has developed into the "six-pillar system", the entire opera is now played by six main actors. Each actor needs to break through the limitations of his or her original profession and act in several professions at the same time. Zhengyin Dan is the first heroine in the class, and there is no big difference in performance art from Erbang Hua Dan (the second heroine). Both of them combine the roles of Wudan, Tiedan, Huadan and Qingyi.

Wenwusheng was a new profession in Cantonese opera performances in the 1920s and 1930s. Since then, Wen Wusheng has become the collective name for the leading male lead in any Cantonese opera troupe.

The Wu Sheng in Cantonese Opera is also known as the "Xu Sheng". He sings and performs duets. He basically plays the role of a scholar and often wears a black beard. There is another kind of person with a white beard called "Gongji", whose singing voice is vigorous and sad. It was originally a "mo" line, but now it has also been merged into the wusheng line.

The name of the traditional Cantonese opera profession of niche. Generally speaking, Xiaosheng is a male character who plays literary dramas without wearing a beard. Since the rise of the six-pillar system in the 1930s, niche students have become the "second male lead" or "supporting actor" in the class. A type of ugly character who plays a funny character.

Henchmen refer to the roles of soldiers, servants, etc.

A type of character who plays an older male character.

A type of Huadan role, playing the role of young female characters in opera.

Meixiang refers to minor female roles such as maids, palace maids and female soldiers.

The name of the character, who often plays a character with a strong personality, usually symbolizes his character with an open face.

Please refer to "武生" for Xu Sheng.

A theater troupe or troupe is called a troupe in the industry.

The name of a theater troupe or troupe is "banpai", and the person in charge of each classpai is called the class leader. The class card does not necessarily represent a troupe with fixed members. Although many band leaders have a regular roster of members, the band leader may hire different actors, musicians, and crew members for each performance as appropriate.

In a theater troupe, except for a few major roles, the other minor actors are collectively referred to as the troupe.

Please refer to "Class Leader" for the class name.

The suitcase has the following meanings:

1. In the backstage of the theater, the box where actors’ costumes are placed is called a suitcase; in addition to the boxes placed on the pillars, suitcases are also Place it on the stage behind the background to the left of the actor facing the audience.

2. The staff who manage the costumes for the actors, also known as the suitcases, are not only responsible for changing clothes and handling chores for the actors, but also need to arrive backstage early and choose a convenient and spacious location. Box location.

The actor refers to the actor who performs.

A veteran actor.

Actress is a female actress whose career is singing Cantonese opera.

One board and one ding is a way of combining beats, also known as "one ding and one board". In the entire singing and gongs and drums system, "ban" is more important than "ding" because ban controls the speed, and the last word at the end of the singing must be in the position of ban. Ding, also known as "eye", is the beat that controls the transition between boards. The symbol used to represent rhythm and beat is called "dingban". A ban and a ding are similar to the two beats of Western music. The first beat is a ban and the second beat is a ding, which is a combination of the ban and the ding being separated by cycles. There are strict regulations on the dingban of the banqiang body, while the dingban of the Xiaoqu is relatively loose. Therefore, the same Xiaoqu is sometimes treated with one ban, three dings or one ban, one ding.

One board and three dings is a way of combining beats, also known as "three dings and one board". In the entire singing and gongs and drums system, "ban" is more important than "ding" because ban controls the speed, and the last word at the end of the singing must be in the position of ban. Ding, also known as "eye", is the beat that controls the transition between boards. The symbol used to represent rhythm and beat is called "dingban". One Ban Three Ding is similar to the four beats of Western music. The first beat is Ban, the second beat is "Head Ding", the third beat is "Middle Ding", and the fourth beat is "Tail Ding". That’s the combination of the “ban ding ding ding” cycle. In addition, the singing usually consists of one board and three dings. There are strict regulations on the dingban of the banqiang body, while the dingban of the Xiaoqu is relatively loose. Therefore, the same Xiaoqu is sometimes treated with one ban, three dings or one ban, one ding.

The names of Yichuo/Yimai/Yicai gongs and drums refer to the gongs being struck once in the gongs and drums; now some Yichuo playing methods are not just about beating the gongs once, but also add fancy styles. style of play. The use of various gongs and drums is as follows:

1. "Chade support": used to divide and connect the upper and lower sentences of the plate cavity, such as the first plate and knurling, also used In excavation.

2. Singing mouth with one mallet: It is mostly used as the introduction of Erhuang Adagio and ditty. The following is the most original one mallet playing method: ˋ ㄨˋ ˋ └

Of the game Check the game and check the support

The following is the way to play the fancy hammer: ˋ ㄨˋ ˋ └

The game of the game supports the check

3 . Qi Chui: It is to highlight a certain word, a group of words or a moment in a certain "intermediate mouth" (spoken words, singing or movements) to attract the audience's special attention.

4. Heavy hammer: It is used to set off the actor's special actions or reactions. Based on the historical development and long-term relationship, the connection between the dingban of gongs and drums and the dingban of singing has often caused controversy, and this issue still needs to be studied.