Work: "Gongsun Longzi" Mingjia was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. He was called a Mingjia by later generations because he was engaged in debating name (name,

Work: "Gongsun Longzi" Mingjia was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. He was called a Mingjia by later generations because he was engaged in debating name (name, concept) and reality (facts, reality) as his main academic activity. At that time, people called him "debator", "chashi" or "famous expert in punishment (form)". The representative figures are Hui Shi and Gongsun Long. 6. Yin-Yang School: Representative: Zou Yan The Yin-Yang School was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It was named after advocating the theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements and using it to explain social and human affairs. This school of thought should have originated from the ruling class in charge of astronomy and calendars in ancient times. Its representative figure was Zou Yan, a native of Qi during the Warring States Period. The theory of Yin and Yang believes that Yin and Yang are the positive and negative opposing and transforming forces of things themselves, which can be used to explain the laws of development and change of things. The Five Elements Theory believes that all things are composed of five elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. There are two laws of mutual generation and mutual victory (蜜) among them, which can be used to explain the origin and change of all things in the universe. Zou Yan synthesized the two and interpreted the attributes of the five elements as "five virtues" based on the theory of mutual generation and mutual victory of the five elements. He created the "theory of the beginning and end of the five virtues" and used it as the law for the rise and fall of dynasties in the past, and for the emerging unified dynasty. Provide theoretical basis for its establishment. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records twenty-one works of this school, all of which have been lost. The "Book of Rites·Yue Ling", written in the late Warring States period, is said by some to be the work of the Yin Yang family. Some chapters in "Guanzi" are also written by the Yin-Yang family. Some materials from the Yin-Yang family are preserved in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu Ying Tong", "Huainan Zi Qi Su Xun", and "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin". 7. Politicians: Representative figures: Su Qin, Zhang Yi. Founder: Guiguzi. The main remarks are passed down in "Warring States Policy". Strategists are counselors who used vertical and horizontal tactics to lobby the princes and engage in political and diplomatic activities during the Warring States Period in China. Listed as one of the hundred schools of thought. The main representatives are Su Qin, Zhang Yi, etc. During the Warring States Period, the south and the north were combined to form a vertical line, and the west and the east were linked to form a horizontal line. Su Qin urged Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Qi, and Chu to unite vertically to resist Qin, while Zhang Yi tried his best to break the vertical union and unite the six horizontal states to serve Qin separately. This is how the strategist got his name. Their activities had an important impact on the changes in the political and military structure during the Warring States Period. "Warring States Policy" contains extensive records of his activities. According to "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", political strategists once wrote "Sixteen Masters and One Hundred and Seven Chapters". 8. Zajia: Representative figure: Lu Buwei Zajia is a comprehensive school in the late Warring States period. He got his name because he "combined Confucianism, Mohism, and Ming Dynasty" and "integrated all the Taoism of hundreds of schools of thought" ("Hanshu Yiwenzhi" and Yan Shigu's annotations). "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" compiled by Lu Buwei, Prime Minister of the Qin Dynasty, gathered his disciples and was a typical collection of miscellaneous works. 9. Nongjia: Nongjia was one of the important schools of thought during the Warring States Period. It got its name because of its focus on agricultural production. This faction originated from the officials who managed agricultural production in ancient times. They believe that agriculture is the basis of food and clothing and should be placed first in all work. "Mencius. "Teng Wengong 1" records that Xu Xing, "the words of Shen Nong", proposed that sages should "farm and eat with the people, and govern well", which expresses the social and political ideals of farmers. This party also pays attention to recording and summarizing agricultural production technology and experience. Chapters such as "Shang Nong", "Ren Di", "Bian Tu", and "Jian Shi" in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" are considered to be important materials for the study of pre-Qin farmers. 10. Novelist: Novelist, one of the nine or ten pre-Qin dynasties, collected folk legends and discussions to examine people's customs. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" says: "The flow of novelists comes from the barnyard officials. Talking in the streets and alleys are created by hearsay." A brief introduction to the hundreds of schools of thought. Among the hundreds of schools of thought, Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, inherited The three generations of Central Plains cultural orthodoxy stand out among hundreds of scholars. As a result, Confucianism not only has a prominent position among hundreds of schools of thought, but has also become the mainstream and core content of traditional culture, exerting an unparalleled influence on the formation of the national spirit of the Chinese people. In fact, we can say that Confucianism is not an academic or school in the usual sense. Confucianism is the cultural essence of the Chinese nation and an expression of China's inherent value system. It has penetrated into every capillary of traditional culture and greatly affected every field of Chinese culture. All doctrines, ideas, religious sects, and even foreign cultures and religions that originate from Chinese soil cannot avoid bearing traces of Confucian culture. For now, it's more than that.Confucianism has also had a permanent impact on world culture (we know that Japan and the "Four Little Dragons" promoted Confucianism after they had achieved or basically modernized to solve the crisis of faith and moral decline caused by modernization. Measures to correct shortcomings. The so-called "Southeast Asian cultural circle" is basically a cultural composition model with Confucianism as the main body. It has effectively promoted social civilization and progress in Southeast Asia. With the development of history, Confucian ethics is entering Western countries). . Regarding the classification of the hundreds of schools of thought, Sima Tan listed six schools, "but the main point of the discussion of the six schools is: Yi Da Zhuan: 'The world is unified but has hundreds of concerns, and the same goal has different paths." Yin and Yang, Confucianism , Mohism, fame, law, and morality, this is the task of the ruler" ("Historical Records Taishi Gong's Preface"). The scholars in Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies" in "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" are roughly divided into ten schools: Confucianism , Dao, Yin and Yang, Dharma, Ming, Mohism, Zongheng, Za, Nong, and novels, so they are called "nine streams and ten schools" because of the uniqueness of each school. Most of the basic purposes are to provide political strategies for the king. Confucianism advocates treating the people with virtue; Taoism advocates governing by doing nothing; Legalism advocates that trust must be punished; Mohism advocates universal love and unity; after the Han Dynasty, Mohism and Yanbing. Famous masters became unique scholars, peasants became independent technical subjects, and Yin-Yang school evolved into mysterious alchemy. Therefore, only Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism influenced the politics of the later unified dynasty. Many thoughts of various schools of thought left a profound impact on future generations. Enlightenment. Such as Confucianism's "benevolent government" and "forgiveness" of "do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you"; Mencius's ancient democratic thought; Taoist dialectics; Mohist's scientific thought; Legalist's materialism; and the military strategist's Thoughts, etc., are still shining brightly today. It is the famous "sophist" who also created the field of logic in the history of Chinese philosophy. We can and should learn from the vigorous and enterprising spirit of Confucianism to inspire ourselves to work hard; Learn from the Confucian spirit of public loyalty to the country to cultivate your patriotism; learn from the Confucian spirit of "making profits with justice" to inspire you to treat material interests correctly; learn from the Confucian spirit of benevolence to cultivate your love for the people. Noble sentiments; learn from the Confucian concept of integrity to cultivate your own self-esteem and self-reliance and independent personality; also learn from the Mohist concepts of "universal love", "respecting the worthy" and "frugal use"; the Taoist concept of "less selfishness and few desires", "Tao follows nature"; Legalism's "abolish private and public" and other ideas. 11. Military strategist focuses on guiding war and how to use force when force has to be used to achieve the goal. The founder is Sun Wu, a military strategist. They are divided into four categories: military power planners, military situation planners, military yin and yang planners, and military skill planners. The main representatives of military strategists include Sun Wu and Sima Xuju in the late Spring and Autumn Period; Sun Bin, Wu Qi, Wei Liao, Wei Wuji, Bai Qi, etc. in the Warring States Period. The surviving works of military strategists include "Huang Di Yin Fu Jing", "Six Tao", "Three Strategies", "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Sima's Art of War", "Sun Bin's Art of War", "Wu Zi", "Wei Liao Zi" and so on. Although there are similarities and differences in the theory, it contains rich elements of simple materialism and dialectics. The practical activities and theories of military strategists had a great influence on that time and later generations, and are precious military ideological heritage of ancient my country. It comes from "Historical Records and Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. ": "Jia Sheng was young and well versed in the books of hundreds of schools of thought. Emperor Wen called him a doctor. ” 12. Physician: Representative figure: Bian Que The formation of Chinese medical theory took place from the second half of the fifth century BC to the middle of the third century AD. It took more than 700 years. In the second half of the fifth century BC, China began to enter feudal society. The transition from slave society to feudal society and the establishment of the feudal system were a period of great turbulence in Chinese history, which promoted the development of the economy and the emergence of ideological, scientific and cultural fields. The new situation includes the development of medicine. Physicians generally refer to all people who practice medicine.