Teacher says classical Chinese teaching plan in senior high school

The teacher said

Teaching purpose

1. Learn the writing methods of "breaking" and "standing".

2. Experience the sharp style of "Shuo".

3. Understand Han Yu's exposition on respecting teachers and valuing morality and the ideological significance of this article.

Teaching ideas

1. Teaching emphases and difficulties.

Paragraph 2 of this article is not only the teaching emphasis, but also the teaching difficulty. Judging from the layout of the whole article, the author first "stands" (paragraph 1) and then "breaks" (paragraph 2), and "stands" for "breaking"; "Breaking" and then "standing" (paragraph 3) is its "residual matter", so "breaking" is the key. This so-called "breaking" is essentially aimed at the abuse of the times, that is, criticizing the bad fashion of "being ashamed to learn from teachers." This is not a general problem, and it must be analyzed in connection with the special social background at that time in order to get a more thorough understanding. We can't help but estimate the difficulties in this respect.

In addition, this paragraph is regarded as the key and difficult point of teaching, because of such considerations: this paragraph is sharp and Wang Yang is arrogant, which fully embodies the characteristics of the genre of "saying" (Lu Ji's Wen Fu). Students have already learned Ma Shuo, Snake Catcher Shuo, Huang Sheng's Book Borrowing Shuo and Juvenile China Shuo before, and have known this feature. On this basis, it will be of great benefit for students to read similar works in the future.

second, teaching methods.

This paper can use both reading teaching method and discussion method. Reading aloud is used to familiarize yourself with the text sentences and understand the author's ideas; Discussion is used to deepen students' understanding of the ideological significance and writing characteristics of this article. The former is the foundation and the latter is the improvement. In terms of time allocation, the former should be given priority.

Take a paragraph-by-paragraph approach: read a paragraph and discuss a paragraph. Questions about the theme and layout of the whole article are discussed at the end. The discussion questions should be open, you can express your opinions without giving fixed answers, and you should be able to explain yourself in order to develop the habit of students' independent thinking.

Because the language in this article has distinct personality characteristics, we should set aside time for students to do some language accumulation.

third, class schedule.

this lesson will take 3 class hours. The distribution is as follows:

The first class: introduce the writing background of this article, get a preliminary understanding of the basic content of this article, read the first paragraph, and discuss the proposition that "a teacher is therefore preaching, learning and dispelling doubts".

second class: read the second paragraph and discuss Han Yu's criticism of the fashion of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" and the sharpness of the article.

the third class: read paragraphs 3 and 4, and discuss the proposition that "saints are impermanent teachers". Summarize the full text (understanding the ideological significance and writing methods of this article) and accumulate language.

preview arrangement

the preview of this text is very important, and you should have plenty of time. The more detailed you do, the better. To this end, it is planned to set aside 2-25 minutes in class for students to preview and master the essentials; The unfinished part is made up by the students themselves.

first, recite the full text 2-3 times after phonetic notation for the following words.

(yú) (cháng) (dān) (tán)

(yú) (pán) (zhuàn) < p Try to give a few examples in the following two aspects. (on the textbook)

1. The sharp tone of criticizing bad phenomena.

2. state the decisive tone of the correct proposition.

Third, the following passage is from Liu Zongyuan's Answer to Wei Zhongli's Book on Teacher's Way. Pay attention to the sentences with black dots. Read it carefully, and then talk about Han Yu's intention in writing Shi Shuo.

"since the Wei and Jin dynasties, people have benefited (more) from being teachers. There is no teacher in this world; Yes, I laugh at it and think it's a madman. Han Yu, alone, ignored the customs, laughed and insulted him, and called him to study (a student) and wrote "Teacher's Theory". He became a teacher because of his unyielding attitude. The world (the world) fruit group is strange and scolding, pointing to the eye and pulling, and adding it to words. The more you get a crazy name. "

4. The following words have more than one meaning in this article. When reading, we should pay attention to careful analysis in combination with the context. For example:

First class

Teaching process

First, introduce new lessons.

what is the value of this text? I'm not busy answering this question now. Everyone has read the passage in Liu Zongyuan's Answer to Wei Zhongli's Book on Teacher's Way, and knows that Han Yu was regarded as a "madman" by people at that time because of writing this article. Please tell us whether Han Yu is "crazy" or not according to the preview impression; If he is "crazy", what does it mean?

students speak freely.

(Requirements: Combined with some sentences in the article, it shows that Han Yu has great courage to oppose vulgar customs, has the spirit of upholding the truth, dares to criticize bad customs sharply. )

In the process of students' speech, teachers can ask some enlightening questions at the right time as a supplement. For example: ① Liu Wenzhong said that Han Yu "resisted Yan and became a teacher". Is this reflected in this article? (2) how does Han Yu express in this article that "there is no teacher in this world; Have, need to laugh "this kind of phenomenon? How did he comment on this? (3) how did Han Yu explain Confucius' saying that "a threesome requires a teacher"? Wait a minute.

[Description] The purpose of designing this link is to enable students to have a general understanding of the content of this article.

2. Brief introduction of the author and writing background.

Han Yu's courage to resist the common customs is really commendable. His practice of criticizing backward things with articles as a weapon runs through his life. Ma Shuo, which students have learned, is a remarkable example. It was written in the eleventh to sixteenth years of Zhenyuan, a few years earlier than Shi Shuo, when Han Yu was only about 3 years old. What's more worth mentioning is that in the 14th year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (819), the Buddha's bone was to be welcomed in the palace, and Han Yu objected to it, demanding that the Buddha's bone be "thrown into fire and water, and never be fundamentally". Tang Xianzong, a Buddhist, was furious and wanted to kill Han Yu. Thanks to the Prime Minister's saying that "the crazier he is, the more he is, the more he is loyal and sincere, so he should be tolerant to open the way", so he demoted Chaozhou-Han Yu was 51 years old this year. He has a poem to record this: "A letter plays in the sky in the morning, and eight thousand in Chaozhou Road in the evening. If you want to eliminate the evils for the sage, you will be willing to decline and cherish the old age. " This kind of mind is rare among feudal literati.

The bad atmosphere of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" criticized by Han Yu in "Teacher's Theory" is produced under the influence of family background. The concept of family origin originated from the nine-product system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, the rank of official rank was changed to distinguish family status. The family of dignitaries is called "noble gate" and the family of humble people is called "cold gate". This also had a great influence on the selection of teachers. At that time, there was a general psychology among the literati class that "being humble means being ashamed, and being high in office means being close to scorning". In view of this misconception, Han Yu put forward that "Tao" should be the teacher and "Tao" should be there soon, which is of progressive significance.

third, read the first paragraph.

1. Preparation for reading.

First, divide the following sentences into rhythms (""means a very short pause, the same below):

People/people who are born and know

People who know Tao are also/solid and first depend on me

People who know Yong/the sequence of their years and were born in me

Then explain the words and sentences:

. A teacher is a person who is taught by the profession to solve doubts. The teacher's task is to spread the word, accept the profession and solve doubts. )

② can you change the word "which" in "people are not born knowing" to "which"? (Use "who" to indicate that there is no exception. Although you are a saint, you can't be confused. The rhetorical question is "呫", which means that everyone is confused. Use "which" can take care of the following sentence: "The ancient sages are far away, so they should learn from the teacher and ask questions". )

(3) "It's confusing, but I can't understand it"-the textbook thinks that "it" is a reference, but it is not accurate to translate it into "those". According to: the usage of "Wei" in the sentence is the same as "Yu", and it is confusing, that is, "the other is confusing". The general idea of the whole sentence is that they can't solve those problems for life.

④ The sentences of "born before me" and "born after me" are also a way of writing.

⑤ "Where the Tao exists, the teacher also exists" is also a form of judgment sentence.

2. Students practice reciting and divide this paragraph into levels.

The steps to divide the levels are: first analyze the arts and sciences, then summarize the general idea of each level, and finally point out the main idea of this paragraph and draw a schematic table to help you remember.

When analyzing arts and sciences, the following questions are raised: ① What is the relationship between the first and second sentences? Point out the phenomenon first, then explain it. What's the point? (The last sentence, because the task of teachers is put forward, this is the starting point of the argument). ② What is the basic content of the third sentence? What's the connection with the above article? (I came from "dispelling doubts", saying that if I don't follow the teacher, I will not be confused. What about the fourth sentence? (I came from "preaching" and said that I should take "Tao" as my teacher. ) What are the features of the fourth and fifth sentences together? (based on age; First raise, then ask; Firstly, it is divided, and then it is summarized by the word "teacher's way". What is the basic content of the last sentence? What does it have to do with the above? (Following the phrase "teaching as a teacher", point out the criteria for choosing a teacher. )

Summarize the general idea of each level: ① Point out the teacher's task (the first two sentences); ② Explain the necessity of dispelling doubts and "learning from others" (the middle three sentences); (3) point out the standard of choosing a teacher-"Tao" is in the teacher (the last sentence).

while analyzing the above contents, draw a schematic diagram of arts and sciences as follows:

preaching and learning to dispel doubts (a teacher's task)

↓

If you don't learn from the teacher before learning the truth, you will have no way to dispel doubts

↓ (explaining "preaching" and "dispelling doubts")

"Learning from the teacher" < p.

3. Recite this paragraph skillfully, and then discuss:

(1) Teachers have three tasks, but only two of them are elaborated in this paragraph, and the one of "receiving lessons" is not elaborated. Why?

(2) which of the two items is the main one? What's the reason?

(3) What do you think of the slogan "Learn from others"?

[hint] to answer the above questions, it is best to look at the overall situation of the article. Steps: First, discuss in groups (four people at the front and back tables), and then push the representatives to speak, and then the teachers will summarize and supplement them appropriately.

The key points of the answer are as follows: ① It is a teacher's basic job to be educated, that is, it is well known that "teaching books and learning to read their sentences" is mentioned below. At the beginning, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the tasks of teachers, but it is not the object of discussion. (2) In Han Yu's view, the most important task of a teacher is to preach. His main purpose is to preach and restore Confucian orthodoxy, so he put forward the slogan of "learning from others". This intention runs through the whole article (with examples omitted). The slogan of "learning from Tao" is of positive significance, and "Tao" is the commander-in-chief of knowledge. Only by "learning from the Tao" can we learn fundamentally, which is still valuable for reference today.

fourth, leave homework.

1. Recite the first paragraph skillfully.

2. Prepare to read paragraph 2 and think about the following questions:

① How many layers can this paragraph be divided into?

② what is the main discussion method in this paragraph?

③ The language in this paragraph is sharp and sharp, so we should seriously understand it.

④ This paragraph is quite distinctive in the use of function words, so we should pay attention to the tone of the author's writing and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.

Second class

Teaching process

First, check the homework.

1. Recite the first paragraph.

2. Answer the question about the relationship between function words and mood expression:

① Does the mood change after deleting the function words with brackets in the sentence?

It's been a long time (lamenting the lack of meaning)

It's (also) difficult for people to be (confused) (same as above)

The reason why saints are sacred and fools are stupid is (almost) (rhetorical questions turn into statements, which are unremarkable) < p Try to exchange their positions, make some comparisons and talk about the difference between them. ("Ehu" means to lament, while "Alas" means to lament, which cannot be interchanged in this paragraph. )

(3) Some people say that after "today's wisdom is beyond reach", the word "ye" can be added to show extremely positive meaning. What do you think of this? (Can't add. Adding "ye" means to close the whole paragraph, and the following sentence "it's strange and embarrassing" becomes redundant, and the author's main meaning is precisely this sentence. )

second, read the second paragraph.

1. Read and talk about reciting.

mode: divided into sections, and the number of words in each section is roughly equal; Read (including teachers leading reading, students reading by themselves) and then talk, talk and recite.

"hehe"! ..... It's all out of this?

(1) What is the structural function of the sentence "If you don't pass on the teachings, it will be a long time"? (a) the transition, the above said "ancient", which began to say "today"; The second is to prompt the content of this paragraph, and analyze the reasons why the "teacher's way" is not passed on. What is the connotation of "learning from others"? (This language follows the above sentence, "Nothing is expensive or cheap ... What a teacher has", and this is its connotation. )

② From the way of writing, the following includes three groups of "antithesis"-antithesis of "ancient sages" and "modern people". The contents of antithesis are related and different, so try to make an analysis. (The first group talks about two different styles of study: the ancient sages are willing to "learn from the teacher and ask questions", while the present people are "ashamed to learn from the teacher". The second group talks about the different results of these two styles of study. The third group is general, pointing out that the different results are due to different styles of study. )

③ There are four words "ye" in this passage to indicate a pause in the sentence. Please point it out. (Don't pass it on, don't be confused, be a person, be a sage) Which of the following function words does "You're still" in "You're still a teacher and ask questions" refer to? ("and" of "being ashamed to learn from the teacher") Which sentence pattern indicates causality? ("The reason why ... is out of ...")

"I love my son ... I have never seen it clearly."

① who said the word "body" of "in its body"? As can be seen from "loving his son", this refers to a father. ) from the way of writing, is this whole sentence also a counterpoint (it can be a counterpoint, but the sentence structure is different. Does the author just point out the existence of this phenomenon? (No, there are also comments: "Confused". ) Can you delete "confused"? No, it has the function of leading the following. )

② which of the following sentences directly echoes "confused"? ("primary school