The vanishing Wangnan Lake

South of Jining, Shandong Province, there are now "Nansi Lake", namely Weishan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, dushan lake Lake and Nanyang Lake. In fact, before the Republic of China, there were "North Five Lakes" to the north of Jining, namely Anshan Lake, Mata Lake, Wangnan Lake, Shushan Lake and Machang Lake. The so-called "south" and "north" are all based on Jining. Unfortunately, "Nansi Lake" still exists, while "Beiwu Lake" has disappeared except for a part of Gu 'an Lake, Dongping Lake.

? First, the origin of Wang Nan Lake

Wangnan Lake in a broad sense includes Wangnan Lake, Shushan Lake and Mata Lake, which span the east and west banks of the ancient canal and have a circumference of more than 150 miles. Its West Lake is called Wangnan Lake, which is the narrow sense of Wangnan Lake. Its East Lake spans the north and south of Wenhe River and is divided into two parts, namely Shushan Lake in the south and Mata Lake in the north.

Regarding the geographical location and origin of Wangnan Lake, according to the Records of Zhili Prefecture of Jining written by Qianlong, Wangnan Lake is the source of Jining Canal, occupying Wenshang, Jining and Jiaxiang, and is the storage place of Wenshui. The so-called "Southwest outflow of Maodu Lake" in Water Mirror Notes is also a fact. From the tributary of Wenshui to the construction of Daicun Dam in Ming Dynasty, it was influenced by Wenshui. There is a lake in the east called Shushan Lake, and the dike belongs to the state: Wangnan Lake is 37 miles and 3 minutes long from Wang Jia intersection to Wenshang county boundary. "History of the Spring River" records that Wang Nan Lake carries things through water, and its east lake spans the north of Wenhe River, which is called Shushan in the south and Mata in the north, with a circumference of 150 Li. "Tongzhi" records that Wang Nanhu is 30 miles west of Wenshang County, and it joined Liangshan Changhe River in the Song Dynasty, with a surrounding area of more than 300 miles. Around 93 miles in the Ming Dynasty, grass canals ran through it. The lake is divided into two parts, and the East Lake is several times wider than the West Lake. It spans the north and south of Brunei, with Shushan in the south and Mata in the north. At the beginning of the three lakes, there was a lake, and the whole shape was high from north to south.

Let's talk about Wangnan Lake in a narrow sense.

? Second, Wang Nanhu and I

In my hometown, Wangji Village, Liangbaosi Town, Jiaxiang County, according to the old man, before the 1950s and 1960s, the farmland in the north of the village was flooded every summer and autumn rainy season, commonly known as "Beiwa". Because the terrain is relatively low, the rainwater in the nearby Yuncheng and Liangshan counties is also collected here. Even if it doesn't rain locally, sometimes the water surface is rising. When sowing in spring, there is no water. When sorghum grows to a height of more than two meters, when floods come in summer and autumn, only ears are often exposed. "Beiwa" is actually a part of ancient Wangnan Lake. On the one hand, the above example shows that the harvest of "Beiwa" is very poor, and it basically depends on the weather to eat; On the other hand, it also shows that Wangnan Lake has become a seasonal lake at that time.

? In the 1970s, when the problem of food and clothing was not solved, cultivated land was far more precious to people than lakes. In order to solve the floods that have plagued the south of Liangshan County and the north of Jiaxiang County for many years, from 65438 to 0959, the Ji Liang Canal was basically excavated along the middle line of the North Five Lakes, from northwest to southeast, from Dongping Lake (formerly Anshan Lake), the northernmost part of the North Five Lakes, to dushan lake, the northernmost part of the South Four Lakes. Because the flood has not been completely solved, in 1960, the new river in Yuncheng was excavated, starting from the north of Yuncheng, eastward along the junction of Yuncheng and Liangshan, and then flowing into the Ji Liang Canal along the junction of Liangshan and Jiaxiang. 1966, the Liulihe River was excavated from northwest to southeast in Liangshan County, from Zhunao Village in Angelababy countryside, passing through Zhaoba and Xinlou, to the south of Gaodian Village in Hangai Township, and flowed eastward into the Ji Liang Canal. After the river regulation, it not only solved the drainage problem of 12 consecutive depressions in the west and east of Shanxi, but also eased the border water conservancy disputes between Yuncheng and Liangshan counties. 197 1 jiaxiang county digs the hongqi river of huanggai commune in the north, and the accumulated water and guest water are directly discharged into the Ji Liang canal. Since then, the flood has been completely solved, and Wangnan Lake, the "northern depression" in our village, has since disappeared.

As the lake receded, a large number of people moved into Wangnan Lake, and many new villages were established. At the end of 1970s, a new Tongzhuang commune was established in the north of Liangbaosi commune in Jiaxiang county, and a new Hongyun commune was established in the east of Dazhanglou commune.

In the eyes of our ancestors, Wangnan Lake may bring us painful memories of floods and the pleasure of fishing occasionally. In the eyes of parents, Wang Nan Lake may bring changes in the sea and the joy of increasing cultivated land. In my eyes, Wang Nan Lake represents mystery and untouchability, which can only be tasted by passing regrets.

Three. Wang Nan county and Wang Nan town.

In fact, there was a county called "Wang Nan" in modern times, namely Wang Nan County. Its resident is in Liangbaosi Town, Jiaxiang County, only one mile away from Wangji Village.

? From 65438 to 0944, the Hebei-Shandong-Henan revolutionary base area merged the western part of Wenshang Canal and the southeastern part of Yuncheng County to form Wang Nan County, which was the seventh agency of Hebei-Shandong-Henan Office. In addition to Wang Nan County, the Seventh Agency also governs Kunshan, Juye, Jiaxiang and Jining. 1949, Pingyuan province was established, and the third and seventh offices of Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces were exclusively assigned to Huxi department. 1In July, 952, Kongfang District of Wang Nan County was assigned to Liangshan County, and it was listed as 1 1 District. 1952165438+10, Pingyuan province was abolished, and Huxi area belonged to Shandong province. 1August 20th, 953, Huxi District was revoked, Jiaxiang County, Jinxiang County and Yutai County were placed in Jining District, and Wang Nan County was revoked at the same time. The first, second, sixth and seventh districts of Wang Nan County were placed under Liangshan County, and Liangshan County formed twelve districts (all paved), thirteen districts (Huang Zhuang), fourteen districts (Sunzhuang) and four districts in turn. 242 villages in 44 towns and villages, such as Huanggai, Liangbao Temple, Macun and Mengguji, originally belonging to Wang Nan County, were placed under Jiaxiang County.

In addition to "Lake" and "County", there is also a "Town" named "Wang Nan", which is Wang Nan Town in Wenshang County today. It is located in the southwest of the county, bordering rencheng district and Jiaxiang counties in Jining City, with a linear distance of about14km from Liangbaosi Town, the former resident of Wang Nan County. Interestingly, that year in Wang Nan County, the government headquarters was not in Wang Nan Town. Today, both Wangnanhu and Wang Nan County have disappeared in historical changes, and only Wang Nan Town is related to Wang Nan. Of course, with the subsequent merger of towns and villages, Tongzhuang and Hongyun, which were originally located at the bottom of Wangnan Lake, were later reclassified as Liangbaosi Town and Dazhanglou Town, and now they no longer exist.

Four. The general scope of Wangnan Lake

"History of the Spring River" records: (Wang Nanhu) starts from Dayan Bridge in the east, from Xiaohekou to Qinjia Old Gate, with a total length of 30 miles; South to the old gate of Qin family, to the western boundary of solitary willow, 46 miles long; Solitary willow in the west, from Hongrenqiao to the northern boundary, 34 miles long; It starts from Hongren Bridge in the north, crosses Heimagou, and ends at Yuancun to Shiyan Bridge, with a total length of 40 miles.

"Tongzhi" records: (Wangnan Lake) has two entrances, Jiaba and Wulipu Dam, and there is a river-crossing gate in the south.

Dayan Bridge, Qinjia Gu Men, Tian Jiaying, Guliu and Hongren Bridge are not going today. But there are still some useful information, such as Wulipu still exists today, Cross River should be Zhaowang River today, and Wangnan Lake is north of Changgou according to the ancient map. Considering that Wangnan Lake in the north of Wangji Village, Linhu Village in the east of Dazhanglou Township, the original Tongzhuang and Hongyun Commune are basically covered by Wangnan Lake, and the original ancient canal basically runs along Wulibao, Wang Nan and Shilizha, the approximate scope of Wangnan Lake is as follows:

Because the above historical materials are mainly from the records of Jining Prefecture in Zhili, the above picture depicts Wangnan Lake in the forty-third year of Qianlong (AD 1778). Of course, due to the diversion of the Yellow River, climate change and human management, the scope of Wangnan Lake should be different in different periods.

It is worth noting that during the Spring and Autumn Period, the imperial tombs of several influential countries were discovered one after another. Although some of them were stolen seriously, some of them were slightly omitted, and their exquisite cultural relics and great academic contributions often amazed us. Even in a small country like Sui, a series of exquisite cultural relics such as Ceng Houyi's chimes have been unearthed. Although Lu is not a big country, it is the most strict and thorough country to inherit the Zhou Li, and it is also the fief of the duke of rites and music system, so the ritual vessels and funerary objects in the monarch's tomb should be more abundant. If a complete tomb of King Lu is discovered one day, its impact may be shocking. However, until today, the location of Lu Guojun's cemetery is still an unsolved mystery. There is a saying that the Luzhu cemetery is located in the northeast corner of the original Wangnan Lake, south of Wulibao and east of Wangchang Village. There are similar marks on Gaud's map. It used to be a fief of Lu, but later it became a lake due to the flooding of the Yellow River and other factors. Therefore, for several dynasties, the tomb of Duke Lu escaped looting and was preserved. Lu is a country named Ji, and Duke Zhou is his younger brother. Five kilometers north of Luzhu Cemetery marked on the map of Gaode, there is a village whose name is Zhuang Ji.

V. Poems related to Wang Nanhu

In the Ming Dynasty, Xue's poem "Wang Nan Sleeps in Jining at Night" said: Chang 'an returned to the east in June and set sail on the eve of Heimagou. Yang invaded Hunan bamboo pole, and the wind moved the crystal curtain. I didn't pay for more books, but I remembered planting apricot fields in Kuangshan. But the dusty road is still there, and the blue waves are empty.

There is also a village called Heimagou today, but the canal doesn't cross. I wonder if this black horse ditch is like that.

Xie (1567 ~ 1624), a famous Hangzhou, is a master of Wulin, the owner of Xiaocaozhai, and a native of Changle, Fujian. In the 20th year of Wanli (1592), he was promoted to Huzhou and Dongchang officials, director of Nanjing Criminal Department, doctor of Ministry of War, and envoy of Ministry of Industry. Quail clothes are short and stiff, and there are good families in six counties. In the shallow water, there was not enough mud and water, and he was sick until midnight. In the middle of the night, ten people are about to lose their toes. Huang Shouguan has a red beard, and northerners are arrogant. Wu Bo is sweating profusely every day. Wu Bo You Ke, Ricky killed me in anger. Live in the water if you have no money, and stand on the left if you have money. This is a cold day, this is a short day. The wet grass beside the grass is smokeless, and the ice floes on the water cut people's knees. Water makes the embankment walk every day, and the new hill is flush with the old shore. It's a pity that the soil on the shore and the river in the rain are still mud today. Have you noticed, thousands of willows will cross the river and fold every year. My husband hasn't returned the money yet, urging the construction of Nanhe Heifengkou. "

The poem shows the hardships of porters and the greed of officials incisively and vividly.

Huangfu has "Zhang Shui Department of Lu Yu, Wang Nan": You have worked hard, but you are laughing in a foreign land in late autumn. Messenger star found out the mistake and borrowed from her husband. Forget the fish on the lake, enjoy it, point to the clouds and enjoy Xiang Yan. It's easy to live well, and it's the Double Ninth Festival to stay drunk.

Qian Bang's "Wang Nan Road": Talking about the river vividly reflecting the cloud sorrow, going to the endless smoke trees in autumn. The dike is divided into Chikage and the temple controls the mountain stream. Looking from a distance, there are endless waves. Walking slowly is really the same as swimming. Countless people are in chaos, and the next day they are full of Tingzhou.