Appreciation of Descriptive Methods and Sentences in Suzhou Gardens

Text discussion

1. Overall grasp

This paper first summarizes the overall characteristics of Suzhou Gardens, and then explains them from various aspects. Although the article did not mention the name of any garden or describe a specific scenery, the knowledge about Suzhou gardens gained by readers is comprehensive and clear. At the same time, readers also get some ways to appreciate China gardens.

The characteristics of Suzhou gardens are: make sure that no matter where visitors stand, they always have a perfect picture in front of them. In other words, that is, "everything must exist to form a perfect picture, and there must be no failure that hurts beauty." There are many famous gardens in Suzhou, such as Humble Administrator's Garden, Master of Nets Garden, Lingering Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, etc., which are the most prominent ones. That is to say, as far as these gardens are concerned, their buildings, landscapes, flowers and trees are different and have their own characteristics, and these famous gardens have their own styles and vitality. How to generalize the similarities from these gardens with different faces and styles is not easy. The author skillfully focuses on the impression of Suzhou gardens from the perspective of tourists, and "hard" is to find the same from the differences. China's garden art is connected with the art of poetry and painting, and China's garden has always been praised as picturesque. Therefore, the author's feeling as a tourist is accurate and appropriate, which also shows the author's profound artistic accomplishment. In addition, for the "picture", we should also delve into it in order to better understand the characteristics of Suzhou gardens. Generally speaking, the scenery depicted in the picture comes from nature and is higher than nature. The painter extracts, refines and concentrates the natural scenery, and then creates a picture that is not contrary to the nature and is more aesthetic. Based on this, we can understand that the beauty of Suzhou gardens is carefully arranged without damaging nature. "No matter where visitors stand, they always have a perfect picture in front of them", and "always in front of them" emphasizes that Suzhou gardens are a perfect artistic whole.

The overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens are mainly reflected in the following four aspects:

(1) Pay attention to the layout of pavilions and pavilions. The layout of pavilions and pavilions "never pays attention to symmetry". The author compares the layout of Suzhou gardens with the traditional buildings in China, and compares the pattern painting with the art painting, which shows that Suzhou gardens have the beauty of natural layout.

(2) Pay attention to the cooperation of rockeries and ponds. The stacking of rockeries has natural interest, which makes people forget that they are rockeries. Ponds and marshes "mostly refer to running water" because running water is interesting. "Some gardens and ponds are spacious ... and bridges are often arranged", which is based on local conditions, and confirms the previous statement that "designers and craftsmen are creative according to local conditions". More than two bridges are never the same, but they are actually about avoiding symmetry and paying attention to the interest of nature. Don't let go of the details, such as the stone bank "always bends up and down", and also arranges a few stones or plants. These arrangements make the rockeries and ponds in Suzhou gardens look like nature, although they are artificial, which is exactly what the landscape in the garden pursues.

(3) Pay attention to the setting off of flowers and trees. The setting off of flowers and trees is also "focusing on painting". The author first introduces the good intentions of planting flowers and trees: not only pay attention to the scattered trees, but also take care of the seasonal changes. Then introduce the pruning skills of flowers and trees: take the method naturally. Taking "pines and cypresses like pagodas" and "roadside trees like parades" as a comparison, and "ancient vines" as an example, it shows that the planting and pruning of flowers and trees conform to the aesthetics of Chinese painting.

(4) pay attention to the level of close-range perspective. The ingenious use of flower walls and porches makes Suzhou gardens appear multi-layered and deep in scenery. The scenery is not displayed in an unobstructed view in front of visitors, but is displayed one after another. Visitors can enjoy the pleasure of changing scenery and get a deeper aesthetic enjoyment.

Finally, the author introduces the picturesque beauty of Suzhou gardens from the details, that is, paying attention to the beauty of composition in every corner, the beauty of patterns and carvings of doors and windows, and the beauty of colors of buildings in the garden. This is a re-emphasis on the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

second, research on the problem

the paper mentioned painting many times, linked painting with landscape architecture, analyzed landscape architecture with the principle of painting, or proved the principle of painting with landscape architecture, and tried to find out several places to explain briefly.

1. "The garden is an art painting, and art painting requires natural interest, not symmetry."

2. "There are also a few exquisite stones there ... this is also to achieve the effect of being a painting from all angles."

3. "There are no pines and cypresses trimmed like pagodas ... this is not worth taking."

4. "There are ancient vines in several gardens, and the crooked branches are a good painting."

5. "... Suzhou gardens pay attention to the beauty of pictures in every corner ... add some bamboo or plantains."

The "painting" and "drawing" mentioned in the above statement should refer to Chinese painting. The discussion in the first and third sentences is based on the aesthetics of Chinese painting, while some small scenes picked by the author in the second, fourth and fifth sentences are familiar to us, because they were originally common in China paintings.

exercise instructions

1. what are the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens? From which aspects does the text specifically illustrate this feature?

The purpose of setting the topic is to guide students to grasp the structure of the article as a whole, understand the main content of the article, and realize that we should grasp the characteristics when explaining things.

The text summarizes the characteristics of Suzhou gardens from the perspective of tourists, that is, make sure that no matter where visitors stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them. The article first illustrates this feature from four main aspects: the layout of pavilions and pavilions, the coordination of rockeries and ponds, the setting off of flowers and trees, and the level of close-range prospects, and then from three subtle aspects: the beauty of composition in every corner, the beauty of patterns in doors and windows, and the beauty of architectural colors.

second, try to figure out the words added in the following sentences and answer the questions.

1. If you want me to talk about the general impression, I think Suzhou gardens are specimens of gardens all over China.

(What does "specimen" mean here? )

2. The stacking of rockeries can be said to be an art rather than just a technology.

(What's the difference between "art" and "technology"? )

3. However, there are all kinds of hollowed-out patterns made of bricks on the walls, and most of the corridors are borderless on both sides. In fact, they are separated but not separated, and the boundaries are not, thus increasing the depth of the scenery.

(What do you mean by "separated but not separated, bounded but not bounded"? Can you describe this situation in your own words? )

the purpose of setting the topic is to let students understand the words in the text that are rich in connotation but not explained in detail by the author.

1. "Specimen" here means model and sample.

2. "Art" is an activity that emphasizes individual originality, and its achievements can give people aesthetic pleasure and cannot be copied; "Technology" means that there are fixed procedures and techniques, and the results are practical things, which can generally be copied in large quantities.

3. "Separated but not separated, bounded but not bounded" means that, although at first glance, the landscape is separated by the flowered wall and the porch, but the landscape is not really separated because the walls are hollowed out and there is nothing on both sides of the porch, but only buffers the line of sight, so that the scenery is not presented to the tourists in an unobstructed view, but unfolded one after another, which makes the tourists feel that the landscape in the garden is complicated and hierarchical psychologically.

Third, some explanatory methods are commonly used in explanatory texts, such as the following definitions, examples, comparisons, analogies, classifications, charts, numbers, quotations, etc. Look at the explanatory methods used in this article and "China Stone Arch Bridge" and talk about their functions with examples.

The purpose of setting the topic is to let students have a general understanding of the commonly used explanatory methods in explanatory writing. It is not difficult to understand how to use these explanation methods and their functions. In the process of finding specific examples, students can gain some perceptual knowledge, and teachers don't have to explain them too much.

The explanation methods used in this article and The Stone Arch Bridge in China are as follows:

Examples:

(1) Stone arch bridges are almost everywhere in China ... The most famous ones are Zhao Zhouqiao in Zhao County, Hebei Province, and Lugou Bridge in Fengtai District, Beijing.

(2) There are many innovations in building technology, and there are even more unexpected methods in lifting. For example, Jiangdong Bridge in Zhangzhou, Fujian ...

First introduce a phenomenon or explain a truth, and then use specific examples as examples, which is somewhat comprehensive, which not only increases the credibility of the article, but also makes the article full of flesh and blood.

Comparison:

(1) Most buildings in China, from ancient palaces to modern houses, are symmetrical, no matter what happens on the left, so does the right. Suzhou gardens are by no means symmetrical.

(2) Suzhou gardens are different from those in Beijing, and painting is rarely used.

by comparison, it is easy to highlight the characteristics of the explained object.

For example:

(1) The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow.

(2) bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow.

analogy can make the image of the object to be explained tangible.

Numbers:

(1) Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 5.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, and a slightly narrow middle and a width of 9 meters.

(2) (Lugou Bridge) The bridge is 265 meters long and consists of 11 semicircular stone arches, each with a different length, ranging from 16 meters to 21.6 meters.

With the method of column numbers, readers can get an accurate understanding of the description object through the determined numbers. The accuracy of numbers is an important aspect of the accuracy of explanatory language.

Quote:

(1) Zhang said in the Tang Dynasty that looking at this bridge from a distance is like "the clouds rise in the early moon and Changhong drinks the stream".

(2) At that time, an Italian, Kyle Poirot, came to China. In his travel notes, he highly praised the bridge, saying that it was "unique in the world" ...

Quoting other people's words or relevant materials can enhance the persuasiveness of the article.

fourth, choose one of the following two questions.

1. What methods do you learn from the text to appreciate China gardens?

2. Write an article about a garden you visited, about 2 words.

The purpose of the topic is to enable students to use some knowledge gained from the text to appreciate gardens, improve the level of garden appreciation, and initially practice writing expository articles.

1. Because, as the article says, "Suzhou Gardens are specimens of gardens all over China", the knowledge gained from this article about appreciating gardens can be transferred and used. Generally speaking, the method that students can understand is to pay attention to whether the layout of all aspects in the garden is appropriate and whether the placement of specific scenery is natural and reasonable.

2. You can also introduce villages, streets or communities, etc. You should pay attention to the characteristics and use some explanation methods appropriately.

teaching suggestions

1. In teaching, students can be provided with some pictures or audio-visual materials of Suzhou gardens, and pictures of gardens in other places can also be prepared for comparison, such as "ancient palaces" in China, "pines and cypresses trimmed like pagodas", "roadside trees in military parade" and painted gardens in Beijing to help students increase their perceptual knowledge.

second, to enable students to deepen their understanding of the article and gain more comprehensive knowledge about the art of landscape architecture, please refer to Chen Congzhou's article "Garden Days Involving Fun" in the third volume of Self-study Textbook. Chen Congzhou is a famous expert in landscape architecture. The principle of landscape, corridor, cloud wall and trees in landscape architecture is thoroughly explained in Garden Day, which can help to understand this article.

third, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Suzhou gardens, and then explains them from various aspects. The combination of general statement and sub-statement not only highlights the characteristics of the things explained, but also makes the structure of the article clear, which is enough for reference. You can combine the fourth question after class and have an oral composition or small composition training.

Relevant information

1. Suppose I teach Suzhou Gardens (Ye Zhishan)

One of my father's articles, Suzhou Gardens, is selected from the fourth volume of junior middle school Chinese textbook.

If I am a Chinese teacher, before teaching my classmates to learn this article, I will explain to them that it is a "preface"-a "preface" written for a photo album. This photo album is called Suzhou Gardens.

In early p>1979, a publishing house in Hong Kong planned to publish a photo album introducing Suzhou gardens and asked my father to write a preface. To write a preface to a book, you must first look at the contents of the book, and of course you should write a preface to a photo album. However, that publishing house hasn't compiled the photo collection yet, saying that the photos collected are not satisfactory and are ready to be retaken. How can I write a preface before I see the content? Fortunately, my father grew up in Suzhou, and he is familiar with several famous gardens. In addition, there is a Suzhou Garden compiled by Professor Chen Congzhou on his bookshelf, which was published by Tongji University more than 2 years ago. Although it is an academic work, it is accompanied by 195 beautiful photos for reference. With these two conditions, writing a preface will not be nonsense. When my father wrote this preface, he started with Professor Chen's Suzhou Garden and said that the photos in this book reminded him of his childhood. Moreover, in the last paragraph, it is explained that this article is a preface to the forthcoming Suzhou Garden.

After the preface was written, it was handed over to the publishing house in Hong Kong. For some reason, the new Suzhou Garden was delayed. The editorial department of Encyclopedia Knowledge magazine knew that my father had such an article and asked them to publish it first, so it was published in the fourth issue of Encyclopedia Knowledge in 1979, with the title of "I am deeply concerned about the poor schools" in the poem "Song of the Immortals" given by my father to Professor Chen Congzhou. The last few sentences were deleted when it was published, which was approved by my father. But with such a deletion, readers will not understand that this is a preface written for a photo album. Later, People's Education Publishing House compiled it into Chinese textbooks and deleted the first paragraph of this article, which was also approved by my father. In the first paragraph, the sentence "I am deeply concerned about my poor government" was deleted, so the title had to be changed to Suzhou Gardens. The editor made a note, explaining the source and original title of this article, but unfortunately did not say that it was the preface of a photo album. If it is explained, it will be much more practical for Chinese teachers to understand the purpose of my father's writing this article.

I know this passage, so if I am a Chinese teacher, before teaching this text, I must tell my classmates that it is a preface written for a photo album. Next, I want to explain to the students why a book should be orderly. Prefaces are written by the author of this book and others. Written by the author himself, most of them show why and how he wrote this book. Written by others, most of them introduce the content of this book, or add some comments, and some also introduce the author to readers. When I say "mostly", I mean not all of them. But whatever the preface is, it is helpful to understand this book. Since my father's "Suzhou Garden" is a preface to a photo album, is it helpful for readers to appreciate this photo album? When arranging the preview, I put forward this question for the students to consider and discuss. I should take out my photo album and offer it to my classmates for comparison. The one in Hongkong has not been published yet, so I can take the one hidden by my father, Professor Chen Congzhou, instead. There is another way, that is, look for photos of Suzhou gardens from various pictorial newspapers, and find those that best match the article. Of course, the more the better. Nowadays, there are so many pictures of Suzhou gardens in various pictorial newspapers that it is not difficult to collect them.