What are the directions of the Yellow River?

Yellow River - the river with the most sediment in the world. Yellow River, the mother river of China!

Basic information

The length is 5464 kilometers, the source is 4800 meters above sea level, the average flow is 1774.5 cubic meters/second, the drainage area is 752443 square kilometers, the source is in Qinghai Province, and it flows into the Bohai Sea, with the middle and lower reaches Demarcation point: Hekou, also known as the old Mengjin. Origin: Northern foothills of Bayan Har Mountains, Qinghai Province.

Natural Features

The Yellow River is the second longest river in my country. It originates from the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai. Its main stream runs through nine provinces and autonomous regions, flowing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, a drainage area of ??750,000 square kilometers, an annual runoff of 57.4 billion cubic meters, and an average runoff depth of 79 meters. However, the amount of water is not as large as that of the Pearl River. There are 35 major tributaries along the way. The larger tributaries are in the upper reaches, including Huangshui River and Tao River. In the middle reaches, there are Qingshui River, Fen River, Wei River and Qin River, and in the lower reaches, there are Yi River and Luo River. There are no lakes on both sides of the river, the lower reaches of the Yellow River are very small, and there are very few rivers flowing into the Yellow River. The mouth of the Yellow River is 1,500 meters wide, usually 500 meters, and the narrower part is only 300 meters. The water depth is generally 2.5 meters, and in some places the depth is only 1.2 to 1.3 meters.

Geographical environment

From the source of the river to the guide mountain range and grassland plateau, it belongs to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The altitude is above 3000 meters, the peaks are over 4000 meters, and the source valley is 4200 meters above sea level. The terrain on both sides of the river valley in the river source section is gentle and poorly drained, forming a large area of ??swampland with many lakes. The section from Guide to Mengjin is the Loess Plateau area. The Loess Plateau is Luliang West Wave, the Wei River Valley in the south, the Ordos Plateau in the north, and the Ordos Plateau in the west. To the Lanzhou Valley; the Loess Plateau generally has an altitude of 1,000 to 1,300 meters. The terrain is undulating, with steep slopes and deep ravines. The gully ground slope is 15 to 20 degrees. The gully area accounts for 40 to 50%. The channel density is 3 to 5 kilometers per square kilometer. The cutting depth is More than 100 meters; below Mengjin, it enters the low-lying North China Plain, with an altitude of no more than 50 meters. After entering the lower reaches, the river is flat, with an average specific drop of only 0.12. The water flow slows down and a large amount of sediment accumulates, 4 to 5 meters above the ground; due to the Yellow River After many changes of course, the ground alluvialized into fan-shaped ancient river beds and ancient natural embankments, becoming a sloping plain with gentle hills and depressions alternately distributed. The depressions are relatively open and flat.

Basin Overview

The upper reaches of the Yellow River from its source to Hekou Town, Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is 3,472 kilometers long; the middle reaches is between Hekou Town and Taohua Valley, Zhengzhou, Henan, with a river length of 3,472 kilometers. 1,206 kilometers; below Taohuayu is the lower reaches, with a river length of 786 kilometers. (There are many opinions on the division of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The division plan of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission is used here.) The Yellow River traverses China from east to west. The basin is 1,900 kilometers long from east to west and 1,100 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of ??752,443 square kilometers.

The Yellow River, like a lion with its back arched and head held high, crosses the mountains of Qinghai and Gansu Provinces from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; crosses the Hetao Plains of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia; and gallops between Shanxi and Shaanxi Among the high mountains and deep valleys; break through the "Dragon Gate", turn east at the foot of Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, cross the North China Plain, and rush to the coast of the Bohai Sea. It flows through 9 provinces and regions, gathering more than 40 main tributaries and more than 1,000 streams, with a journey of 5,464 kilometers and a drainage area of ??more than 750,000 square kilometers. It is the second longest river in China. The average annual precipitation in the entire basin is about 400 mm, while the average annual runoff of the Yellow River is only 57.4 billion cubic meters, ranking eighth among Chinese rivers. Within the basin, together with the downstream Henan and Shandong riverside areas, there are more than 200 million acres of cultivated land and a population of about 100 million.

The annual average natural runoff of the entire Yellow River is 58 billion cubic meters, the average annual runoff depth in the basin is 77 mm, the per capita water volume in the basin is 593 cubic meters, and the average water volume per mu of cultivated land is 324 cubic meters.

The middle reaches of the Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau, and its tributaries bring in large amounts of sediment, making the Yellow River the river with the most sediment in the world. The maximum annual sand transport volume reached 3.91 billion tons (1933), and the maximum sand content was 920 kg/cubic meter (1977).

The multi-year average sediment transport volume of Sanmenxia Station is about 1.6 billion tons, and the average sediment content is 35 kg/cubic meter.

Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Yellow River are Baihe River, Heihe River, Huangshui River, Zuli River, Qingshui River, Dahei River, Kuye River, Wuding River, Fenhe River, Weihe River, Luohe River, Qinhe River, Dawen River, etc.

The main lakes

are Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake, Wuliangsuhai and Dongping Lake.

Mainstream Canyons

There are 30 canyons on the main stream of the Yellow River, 28 in the upper reaches, 2 in the middle reaches, and the lower reaches flow through North China. Plains, no canyons. The total length of the main stream canyon section is 1,707 kilometers, accounting for 31.2% of the total length of the main stream