I am a computer boy and want to teach myself computer installation. What should novices pay attention to?

Children ask the computer if Xiaobai can install the computer by himself. What should novices pay attention to? I carefully read the introduction of my friends. Pure white has no computer knowledge and wants to finish it by self-study. Actually, how can I say this? Mainly depends on the individual's ability to accept, and then I will give you a general introduction to how to upgrade from the small white stage to the computer entry stage. Note that there are many knowledge points, so I will introduce them in detail in several parts:

The first part is the identification of computer hardware.

The second part is the performance and positioning of computer hardware.

The third part is the configuration method of computer hardware.

The fourth part is the choice method of computer brand.

CPU identification

When you touch the computer, you must identify the computer processor. The CPU is actually the central processing unit of the computer. It is responsible for the overall operation of the computer. There are only two processor brands, Intel and AMD. The biggest difference between the two companies is the pin. AMD is a pin type and Intel is a contact type. Because the pins are different, their motherboards are also different, so we must pay attention to the distinction when choosing.

Main board identification

The motherboard is actually equivalent to a large catenary, and all the accessories are connected by him. CPU, graphics card and memory all transmit data and instructions through him, so a good motherboard determines the stable performance of the computer. A motherboard is mainly composed of CPU slot, memory slot, graphics card slot and various electronic components.

Graphic card recognition

The graphics card is mainly responsible for image processing. Usually the GPU you see refers to the graphics card processing chip. In fact, this GPU has the same function as the computer CPU, except that one is responsible for the instruction and data processing of the whole computer and the other is only responsible for graphics data processing. The performance of graphics card also depends on GPU core code, architecture and manufacturing process. At present, there are only two graphics card chip manufacturers, namely NVIDIA and AMD. The brand manufacturers you see, such as ASUS, Gigabyte and MSI, are actually just graphics card manufacturers, not chips.

Memory recognition

Memory stick is also a very important accessory in computer operation. All applications run in memory at runtime. The biggest feature of memory is the disappearance of power-off data. Many friends like to confuse memory with hard disk. Although they are all storage devices, they work in completely different ways.

Hard disk identification

Hard disk is a storage device for storing various application data and system data. All applications and computer systems, including videos and photos that people usually store, are put on the hard disk. The biggest feature of hard disk is that data will not disappear after power failure, in other words, it is equivalent to a computer warehouse.

Power identification

Power supply belongs to the logistics force of the whole computer. CPU, graphics card, memory and motherboard are all powered by power supply, so a good power supply can ensure the stable operation of the computer, so you can save electricity anywhere in a computer. Never save it!

Chassis identification

Part II Performance and Positioning of Computer Hardware Next, let's talk about the performance and positioning of computer hardware. For beginners, I don't know how to shrink and how to perform when I see various models. Then I will talk about how to quickly understand the performance positioning of the computer.

★ CPU performance positioning

As far as the current processors are concerned, as far as Intel and AMD are concerned, I will briefly talk about their overall positioning:

Intel processors:

Celeron, Pentium and Core are common Intel processors, among which Celeron is a low-end processor, suitable for office use with low requirements, Pentium is an entry-level processor, suitable for office and daily use, and Core is a mid-to high-end processor, suitable for mainstream applications and game requirements, so you should know how to choose the corresponding series of processors!

But at present, Celeron or Pentium series are basically not selected for mainstream installation, and Core series is the main one, so this Core series has several small series, namely Core i3 i5 i7 i9. In terms of performance, i3 is a mid-range processor, which can meet daily needs and run most games, i5 can meet all mainstream applications and games, and i7 and i9 can meet large and super-large applications and games.

AMD processor:

At present, there are not many series of AMD processors, and the two series active in the world are nothing more than New Athlon and Ruilong. Among them, the new Athlon is an entry-level processing, mainly used for daily office audio and video, and its performance is almost the same as that of Pentium. Ruilong is a mid-to high-end processor, mainly used for mainstream applications and games, while Ripper is a flagship processor, mainly used for enthusiasts.

Among them, this Ruilong series is divided into several small series, and its positioning is similar to that of Core. There is also R3 R5 R7, in which R3 belongs to the mid-range model, which can meet most application requirements, R5 belongs to the mid-to high-end model, which can basically meet mainstream applications and games, R7 belongs to the high-end processor, which can completely meet fever-level applications and games, and Ripper belongs to the flagship, which can be said to have killed all current applications and games.

★ Main board performance positioning

Intel motherboard positioning

We can also distinguish the positioning of this Intel motherboard from letters and numbers. Alphabetically, H belongs to the entry level, B belongs to the mainstream level, and Z belongs to the high-end chipset with overclocking function. Speaking of this overclocking function, we need to delay to another knowledge point, that is, the CPU also needs to support overclocking function before it can be turned on. At present, all Intel processors with K suffix support overclocking, such as i5 9600K I7 9700k.

Similarly, Intel motherboards are basically three digits. Theoretically, the first digit represents a series, such as 150 250 360. 1 2 3 The first digit represents the foundation series, and the second digit represents the overall positioning. The big one stands for high positioning and the small one stands for low positioning. Common numbers are 1 6 7 9, and the third digit is mostly zero. We look at the letters in front of us, such as H3 10, so they are low-end in terms of letters and numbers, B360 is the mainstream in terms of letters and positioning, and Z370 390 is a high-end chip with overclocking function. Is this simple?

AMD motherboard positioning

AMD's motherboard positioning is basically the same as Intel's, but the numbers are different. The initials generally begin with A B and X, where A belongs to an entry-level motherboard such as A320, B to a mid-range mainstream motherboard such as B450, and X to a high-end motherboard such as X470 X570.

In addition, the biggest difference between the motherboard with the beginning of X and the motherboard with the beginning of B is that the motherboard with the beginning of X can support adaptive dynamic spread spectrum overclocking, but the selected AMD processor needs the model with the end of X, such as 2600X 2700X 3700X, so that the overclocking function can be automatically turned on, which is very suitable for small partners with weak hands-on ability. The motherboard starting with B also supports overclocking, but it needs to be turned on manually by the small partner. Relatively speaking, the motherboard at the beginning of X and the CPU at the end of X have better overclocking physique.

★ Graphics card performance positioning

NVIDIA graphics card

Regarding NVIDIA graphics cards, letters and numbers can be used to distinguish its positioning and performance. First of all, the letter in front of the general graphics card model determines its overall positioning. GT starts with low-end graphics cards, GTX starts with mainstream graphics cards, and RTX locates high-end flagship graphics cards.

So how do you locate this number that represents performance? Generally speaking, 1 to 4 is low performance, 5 is medium performance and 6 to 8 is high performance. For example, GT 7 10 belongs to low-end performance in terms of letters and performance figures, GTX 1660 belongs to mainstream high performance, and RTX 2080 belongs to high-end high performance. Suffixes with TI or super belong to the same series of enhanced versions, such as 1660ti or 2070super.

AMD chipset graphics card

AMD chipset, the former ATI chip, was later acquired by AMD, and its recognition method is basically the same as that of NVIDIA, but AMD's positioning is rather confusing. In the past few years, it was basically HD, followed by R, and now it is RX. From the performance point of view, HD has been eliminated, and the market is basically R and RX series, with R basically positioning the mid-range and RX positioning the mainstream. RXVega is the flagship level, and the suffix X XT is the enhanced version. SP is a smaller version such as RX 580SP.

In this R series, R5, R7 and R9 belong to the entry level, R7 belongs to the mainstream level and R9 belongs to the high-end level, but precisely, these series will also be eliminated. At present, the mainstream series is RX, the latest ones are RX 5700 and 5700XT, or RXVega56 and 64 in previous years, and the highest one should be Radium Dragon VII. The overall positioning of graphics cards is not as rich as that of NVIDIA, and the high-end opportunities are comprehensive from NVIDIA.

★ Memory performance positioning

The quality of this memory stick mainly depends on the particles. When we choose, we mainly choose Samsung, Magnum, Hynix and South Asia. At present, domestic memory particles also have purple light, because the performance is not very popular. I saw the purple DDR4 8g 2666 around 170 in a treasure, and the price is reasonable, but it seems that the sales volume is very small.

In addition, according to the types of memory, it can be divided into DDR2 DDR3 DDR4, of which DDR2 DDR3 has almost withdrawn from the market. At present, DDR4 memory stick is the mainstream, so it must be purchased according to the memory model and frequency supported by CPU and motherboard. Don't listen to other people's nonsense. The higher the memory frequency, the better. If the motherboard doesn't support you, it will run at the frequency supported by the motherboard. In addition, it depends on the timing. In theory, the lower the timing, the better, but some sticks depend on the specific situation.

★ Hard disk performance positioning

As far as the current hard disk is concerned, there are mechanical hard disk, hybrid hard disk and SSD solid state hard disk according to performance. Among them, mechanical hard disk is the cheapest and the performance is the worst, then hybrid hard disk, SSD solid state hard disk is the best and the fastest. Next, I will briefly describe it.

Mechanical hard disk

Mechanical hard disk is the traditional computer hard disk, which is the most installed computer in the past. Its working principle is to read the data on the disk by rotating the magnetic head with a motor. Its advantages are low price, large capacity and long service life, but its disadvantages are no earthquake resistance, high power consumption, loud noise, large volume and heavy weight.

Hybrid hard disk

The so-called hybrid hard disk is actually based on the original mechanical hard disk, plus flash particles similar to solid-state hard disks. The capacity of this particle is not very large, usually a few G, which mainly stores the data frequently used by small partners, so as to achieve the speed similar to that of solid-state hard disks.

Solid state disk

Solid-state hard disk is the mainstream installation choice at present, which has the advantages of fast speed, light weight, low noise and earthquake resistance. Generally speaking, the speed is more than twice that of mechanical hard disk, but the disadvantage is that the life is not as long as that of mechanical hard disk. Generally speaking, there is no problem in normal operation for ten or twenty years.

The performance of SSD is mainly related to the main control and flash particles. The types of flash memory are SLC, MLC and TLC. In terms of performance, TLC is the weakest, so MLC is the best. In fact, just looking at the flash memory is not sure whether it is good or not, but mainly depends on the optimization of the main control. The master control is not good, and everything else is just a cloud. Common main control chips are Rong Hui, Qunlian, Marvell and Samsung. As the saying goes, a good horse should have a good saddle.

In addition, SSD can also be divided into SATA interface SSD and M.2 interface SSD. When choosing, you must choose the SSD of the corresponding interface according to the type supported by the motherboard. Generally speaking, the SSD of M.2 interface is stronger than that of traditional SATA interface.

★ Power supply performance positioning

If we want to know the performance of power supply, we need to look at it from two aspects. On the one hand, it is the workmanship and brand of power supply. Generally speaking, the quality of big brands is guaranteed, such as the common Haiyun, Pirate Ship, Zhenhua, Antaike, Hangjia, Great Wall and Delta.

In addition to looking at the brand, it is to look at the certification level of the power supply. For power supply, there is a special certification called 80plus. This 80plus certification is divided into six grades, which are white, bronze, silver, gold, platinum and titanium gold according to the performance from low to high. As long as it is above the gold medal, it is a good power supply.

In other words, for friends who are new to computers, don't know too much knowledge first, just choose a bigger power supply with a brand above the gold medal.

The third part is the configuration method of computer hardware. The above talked about the overall positioning of the hardware, and then talked about the collocation method.

I've always had an idea about this matching method, that is, we match the low-end processor with the low-end motherboard, the low-end graphics card, the mid-end processor with the mid-end motherboard graphics card, the high-end processor with the high-end motherboard graphics card, and other accessories are pushed in turn. The purpose of this matching is to reduce bottlenecks and optimize the performance of all accessories.

For example, if you want to assemble a game computer, and your own purpose is to play games, then the reference standard is the mainstream game standard of that year. You can go directly to official website to see the recommended configuration scheme. We must recommend the configuration scheme instead of the minimum configuration scheme here. Generally speaking, the minimum scheme is difficult to run smoothly.

If you don't want to refer to the game official website data, you can match it according to the mainstream models of that year. If we need to install a high-end computer to play games, then our CPU will choose the mainstream models of that year, such as this year's ninth generation i5 series or Ruilong III series. The graphics card should also be of a mid-to high-end positioning model, such as16601660s1660ti or 590 5700 5700xt. The memory also matches the base with a minimum of 8g according to the actual usage, and the game computer recommends the base of 16g.

Therefore, the choice of hardware collocation method should reasonably match the accessories with corresponding performance according to their own purposes, rather than unilaterally determining the hardware according to the budget. This will only lead to the failure to achieve the goal in the later stage, and it will cost money to upgrade the hardware again, which is not worth the candle!

Part IV Computer Brand Selection Method Most people think that as long as you choose a first-line brand, it is accurate. In fact, this method is also a measure. For the first-line brands, the quality, technology and after-sales of products are better than those of the second and third lines. At present, the first-line computer accessories manufacturers include ASUS, Gigabyte, MSI and other brands. So the first-line brand must be good? So how do we choose a brand?

In fact, I don't recommend going to any first-line brands here, mainly depending on my own use and budget. As far as the current brands are concerned, most of them are interrelated, just like Huaqing and Asus. Many brand manufacturers do not have OEM production lines. In fact, their production methods are basically the same, and there is no difference between good and bad. If the budget is sufficient, there is no problem for some brands in the world, but if the budget is tight, we should choose some second-and third-line products appropriately.

On the whole, in order to adapt to all stages, first-line brands will launch beggar version and full blood version. Similarly, the second and third choice brands will also launch a full blood version, and at this time it is necessary to look at the price comparison. If you buy the first-line brand at this price, you can only buy the beggar version, but the second-and third-line brands can buy the full blood version. In this case, we might as well consider the second and third line brands. Sometimes performance is king, and everything else is floating clouds.

The last sentence: In fact, computers are not difficult, mainly depending on whether you are diligent enough. For computer hardware, we need to be bold and cautious. First of all, we must dare to do it. Don't be afraid, learn to be calm and calm when things happen. People who are too impatient are not suitable for installing machines. We must do our homework before doing anything. No, we can find knowledge through various channels. Installation is the most ignorant and forced. I will simply say so much about this topic today. If you need to know more knowledge, you can also pay attention to it.