What are the representative works of three foreign short story writers? Can you tell me about their specific introduction?

1 guy de maupassant (1850-1893) is a famous French critical realism writer in the second half of the 9th century. He comes from a declining aristocratic family in Normandy, France. After graduating from high school, the Franco-Prussian War broke out and he was drafted into the army. Two years of military camp life made him realize the cruelty of war, and the crisis of the motherland inspired his patriotic thought. After the war, he went to Paris, worked as a clerk in the Admiralty and the Ministry of Education, and began to create literature. The creation of boule de suif was completed in 1880, which caused a sensation in the French literary world. Later, he left his post to engage in specialized literary creation and worshipped Flaubert as a teacher. During the period of 10, he wrote more than 300 short stories and 6 novels, many of which were widely circulated, especially short stories, which made him a master of short stories. Novels include Her Life and Beauty (Jun You). Short stories include Miss Feifei, Necklace and My Uncle Christmas. These works satirize and expose the evils of capitalism to varying degrees, especially the depravity of people's spirit under the corrosion of bourgeois ideology.

His novels also have profound attainments in artistic techniques, especially short stories. His works pay attention to the layout of the structure, and his writing is ups and downs and fascinating. The story is clever and true, and the ending is unexpected and reasonable. Another outstanding feature is to reveal the inner world of characters with washed pen and ink, and to create many vivid artistic images.

Mo Bosang is a famous French novelist in the19th century. He was once known as the king of short stories. He was born in Normandy, France on 1850. At the age of 20, the Franco-Prussian War broke out and he became a soldier. Two years of military camp life made him realize the cruelty of war, and the danger of the motherland inspired his patriotic thought. After the war, he went to Paris, worked as a clerk in the Admiralty and the Ministry of Education, and began to learn to write poems, novels and plays. His first work was 1880' s Night in Maidan, which was co-written with Zola and others. He wrote one of them, The Road to Suicide, which made him famous. From then on, he began to specialize in writing. In ten years, he wrote more than 300 short stories and 6 novels. His short stories have a wide range of themes, describing all kinds of characters in the middle and lower classes of France before and after the Franco-Prussian War, reflecting the ugly reality of capitalist society to varying degrees and lashing the ugly soul of bourgeois hypocrisy, selfishness and greed. My Uncle Christmas is one of his famous works written in 1883.

When Mo Bosang was a beginner in writing, he studied under the old writer Flaubert. Once he visited Flaubert, and Flaubert received him warmly. Mo Bosang said, "I've thought of some stories to tell you-""OK." Flaubert nodded and said. When Mo Bosang finished writing what he thought was a very vivid story, he waited for Flaubert's comments. Flaubert thought about it, shook his head and suggested, "I don't advocate writing these stories." I want you to get on your horse and run outside. After an hour or two, come back and write down everything you see. ""all right. "Mo Bosang exercised his observation ability in this way. A year later, he really made great progress.

Later, he gave his works to Flaubert very devoutly and asked the elder for advice. "You're welcome. I listen carefully to your criticism. " Mo Bosang said. Flaubert finished reading these works quickly. He read them carefully. Then he said to Mo Bosang, "I don't know if you are talented. In the works you brought me, you can see that you are a little clever. But, young man, you should never forget that according to Buffon, talent is long-term perseverance. You have worked hard! " Flaubert specially instructed Mo Bosang: "When you pass a grocer sitting in front of your shop, a janitor with a pipe and a post station, please describe to me the grocer and the janitor, their posture, their whole physical appearance, and convey their whole mental state with the artist's skills, so that I won't confuse them with any other grocer or any other janitor. Please tell me in one sentence that there is a horse in the horse station, and fifty horses are different from each other. "

Flaubert taught Mo Bosang: "No matter what we describe, there is only one noun that can explain it;" To give it movement, there is only one verb; There is only one adjective to distinguish its nature. We must continue to scrutinize until we get this noun, verb and adjective. You can't always be satisfied with the same, you can't escape difficulties, you can use similar sentences to perfunctory things. " This is the origin of the famous "one word theory" in the history of world literature.

Mo Bosang's great achievements in writing in the future prove that persistent and meticulous observation, careful refinement and accurate use of language are indeed the key to successful writing. Real name: William Sydney Porter.

Pen name: O. Henry

Date of birth and death: 1862- 19 10.

Title: A famous American critical realist writer and one of the world's short story masters.

On September 1862, 1 1, O. Henry, one of the most famous American short story writers, was born in a small town in North Carolina, USA. He was praised by critics as a Manhattan Prize essayist and the father of modern American short stories. He comes from a family of doctors in Green Sboro, North Carolina, USA. Father is a doctor. 15 years old as an apprentice in my uncle's pharmacy. Five years later, I went to a ranch in Texas to herd cattle. 1884 worked as an accountant, clerk of land and resources bureau, and teller of bank. 1896, the bank found that a small sum of money was missing, and O 'Henry was suspected of arraignment. He took refuge in Latin America by way of New Orleans. 1897, returned to China to visit his wife, was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison. He worked as a pharmacist in prison and began to write short stories under the pseudonym of O. Henry, which were published in Mai Kr magazine. 190 1 was released early for "good behavior" and came to new york to specialize in writing.

His life is full of legends. He worked as a pharmacy apprentice, cowherd, accountant, land bureau clerk, journalist and bank teller. When I was a bank teller, I left home and went into exile in Honduras in Central America in order to escape the trial. Later, he was arrested and imprisoned for going home to visit his dying wife and worked as a pharmacist in the prison infirmary. When he worked in a bank, he had a writing experience. After working as a pharmacist in the prison infirmary, he began to write seriously. 190 1 After his early release, he moved to new york to specialize in writing.

There are more than 300 short stories written by O 'Henry, including Cabbage and the King (1904), Four Million (1906), Heart of the West (1907) and Voice of the City (1906). He made the atmosphere of the streets, small restaurants and shabby apartments very realistic, so he was called "the poet laureate of Manhattan". He once wrote many short stories about the life of a liar. The author tries to show that many people are high-level liars and successful liars in respectable upper society. O Henry's observation and analysis of society and life are not profound, and some of his works are shallow, but he is in a difficult life, often sharing weal and woe with frustrated little people, and can express their complicated feelings with ingenious artistic techniques. Therefore, his best short stories, such as The Sacrifice of Love, The Police and Hymns, A Furnished Room for Rent, The Gift of the Maggie, The Last Vine, etc. , can be included in the world's best short stories.

O Henry is good at describing American society, especially the life of new york people. His works are novel in conception, humorous in language and often unexpected in ending. It is also called "Humorous Encyclopedia of American Life" because it describes many characters and is full of interest in life. His representative works include the collection of novels "Cabbage and the King", "Four Million" and "The Road to Destiny". Some of his famous works, such as Sacrifice of Love, Police and Hymns, Furnished Rooms for Rent, Maggie's Gift and The Last Rattan Leaf, made him famous all over the world.

From an artistic point of view, O Henry is good at capturing the ironic and philosophical drama scenes in his life and sketching the characters' personality characteristics with cartoon-like brushstrokes. The plot of the work develops rapidly, and an unexpected ending suddenly appears at the end, which makes readers dumbfounded and can't help but admit that the story is reasonable, and then praise the author's ingenious conception. His writing style is vivid, and he is good at using puns, falsetto, homophonic and old classics, which is full of fun. He also described, created and reproduced this atmosphere with precise details. Especially the atmosphere of nightlife in metropolis.

In new york, due to the publication of a large number of excellent works, he gained fame and fortune. He is not only extravagant, but also fond of gambling and drinking. The fatigue of writing and the unrestrained life have seriously damaged his health. 1907, O 'Henry remarried. Unfortunately, the second marriage was not happy for him. On June 3rd 19 10, he was ill. Two days later, on June 5th, he died of liver cirrhosis at the age of 48. 3 Chekhov

Chekhov, (L860 ~ 1904)

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, Russia was a great writer of critical realism, a humorous satirist with meaningful interest and sharp writing style, a master of short stories and a famous playwright.

Chekhov was born in a family of ordinary citizens. After his father's grocery store went bankrupt, he finished high school as a tutor, 1879 studied medicine at Moscow University, 1884 began to write literature after graduation.

Most of his early works are short stories, such as Fat Man and Thin Man (1883), Death of a Little Civil Servant (1883), Distress (1886) and Wanka (1886). However, in The Chameleon and Sergeant Priscilla Beyev (1885), the author lashed the slaves who faithfully defended tyranny and their ugly faces, revealing the reactionary spiritual characteristics of the dark ages. 1890, after he visited Sakhalin Island, the exile place of political prisoners, he created works that showed major social problems, such as "The Sixth District" (1892), which was a work that lashed out at the czar's tyranny. Lenin was shocked after reading this novel. A House with an Attic (1896) exposes the Russian society's destruction of people's youth, talent and happiness, and satirizes the reformist activities of liberal local autonomy associations. The Farmer (1897) describes the extremely poor living conditions of the peasants in 1980s and 1990s, showing his concern and sympathy for their tragic fate, while The Canyon reveals the vicious exploitation of the rich peasants, reflecting the infiltration of capitalism into the countryside, indicating that the author has included the expression of Russian social class struggle in his creative theme. At the bride (65438+)

Chekhov turned to drama creation in his later period. His main works include Ivanov (1887), Seagull (1896), Uncle Vanya (1896) and Three Sisters (190/kloc). His plays are full of lyrical flavor and rich subtext, which is memorable. Although the script story is based on daily life, with simple plot and smooth progress, it is full of profound symbolic significance.

His novels are short and pithy, concise and simple, compact in structure, vivid in plot, humorous in style, vivid in language, full of musical rhythm and profound in meaning. He is good at discovering people and things with typical significance from daily life, making artistic generalization through humorous plots, and shaping a complete typical image to reflect the Russian society at that time. His representative works The Chameleon and The Man in the Trap are exquisite and perfect artistic treasures in the history of Russian literature. The former has become synonymous with have it both ways who is good at profiteering in disguise. The latter has become a symbol of the conformist, timid and afraid of change.

Chekhov added two immortal artistic images to the gallery of world literary figures with his outstanding satirical and humorous talents. His famous saying "Simplicity is the sister of genius" has also become the motto pursued by later writers.

Chekhov had great affection for the people of China. He asked Gorky to visit China together, but he failed to do so because of his long illness. 1904 July 15 died of lung disease.