Design of comprehensive practical activities in primary schools

Comprehensive practical activity materials

Draw a family tree.

First, the design concept

The development of society is inseparable from the family, the most basic unit of society. A family, a surname, its rise and fall, its prosperity and its prosperity all record the touching entrepreneurial process of ancestors, which has the characteristics of the times and reflects historical relics. Today, people's awareness of seeking roots has also enhanced the centripetal force, cohesion and sense of belonging of our Chinese nation.

Although primary school students are still young, they are not bystanders in family life. On the contrary, they are participants because they are more promising successors. If children can be mobilized to understand their family's past and development experience and look at the footprints left by their ancestors, it will play an important role in cultivating children to understand history, love their families and love their country.

This lesson can be divided into three parts.

The first part is the process of understanding, mainly taking the "Zhou family" as an example. Through some photos and lists, students can learn a wide range of contents of a family: for example, revealing the relationship between family members; The living conditions of today's families; Introduce the influential people in the family, and let the students know the specific forms of kinship, marriage and smoking, the seniority and address of family members.

Part B is a practical investigation class. Students fully understand the content of Part A, and then carry out practical activities according to their own reality. Students need to understand the basic structure of the family, extend from the Taigong generation to the next generation in the form of "drawing genealogy", investigate the reproduction and development of their family, and draw the "pyramid" structure of their family according to the "genealogy". Learn as much as possible about the important people who are related to you, list their relationships, and learn about their lives, careers, families and important achievements.

Part c is to expand the reading class. Mainly to expand students' knowledge in this field. It not only increases students' sense of family pride, but also cultivates students' ability to collect information extensively. After fully collecting a lot of rich materials, draw a beautiful and complete "love tree".

Second, the activity objectives

1. Let the students know the basic social knowledge such as the family formed by blood relationship, the relationship between family members, and the forms of family formation in different times.

2. Initially learn to use the collected data and documents to conduct their own investigation and research.

3. Make students understand the family correctly and establish correct values and outlook on life.

4. Guide students to deepen their understanding of family history and inspire them to respect their elders, honor their families and love them.

Third, the activity preparation:

1. Take "Zhou Family Tree in North Ridge" as an example, let the students know several tasks to be done.

2. Design several questions and various forms of investigation to strengthen the purpose and pertinence of practical work.

3. Use books and computer networks to get in touch with celebrities with their own surnames and their deeds.

Fourth, the activity process:

1, preparation stage: understanding the family (lower requirements)

(1) After the preparation before class, students introduce their families, including the names, ages and occupations of their parents and elders.

(2) Understand the meaning of family and family members:

Family refers to the basic unit of social life based on marriage and blood relationship.

Family members refer to people who are married and related by blood and live together.

(3) Understand "peers". By collecting photos and other materials, we know that "grandparents", "parents" and "brothers and sisters" are peers.

(4) Describe the relationship between family members and addresses.

(5) Draw a "family tree".

2, step by step: understand the family (slightly higher requirements)

(1) Distinguish which family members are "peers".

(2) Tell me about relatives who are related to their families. Find out relatives related to father and relatives related to mother.

(3) synthesis.

Family refers to the social organization formed on the basis of blood relationship, including the lineage of several generations living under the same roof. According to blood relationship, it can be divided into two families. Family members don't necessarily live together.

(4) Describe your relationship or address with other family members.

(5) Continue to complete the family friendship tree with grandfather as the starting point.

3. Understand the family tree.

(1) What is a genealogy? This is a historical picture book centered on recording the lineage and characters of the paternal family.

(2) The contents of family genealogy.

It is the life history of a family. It not only records the origin and migration of the family, but also includes the whole historical and cultural process of the family's residence, reproduction, marriage, culture, clan rules and family agreements. There are many names of genealogy, including genealogy, genealogy, general genealogy, unified genealogy, branch genealogy, family genealogy and so on.

(3) Family genealogy forms: such as pagoda type and genealogy type.

Pagoda style: As the name implies, the names of generations are arranged from top to bottom like pagodas. The pagoda type is connected by horizontal lines and vertical lines, and the vertical lines are always in the middle of the horizontal lines. ※. For a large family with many people, because people's names can't be arranged on the same page, the relationship between brothers is unclear, which will bring a lot of inconvenience to writing and reading music.

Diary annotation: We don't use horizontal lines and vertical lines to connect the relationship between pronouns, but use words to express this relationship. Everyone's name has a brief introduction. ※. The genealogy forms are fixed, the order is clear, and the paper is saved.

European style: also known as horizontal style, was founded by Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Generation division, from right to left, five generations and one watch, which is very convenient to use. ※. In the case of European style, there is a life story on the left side of each generation's name, introducing this person's word, number, fame, official rank, date of birth, spouse, hiding place, achievements and so on.

Su-style: also known as Didi-style, was founded by Su Xun, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Features: generations are hung directly, there is no horizontal line connection between generations, all of them are connected in series with vertical lines, and the chart format is also arranged from right to left, with emphasis on patriarchal relations. ※.

For example:

4. Practical activities: investigating genealogy.

(1) The members of the survey personally asked their elders and relatives, or took Gao Grandfather and Zhuji's common name "Tai Fu Rong" (grandfather's grandfather) as the starting point to investigate the family's reproduction and development, understand the name, age, occupation and important achievements of each family member, and conscientiously complete the drawing of "genealogy" or "family pyramid".

(2) Collect photos of family members. Especially the old black and white photos are more valuable. Conditionally take a "family portrait" and add it to the family tree.

Photos can reproduce the spiritual outlook and characteristics of the times. As long as it is conducive to a better understanding of the family tree, ancient maps or old photos should be included in the family tree. For example:

1) Old photos: old black and white photos at home, family photos, etc.

2) photos of ancestors (portraits, figure paintings, portraits)

3) Feng Shui map (ancestral temple map, mausoleum map)

4) Map of former residence/village, etc.

(3) Understand family training.

If you can't find it, you can also discuss with your elders and write family instructions suitable for the atmosphere of today's times.

When collecting, we must first understand that the famous aphorism of parenting in genealogy is family training. It is a good strategy for people to manage their families and a model of "self-cultivation" and "keeping the family in order". To put it simply, it generally includes the following contents: (1) Pay attention to family law, national law (2), harmonious clan, village (3), honor parents, respect elders (4), conform to ethical codes, correct names (5), ancestor worship and tomb sacrifice procedures.

6. Draw a beautiful family tree or pyramid.

7. Show in the class, self-evaluation and mutual evaluation.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) activity suggestion

1. Activity time: one month is recommended. One class is arranged to introduce basic knowledge, consult family celebrities, understand family precepts and draw genealogy (or pyramid), and the rest of the time is arranged for students to make a comprehensive investigation in their spare time.

2. Before starting work, pay attention to the guidance of methods. Let grandparents make a preliminary arrangement for family members first, so that the next investigation can be more purposeful and targeted.

3. Safety education and etiquette education during the investigation.

4. If it is difficult to get to know your family members because of regional differences (for example, at home in other places), you can surf the Internet or consult books to find celebrities with the same surname in history and extract their glorious deeds.

5. The added part refers to genealogical data.