The original text and lesson plan of Chinese Lesson 6 "Bat and Radar" in the first volume of the fourth grade of primary school compiled by the Ministry of Education

# Teaching Plan # The introduction "Bat and Radar" is a very interesting short article on popular science knowledge. It mainly talks about how scientists have revealed the secret of bats flying at night through repeated research, and were inspired by it to give The aircraft is equipped with radar, which solves the problem of safe flight at night. Kao.com has prepared the following content for your reference!

An edited version of the original text of Chinese Lesson 6 "Bat and Radar" in the first volume of the fourth grade of primary school. Two bright spots appeared in the clear night sky, getting closer and closer. , only to see clearly that there are two lights, one red and one green. Then there was a rumble. It was a plane flying at night.

How can an airplane fly safely in the dark night? It turns out that people got inspiration from bats.

Bats fly at night and can also catch moths and mosquitoes; and no matter how they fly, they have never collided with anything. Even a very thin wire can be dexterous. avoid. Could it be that its eyes are so sharp that it can see everything clearly in the dark night?

In order to clarify this problem, scientists conducted an experiment more than a hundred years ago. There were many ropes stretched across a room, and many bells were tied to the ropes. They blindfolded the bat and let it fly around the house. The bat flew for several hours without ringing any bells. It did not touch any of the many ropes.

The scientists conducted two more experiments: once they plugged the bat’s ears, and once they sealed the bat’s mouth and let it fly around the house. The bats were scurrying about like headless flies, and the bells hanging on the ropes kept ringing.

Three different experiments have proven that bats fly at night not by their eyes, but by using their mouths and ears to find their way.

After repeated research, scientists finally revealed the secret of why bats can fly at night. As it flew, it made a sound from its mouth. This sound is called ultrasonic sound, which is inaudible to human ears, but can be heard by bat ears. Ultrasonic waves push forward like waves, and when they encounter obstacles, they are reflected back and reach the bat's ears, whereupon the bat immediately changes its flight direction.

Scientists imitated the way bats find their way and installed radar on airplanes. The radar emits radio waves through the antenna. When the radio waves encounter obstacles, they are reflected back and displayed on the fluorescent screen. From the radar screen, the pilot can clearly see whether there are any obstacles ahead, so the aircraft is safer to fly.

Teaching objectives of the lesson plan "Bat and Radar" for the 6th Chinese lesson in the first volume of the fourth grade of primary school in the second part of the second edition

1. Understand the 13 words of this lesson including "bat, bat and qi" Can write 14 new characters (including 1 polyphonic character) such as "da, mosquito, ji" and understand the meaning of related words.

2. Read the text aloud, grasp the main content of the text, and understand the characteristics of bats flying at night.

3. Clarify the conclusions of the three experiments, cooperate and exchange what kind of inspiration people get from bats, understand the connection between the safe flight of aircraft at night and bat path exploration; stimulate interest in science from an early age, and cultivate innovation consciousness.

Teaching Key Points

1. Grasp the key sentences and understand how scientists get inspiration from bats.

2. Stimulate a love of science, an interest in observation and exploration, and broaden your horizons.

Teaching difficulties

1. Understand the respective pathfinding principles of bats and radar and the relationship between them.

2. Have a preliminary understanding of what bionics is and understand its application in life.

Class Arrangement

2 Class Hours

First Class Hour

Teaching Objectives

1. Understand this lesson " He can write 13 new characters including "bat, bat, and qi" (including 1 polyphonic character), and can write 14 new characters such as "da, mosquito, and ji".

2. Understand the meaning of key words and learn to summarize the main content of the text.

3. Know what radar is and understand the basic knowledge of bionics.

Teaching Key Points

1. Learn new words and be able to write them correctly.

2. Understand the main content of the text.

Teaching process:

1. Introduce new lessons and reveal topics.

1. The teacher writes the words "bat" and "radar" on the blackboard, and the multimedia shows pictures of bats and radars.

2. The teacher adds the word "和" between "bat" and "radar" to guide students to understand the topic.

Clear: The topic uses the word "and" to connect two different things, bats and radars, and is intended to allow us to explore the relationship between them.

3. Introduce the relevant knowledge of bats, radar and bionics.

Bats are truly mammals with the ability to fly. They live in various large and small caves, in the gaps, ceilings, partitions of ancient buildings, as well as in tree holes and rock crevices on mountains. Most bats rest during the day and forage at night. Bats mainly use ultrasonic echolocation to search for food, detect distances, determine targets, avoid obstacles and evade enemies. It emits ultrasonic waves with a frequency higher than 20,000 Hz from its mouth. This kind of sound wave is inaudible to human ears, but can be heard by bat ears. When ultrasonic waves encounter obstacles, they will be reflected back and transmitted to the bat's ears. Bats can judge the appearance and location of obstacles through their brains.

Radar is a device that uses electromagnetic waves for detection. The radar emits electromagnetic waves, and then uses the receiving device to receive the reflected electromagnetic waves. The received electromagnetic waves are reflected on the indicator to display the image of the detection target, so that the direction, distance, size, etc. of the target can be measured. The main application areas of radar are military combat command and civil navigation guidance.

Biomimicry is a science that imitates the special abilities of living things. It mainly observes, studies and simulates various special abilities of living things in nature, including the structure, principles, behaviors, various organ functions, and internal functions of living things. Physical and chemical processes, energy supply, memory and transmission, etc., thus providing new design ideas, working principles and system architecture for science and technology.

2. Read the text for the first time and test the preview.

1. The teacher guides students to read the text freely, and the courseware provides questions to think about: Scientists got inspiration from ______ and invented _________, so that _________ can _________.

2. Students read the text freely, read the pronunciation of the characters, read the sentences, and circle new words.

3. The teacher guides students to check each other’s memorization of new words.

4. The teacher checks the word preview.

The courseware shows word cards with pinyin and reads them by name. The teacher uses the camera to guide students on the pronunciation of new words.

Words that can be written: radar (dá) mosquito (wén) child that is (jí) envoy (kē) scholar horizontal (hénɡ) seven vertical (shù) eight ropes (shénɡ) subsystem (jì ) a fly (yínɡ), a certificate (zhènɡ), a clear study (yán), a study (jiū), a driving (jià), a driving (shǐ)

Words you can recognize: bat (biān) bat (fú) Qi (qǐ) ) shows keenness (ruì), bell (dānɡ), uncovers (jiē), removes obstacles (zhànɡ), illuminates (yínɡ) light screen (pínɡ)

3. Read the text again and perceive the whole.

1. Guide students to read the text again and circle difficult words and sentences.

2. The classmates communicate and circle the content, and the teacher points out key words based on the students’ communication situation.

(1) How do airplanes fly safely in the (dark) night?

Default: First, guide students to understand that "dark" is a status word and a polysemous word, and then show pictures of jet-black hair and a cave without light, so that students can understand that in the previous picture, " "Pitch black" means very dark; in the latter picture, "pitch black" means very dark with no light. Finally, combined with this sentence in the text, we can see that "dark" should be the second meaning here.

(2) Are its eyes so special (sharp) that it can see everything clearly in the dark night?

Default: "Acuity" means sensitive (feeling) and sharp (eyesight). When explaining this word, teachers can show its synonym "agile" and antonym "slow", so that students can perceive its meaning through words with similar or opposite meanings, thereby deepening their impression.

(3) Many ropes were pulled in a room (horizontally and vertically), and many bells were tied to the ropes.

Default: Show pictures of a room where things are piled up randomly and pictures of a room where things are neatly arranged, so that students can feel the meaning of "horizontal and vertical" in the comparison.

(4) As it flies, it makes a sound from its mouth. This sound is called (ultrasound), which is inaudible to human ears, but can be heard with bat ears.

Default: Ultrasound may be unfamiliar to students. Teachers can introduce the knowledge about ultrasound appropriately and guide students to understand its meaning based on the application of ultrasound in life.

Ultrasound is a type of sound wave that is inaudible to the human ear and has a frequency higher than 20,000 Hz. Like sound waves, they are produced by material vibration and can only propagate in media; at the same time, they also exist widely in nature. Many animals can emit and receive ultrasonic waves, among which bats are the most prominent. They can use Faint ultrasonic echoes fly through the darkness and capture food.

3. Guide word classification.

◆Onomatopoeia: rumble, chirp, goo, goo, goo, goo, goo, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, we’re going to go, we’re going to do it!” .Understand the text content as a whole.

(1) Guide students to read the text silently and provide questions to think about during silent reading.

Reading and thinking:

A. What is the core content of this article? (People were inspired by the fact that bats can fly at night and installed radar on aircraft)

B. How do bats find their way at night? How did scientists discover it? (Mouth and ears; three experiments)

C. How do scientists conduct experiments? What conclusion was reached? (Bindfolded, not a single bell rang, plugged ears, sealed mouth, and bumped around; bats fly at night not by their eyes, but by their mouths and ears)

D. Why do bats fly at night? Can you fly smoothly? (The bat emits ultrasonic waves from its mouth while flying. The ultrasonic waves are reflected back when it encounters obstacles. The bat receives the echo and locates its position.)

Default: Guide students to read the text by themselves and extract key information from the text. answer.

E. Show the courseware and name students to fill in the blanks: Bats fly at night by ________. ______ can send out _________, and when _________ is received, the bat will immediately change its flight direction. Scientists were inspired to install _________ on airplanes to make night flights safer.

(2) Group cooperation and communication, divide the text into levels, and write the main content of each level.

A. Number the paragraphs and divide them into levels.

B. Sort out the main content of each layer.

Part One (Natural Paragraphs 1~2): It is written that people get inspiration from bats for the safe night flight of airplanes.

The second part (3rd to 7th natural paragraph): Write about the scientist who discovered the mystery of bat flight after repeated experiments.

The third part (paragraph 8): Write about how airplanes can fly safely at night using radar.

4. Class review and exchange of results.

1. The teacher summarizes the teaching content of this class and comments on the students’ classroom performance.

Transition: We know that even in the dark night, airplanes can fly safely and smoothly. This is because people took inspiration from bats and installed radar on airplanes. So how do people draw inspiration from bats? What special functions does radar have that can effectively direct aircraft to avoid obstacles? We will explore it in depth in the next lesson.

Summary: In today’s class, we started with new words, mastered the pronunciation and writing rules of key words, and understood the meaning of key words. With everyone's joint efforts, we have also grasped the main content of the text as a whole. There are so many knowledge points that we must master. We must review more after class. The teacher will check it in the next class.

In this class, the students performed very well. ____ was able to sum up the rules of literacy based on the teacher's explanation. It was not easy. ______ learned about bionics and ultrasound by searching for information before class. This way, Helps understand the content of the text; _______ has its own views on the text, ____________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

2. Guide students to exchange their findings.

(1) Communicate freely and accumulate learning methods.

(2) Ask relevant questions during the preview of the text and try to give answers.

Question examples

A. What is the role of the second natural paragraph in the text?

B. Do bats rely on their eyes to fly at night?

C. How do scientists study the flight principles of bats?

D. What is the secret of bats flying at night? How does it identify obstacles?

E. What is the relationship between bats and radar? How do scientists exploit this relationship?

……

5. Work design, consolidation and improvement.

Complete the training corresponding to this lesson.

Second Lesson

Teaching objectives:

1. Grasp the key sentences and understand how bats fly at night.

2. Summarize and analyze several experiments conducted by scientists, and grasp the enlightenment that scientists got from them.

3. Understand the relationship between bats and radar, and understand the working principle of radar.

4. Understand the application of bionics in life and stimulate interest in exploring science.

Teaching focus:

1. Grasp the process of scientists getting inspiration from bats to install radar on aircraft.

2. Dare to explore and cultivate a sense of innovation in life.

Teaching process:

1. Review the past, learn new things, and introduce new lessons.

1. The teacher reads the words, the students write silently, and the teacher checks the students’ silent writing.

Radar moths and mosquitoes are even dexterous and keen. Science ties shoelaces horizontally and vertically. Rope flies prove that research advances to imitate antennas and radio waves to display drivers.

2. Guide students to speak enthusiastically and talk about the main points of the text. content.

Clearly: The text mainly talks about how scientists, through repeated research, uncovered the secret of how bats can fly at night, and were inspired to install radar on airplanes to solve the problem of safe flight at night.

3. Teacher transition and introduction of new lessons.

Transition: After previewing in the last class, we have initially mastered the content of the text. We know that people install radar on airplanes so that they can fly safely at night. This is inspired by bats. So how did this inspiration come about? Now let us enter the text again and follow the scientists to explore it.

2. Study the text and focus on the exploration.

1. Guide students to read the text again and circle key contents and difficult-to-understand sentences while reading.

2. Communicate with each other at the same table and talk about your understanding of the circle drawing content and any doubts.

3. Name students to report, and the teacher will point out representative issues.

(1) How does an airplane fly safely in the dark night? It turns out that people got inspiration from bats. (What rhetorical techniques are used in these two sentences? What is their role in the text? What questions did you have after reading these two sentences?)

Default: Guide students to recall commonly used rhetorical techniques, and Make it clear that these two sentences use the rhetorical technique of asking questions. When analyzing the functions of these two sentences, students can be guided to combine them with the context. Students can have different opinions on the questions that arise after reading the sentences. As long as they are reasonable, teachers should encourage them.

Method expansion: Rhetorical techniques include metaphor, personification, parallelism, antithesis, exaggeration, quotation, rhetorical question, hypothetical question, intertextuality, synaesthesia, irony, repetition, etc. Asking is one of them, often used to express emphasis. In order to emphasize a certain part of the content, deliberately ask questions first, ask questions knowingly, and answer them yourself. The correct use of questions can attract people's attention and inspire thinking; highlighting certain content can make the article interesting and changeable. Questions must be used appropriately, that is, they must be used where and when necessary, and they must be targeted and inspiring.

(2) Bats fly at night and can also catch moths and mosquitoes; and no matter how they fly, they have never collided with anything, even a very thin wire. Can also avoid it deftly. (This sentence uses multiple related words. What is the expression effect? ??Can you use these related words to write another sentence?)

Default: First, guide students to find out the words used in the sentence one by one. Related words, and then combined with sentences to analyze their expression effects in detail. When writing sentences using these related words, students should be reminded to pay attention to the logical relationships within the sentences and make sense.

(3) After research, scientists have revealed the secret of why bats can fly at night. After repeated research, scientists finally revealed the secret of why bats can fly at night. (Comparing these two sentences, what did you find? What did you feel from them?)

Preset: Guide students to read the sentences repeatedly and discover the differences in wording between the two sentences (the second sentence Use the words "repeatedly" and "finally"), and then experience the expression effect of using these two words (showing the hard work of scientists).

(4) As it flies, it makes a sound from its mouth. This sound is called ultrasound, which is inaudible to human ears, but can be heard with bat ears. Ultrasonic waves push forward like waves, and when they encounter obstacles, they are reflected back and reach the bat's ears, whereupon the bat immediately changes its flight direction. (These sentences reveal the mystery of bats’ nocturnal movements. Can you explain it in your own words and draw a diagram?)

Default: The teacher shows the diagram and then explains the diagram in detail using sentences. Combining pictures and text will make it easier for students to understand.

Schematic example: bat mouth →>>> (ultrasonic)

Ears ←