The use of punctuation marks

Its main uses are: (1) to indicate the omitted parts in the text. (2) indicates the progress or leap of thinking. (3) Discontinuity of words. (4) expressing emotional contradictions. (5) When the ellipsis is not in front of a complete sentence, it can generally be used directly, such as: A. "Miss Wang ……" B. "Miss Wang, you are ……" (6) When the ellipsis is in front of a complete sentence, it is generally necessary to add punctuation marks at the end of the sentence to use the ellipsis, such as: A. "School is over. ...... "B." Today, the sun is shining. ..... "(7) There are generally no punctuation marks after ellipsis except quotation marks. (8) When ellipsis is used to indicate ellipsis, "etc." or "etc." is generally not used. If ellipsis is used; On the contrary, if you use "etc" and "etc", don't use ellipsis. (9) Ellipsis can also indicate word breaking, pay attention. (10) ellipsis can also indicate the hint of speech or the continuation of state, the interruption or extension of voice, the interruption of voice, etc.

Parentheses [()]:

Generally used to express comments or supplements in the text. Such as: A. Zhu, Zi Hui, was born in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty. B. The lesson is: So if a strange voice calls your name, you must never promise him. ("The Complete Works of Lu Xun", Volume 2, "Flowers in the Morning", People's Literature Publishing House 198 1 Edition)

Dash [-]:

The main usage of ""is (1) to indicate the change or progress of meaning; (2) Explain and explain the above contents; (3) Interruption or means of interruption; (4) indicates language pause; (5) indicates the following contents; (6) indicates the prolongation of sound.

Pause [,]:

Indicates a pause between collocated words in a sentence. Pause is smaller than comma and is usually used to separate coordinate words or phrases. When conjunctions such as "and" or "are used between coordinate words, pause is no longer used. Pause has the same function as "he". When several words are juxtaposed, pause is used first, and the last word is "and". If the coordinate words are closely combined, there is no need to use pause to highlight in writing, and pause can be omitted. When there are coordinate words in the coordinate words, use commas for large coordinate words and pause for small coordinate words. Common mistakes in using pauses are as follows:

Zhang San, Li Si and Wu Zhao often go to the reading room to study. (Two commas should be changed to pause)

The principals and directors of No.1 Middle School and No.3 Middle School all came to the meeting. This sentence confuses the level of coordinate words. The second pause should be changed to a comma. )

Amazon, Nile, Mississippi and Yangtze River are the four major rivers in the world. (this sentence uses "and", and the previous pause should be deleted. )

Comma [,]:

Represents a general pause in a sentence. Its main uses are:

A. used after a longer subject. For example, this little character at the end of the cast won the warmest applause from the audience.

B. Used after short topics that need to be emphasized. Such as: Beijing, the capital of the motherland.

C. used after the adverbial at the beginning of the sentence. On a sunny morning, he boarded the train to Shijiazhuang.

D. used in front of longer objects. I have to admit that his strength is much stronger than mine.

E. used before and after brackets. I have been to Beijing more than a dozen times.

F sometimes in some sentences, commas are used after related words. This is often out of the need for emphasis, and the general Ministry of Civil Affairs does not have to stop. Labor is hard, but we are not afraid at all.

G. used between clauses of complex sentences. For example, among the layers of leaves, some white flowers are scattered, some bloom gracefully, and some bloom shyly.

H. used after the sequence. Such as: First, time is tight and the task is heavy, so we must work harder; Second, we must pay attention to safety.

I. Used in the middle of inverted sentences. How beautiful these flowers are.

Semicolon [; 〕:

Indicates a pause between coordinate clauses in a sentence. In complex sentences with only one relationship, commas are generally used between clauses instead of semicolons. If commas are used in clauses, semicolons must be used between them. During the day, soldiers hold their positions; At night, the soldiers launched a new attack on the enemy.

In multiple complex sentences, semicolons must be used between parallel clauses. For example, if we act according to objective laws, the national economy will develop in a balanced and stable way; Violation of these principles will slow down the development of the national economy.

Because it is necessary to distinguish between structure and prominent list, semicolons can be used between clauses even if there are no commas in them. For multiple compound sentences with non-coordinate relationship (such as turning relationship, causal relationship, etc.). ), semicolons are also used in the boundary of the first layer. Such as: this is like the road on the ground; In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road.

Semicolons are also used between entries.

Colon [:]:

Used after the prompt, it means to mention the following or summarize the above. Pay attention to the prompt range when using colons. The contents of the colon prompt end with a period. If the contents before the period are not all prompted by colons, the use of colons is incorrect. This amazing fact proves that if people always think about money and can't see the enemy's corrosive attacks, they will go astray, so these facts can be used as living teaching materials. The colon in the sentence only means "going astray", not including the back, so it is used wrongly. The comma after "go astray" should be changed to a full stop. )

Don't use colons without special instructions. He said that he must come to the meeting. (Colon should be deleted)

The result of the game was unexpected: the old team beat the young team. (Colon should be changed to comma)

You can't use colons in sentences. The teacher said, "Class dismissed!" And left. You can't use colons in sentences, so you should delete them. )

Colons are often used after "XXX" and "XXX". But sometimes you don't want to emphasize the prompt, or you don't quote others directly, so you use commas instead of colons.

If "so-and-so said" comes after all quotations, use a period after "said".

Quotes [""]:

Represents the part referenced in the text. There are two kinds of quotation marks: double quotation marks and single quotation marks. Generally use double quotation marks. If there is a reference in quotation marks, use single quotation marks. Double quotation marks and single quotation marks are reused. Quote others directly, with quotation marks; Quote others indirectly, without quotation marks. When quoting several paragraphs in succession, use the front quotation mark at the beginning of each paragraph and only the back quotation mark at the last paragraph.

The main functions of quotation marks are:

A. Express quotation

B. express a specific title

C. The expression of special meaning needs to be emphasized

D. expressing negation and irony

Quoting refers to quoting others' words in writing. Idioms, aphorisms, poems, etc. It also includes onomatopoeic words and transliteration words. Specific appellations refer to names, abbreviations, special terms, anniversaries, etc. with certain characteristics. Words in special meaning indicators have new meanings in their specific language environment.

When using quotations, pay attention to the position of punctuation marks at the end of quotations. Always use the quoted words independently, and put the last dot in quotation marks. If the quoted content is a part of a sentence, that is, the quotation has no independence, and there is no need to use a dot at the end of the quoted part (question mark and exclamation mark can be reserved), and the whole sentence stops at this pause, what dot should be used?

Parentheses [()]:

Represents the annotated text part. A word in a note or supplementary explanation sentence is called a parenthesis. It must follow the annotated word, pause after the annotated word, and put the dot after the bracket. If there are punctuation marks in the comments in brackets, the last punctuation mark (except question marks and sighs) should be omitted. A note or supplementary explanation of the whole sentence is called parenthesis. If the label in brackets outside the sentence is a sentence, then the dot at the end of the sentence should be kept; Don't make the last point without making a sentence.

Dash [-]:

Express the explanation of the above words or express a change in some sense. The first function of dashes is to explain the above. This usage is similar to brackets. The difference between the two is that the sentences marked in brackets are only the above explanations, not the text, so they don't need to be read out when reading; The sentence marked with dashes is not only the explanation of the previous paragraph, but also a part of the text, which must be read in context. So pay attention to the difference between the two when commenting on the above. If the comment part is the text, use a dash; If it is not text, please use parentheses. The explanation of a written form is usually led out by only one dash. If such a sentence is inserted in a sentence and it is very long, you can use a double dash, that is, the first comment and the last comment. The second function of dashes is to express progressive meaning. In this case, we can usually see the passage of time before and after the dash, the advancement of meaning, the transfer of space and the change of plot. The third function of dashes is semantic transformation. In batch language expression, one meaning suddenly turns to another meaning, and dashes are not the same content. The fourth function is to express the pause, pause and extension of sound. In addition, dashes are also used to connect two-part allegorical sayings, indicating the subtitle of the article and the author of the words, poems and articles, as well as separate items.

Ellipsis symbol [............................................................................................................................................................................. main uses are:

A. it means that the quotation has been omitted

B. it means that the enumeration is omitted

C.it means to speak intermittently

D. indicating incomplete meaning

E. expressing silence

When coordinate words are used as attributes in sentences, only "etc" is used for ellipsis. Pay attention to the relationship between ellipsis and punctuation. If the ellipsis is preceded by a complete sentence, this period is used as usual; If it is not a complete sentence, it is generally unnecessary to order. There is generally no dot after the ellipsis. Ellipsis is sometimes followed by a dot to distinguish the structure and indicate that it is not mixed with the following.

Title: refers to the title, registration, poem, song, drama, painting, film and television, etc. The title of a book is generally represented by a double sharp corner. When the title of the book is still used, the single-layer sharp horn is used in the title.

Bullets ]: A word that needs the reader's special attention. Bullets are represented by dots, and there are as many words as there are under the emphasized words.

Connectivity [-]: It means to connect words with closely related meanings into a whole. It's a short cross, medium height. Generally used to connect the start and end time, related people, two place names, etc.

Interval number: indicates the boundary between words. It is a dot, placed in the middle of each word, with a height in the middle. Used in the title composed of coordinate words; Used between the inscription name and the topic; Used between the title of the book and the title of the chapter; Used between the internal parts of the names of foreigners or some ethnic minorities; Used between numbers representing years, months and days.

Proper names: indicate names of people, places, dynasties, groups, etc. It is a horizontal line, and the village is below the proper name, in order to distinguish it from ordinary words. Only used in ancient books or some works.

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