Dinosaurs died instantly because of asteroid impact. How long is this moment?

1. meteorite collision theory: 1980, American scientists found high concentration of iridium in the stratum 65 million years ago, which was dozens or even hundreds of times higher than the normal content. Such a high concentration of iridium can be found in meteorites, so scientists associate it with the extinction of dinosaurs. According to the content of iridium, it is also calculated that the impact object is an asteroid with a diameter of 10 km. It's too big. It's definitely an unparalleled blow. According to the earthquake intensity, it is about Richter scale 10, and the diameter of the crater produced by the impact will exceed 100 km. It took scientists 65,438+00 years and finally got the preliminary results. They found this crater in the stratum of Yucatan Peninsula in Central America. According to the calculation, the diameter of this crater is 65438+. Scientists are still doing further research on this big pit. _ _ _ Scientists began to describe the heroic scene 65 million years ago for us. One day, dinosaurs were still eating and drinking in paradise on earth, and suddenly a dazzling white light appeared in the sky. A boulder with a diameter of 10 km fell from the sky. It is an asteroid with a speed of 40 kilometers per second. The seabed was knocked out of a huge pit, and the seawater was rapidly gasified, and the steam was sprayed into the sky for tens of thousands of meters. Then the tsunami was as high as 5 kilometers and spread at an extremely fast speed. The turbulent sea swept everything that landed on land, and the turbulent waves swept the earth's surface, and then met at the back end of the impact point, where the huge sea power triggered a strong volcanic eruption on the Deccan Plateau. At the same time, it changed the movement direction of the earth's plates. What a terrible disaster this is. Meteorites hit the earth and produced overwhelming dust, polar snow melted, plants were destroyed and volcanic ash filled the sky. For a time, it was dark and the temperature plummeted. Heavy rain, flash floods and mudslides swept away the dinosaurs and buried them. In the next few months or even years, the sky is still full of dust and clouds, and the earth is buried all the year round.

2. Comet collision theory: Comet collision theory is based on paleontologist David? Rapp and John? Sepkovsky's argument that "the extinction of paleontology occurs every 26 million years" is the beginning. Louis? Albalez gave this argument and his own theory to the astrophysicist-Charlie? Milla, later believed by Milla, periodically pushed comets to the earth because of the gravitational force of Nemesis, the half star of the sun.

3. Orogenic movement: The orogeny at the end of Cretaceous dried up the swamp, and many dinosaurs whose home was the swamp could no longer survive. Because of the changes in the post-Qi Dynasty, plants also changed, and herbivorous dinosaurs could not adapt to new foods and died out one after another. The herbivorous dinosaurs became extinct, and the carnivorous dinosaurs also lost their dependence. As a result, they also became extinct. This extinction process lasted 65,438+0,000-20 million years. By the end of Cretaceous, it was extinct on the earth.

4. Climate change theory: Due to plate movement, ocean currents have changed, which has caused great changes in the climate. The cold climate killed plants and dinosaurs died for lack of food.

5. Volcanic fire: Due to volcanic eruption, a large amount of carbon dioxide is ejected, which impacts the global greenhouse effect and causes food death. Moreover, the volcano spewed fire, resulting in the release of a large amount of salt, the destruction of the ozone layer, harmful ultraviolet radiation on the surface, resulting in extinction.

6. Ocean ebb theory: According to Barker, when the ocean ebbs, when the land borders, creatures contact each other, which leads to the extinction of some species. Kangaroos, for example, can live in the island continent of Europe, but they will die if they meet other animals in South America. In addition to this relationship between eating and being eaten, there are also infectious problems such as diseases and parasites.

7. Warm-blooded animals say: Some people think that dinosaurs are warm-blooded animals, so they may not be able to resist the cold weather in the late Cretaceous and thus cannot survive. Because even if dinosaurs were warm-blooded, their body temperature was still not high, probably similar to that of living sloths, and to maintain such a body temperature, they could only live in a tropical climate. At the same time, the dinosaur's respiratory organs were not perfect and could not fully supplement oxygen. They don't have thick hair to avoid hypothermia, but they easily lose a lot of heat from their long tails and feet. The difference between warm-blooded animals and cold-blooded animals is that if the body temperature drops below a certain range, it will consume physical energy to raise the body temperature and the body will soon become weak. They are too big to go into caves to avoid the cold, so if the cold days last for a few days, they may freeze to death because of exhaustion.

Eight. Man-eating theory: because of climate problems, flowers and plants are extinct in large numbers, so that herbivores gradually die, while carnivores become extinct because of lack of food.

9. Oppression theory: The rapid increase in the number of dinosaurs led to the extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs with limited plants, and then carnivorous dinosaurs that ate herbivorous dinosaurs died because of lack of food. (Doubt: Why did dinosaurs suddenly increase after about 200 million years of ecological balance? The key to the establishment of this theory has also directly caused many scholars to review the reasons for the abnormal increase in dinosaur production. )

10. The mammalian prisoner said that in the second half of Mesozoic, the ancestors of mammals already existed. According to fossil records, mammals at that time were very small and the number was very limited. It was not until the late Cretaceous that the number began to increase rapidly. It is speculated that they are omnivores whose main food is insects. These small mammals have been eating dinosaur eggs since they found them.

1 1. Species aging theory: It is believed that dinosaurs were too big because they had been breeding for hundreds of millions of years. Moreover, bones such as horns are also extremely developed, which causes great inconvenience to life and eventually leads to extinction. The most representative dinosaur brontosaurus is 25 meters long and weighs 30 tons. Because of his huge size, he lost his ability to survive. In addition, Triceratops and others also went to the road of self-destruction because of their expanding three horns and unusually developed bones to protect their heads. My opinion: not all dinosaurs are so huge, but there are also small dinosaurs with a body length of only about one meter. In addition, there are dinosaurs with bones like deer that can run briskly. But why did this dinosaur die out at the same time? Moreover, in cold-blooded animals, abnormally developed bones and other parts are considered to be able to absorb external temperature and release internal heat to regulate body temperature, which has very favorable functions. Therefore, I suspect that the extinction of dinosaurs was due to the aging of species. )

12. Alkaloid theory: This theory holds that flowering plants began to appear in the last period of dinosaur existence, that is, the Cretaceous period, and some of them contained toxic alkaloids. Dinosaurs died of poisoning from eating too much. Because mammals can distinguish poisonous plants through taste and smell, but dinosaurs don't have this ability. However, plants containing alkaloids did not suddenly appear in the late Cretaceous, but were already visible five million years before the extinction of dinosaurs. This theory can't explain why dinosaurs survived during this period.

13. Angiosperm poisoning: At the end of the dinosaur era, gymnosperms on the earth gradually became extinct, replaced by a large number of angiosperms, which contained toxins that gymnosperms did not have. Giant dinosaurs ate a lot, and a large number of angiosperms led to excessive accumulation of toxins in the body and finally poisoning.

14. continental drift theory: geological research proves that there was only one continent on the earth when dinosaurs lived, and that was Pangaea. Due to the change of the crust, the Jurassic continent split and drifted, which eventually led to the change of environment and climate and the extinction of dinosaurs.

15. Geomagnetic change theory: Modern biology has proved that the death of some creatures is related to the magnetic field. When the earth's magnetic field changes, creatures sensitive to the magnetic field may lead to extinction. It can be inferred that the extinction of dinosaurs may be related to the change of the earth's magnetic field. In addition to the above fifteen statements, there are other less well-known statements, such as "infectious diseases", "radiation from the universe or supernova explosion", "not taking Noah's Ark" and "solar system vibration". As for which statement is the best, it depends on everyone's thoughts, and there is no right or wrong.

Explore the mystery of dinosaur extinction. In terms of force, it is the five-dimensional space of matter. This is a scientific discovery of the function of moving matter. After exploration and research, the mystery of dinosaur extinction has been revealed. The reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs on earth are as follows:

1. The earth's crust was hit by an alien asteroid, which led to the rupture of the earth's crust from the eruption of huge hot magma in the core. It exerts great force on the fragile crust, causing strong changes in the crust, which are manifested in huge earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In my opinion, due to the age when dinosaurs grew, the crust including the earth's surface was very thin and fragile, and strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions often occurred.

2. According to the scientific discovery that force is the five-dimensional space of matter and the function of moving matter, through exploration and research, it is found that in the geological age when dinosaurs lived, the earth was like a soft-shelled egg that had just hatched. Therefore, the crust at that time was very fragile. When an alien planet hits it, it will break. Due to the above reasons, the fiery magma in the core erupted, leading to large-scale volcanic eruptions and earthquakes on the earth's surface. Therefore, dinosaurs were born.

3. Because of the above reasons, dinosaurs, the giant animals on the earth, were swallowed and buried, and eventually became extinct. Some of them were buried by the fiery magma of the volcano and became fossils of dinosaurs, animals and plants. The other part is covered by surface cracks and folds caused by crustal earthquake, which melts into oil and crystallizes into coal. Since then, the mystery of dinosaur extinction has been uncovered by myself. After the extinction of dinosaurs on the earth, new animals and plants on the earth began to grow and reproduce again. The earth has started a new orogeny. Great changes have taken place on the earth. The following article confirms my scientific discovery: there are many kinds of reptiles-dinosaurs in Mesozoic in the history of the earth. Such a huge animal group that ruled the earth for10.6 billion years was suddenly destroyed at the end of Cretaceous. So far, all kinds of explanations about the extinction of dinosaurs can't be justified, among which the hypothesis that an asteroid hit the earth put forward by American physicist Louis Alvarez has attracted much attention recently. When he studied the clay layer in the Late Cretaceous strata in gubbio, Italy, he found that the content of trace element iridium suddenly increased by 30~ 160 times compared with other strata. Later, people came to the same conclusion from sampling tests in many parts of the world, and the abnormal increase of iridium content in late Cretaceous strata was indeed universal. So Alvarez thinks that at the end of Cretaceous, an asteroid with a diameter of about 10 km hit the earth, making the sky full of dust, which led to great changes in the surface climate and environment, leading to the extinction of dinosaurs. However, there are many doubts about using asteroid impact to explain the increase of iridium content in rock formations and the extinction of dinosaurs.

1. Asteroids are generally composed of silicon and iron, so it is impossible for such a huge asteroid to fall to the surface of the earth even after a long time, and such a large meteorite has never been found on the earth;

2. At the end of Cretaceous, most rock formations were igneous rocks formed by lava cooling, and sedimentary rocks formed by dust accumulation only occupied a small part of the surface. Can the dust raised by asteroid impact bury most of the animals and plants on the earth in rocks thousands of meters deep?

3. Can iridium contained in asteroids be evenly distributed or even cover the whole earth's surface? Moreover, iridium exists on extraterrestrial asteroids (not much in content) and also in the depths of the earth. Why only speculate that it comes from outside the earth and not from inside it? In fact, the abnormal increase of iridium content in the strata at the end of Cretaceous is closely related to the extinction of dinosaurs, but a careful study can lead to another conclusion. As we know, thermonuclear reactions inside the earth will continuously accumulate enormous energy. Once the crust can't bear it, the internal pressure will break through the crust and suddenly release to form a big explosion. Iridium, an element mainly found in the earth's core, was brought to the surface of the earth's crust by lava eruption during the Big Bang, and it is recognized that the clay layer at the end of Cretaceous was made up of a large amount of volcanic dust (scientists detected a small amount of iridium in the gas emitted by Cravia volcano in Hawaii). Therefore, the general increase of iridium content in the strata at the end of Cretaceous just proves that the crust erupted violently at that time. Fossil archives tell us that most dinosaurs died and most dinosaur eggs were produced at the end of Cretaceous, and all the dinosaurs and dinosaur eggs found were preserved in the stratum under the thin clay layer rich in iridium, and disappeared in the stratum after the end of Cretaceous, which coincides with the time when a series of global crustal structural changes such as large-scale orogeny at the end of Cretaceous were recognized by geologists. The surface of the earth's crust, once rich in plants and animals, expanded and split after the Big Bang, forming the present continent and continental shelf. At that time, most plants and animals on the earth were buried by erupting lava and volcanic ash. The remains of dinosaurs and other animals have gone through a long period of time in the extremely thick rock strata with high temperature and high pressure and air isolation, and have become the present oil. Therefore, according to the exploration, oil deposits are distributed in all continents (including Antarctica) and continental shelf strata (except the ocean basin formed after the Big Bang), and the difference is only relatively concentrated or scattered. In recent years, hundreds of protoceratops and Ankylosaurus fossils unearthed in Bayin Mandu Lake stratum in Inner Mongolia have accumulated a large number of complete dinosaur bones in groups. Judging from the burial posture of the remains, they died in extreme pain, including the bones of a whole nest of dinosaur cubs. This scene shows that they are catastrophic collective deaths, and the bodies are quickly buried in situ after death (many dinosaur fossils in other parts of the world also have similar death characteristics). At the same time, it is found that the local fossil-bearing rocks are brick-red silty rocks, and this sedimentary rock formed by a large amount of volcanic ash is the best environment for fossil formation. It can be speculated that the process of environmental upheaval is quite sudden and short (the time when the new star suddenly brightens is often only a few days to a few months). Because, if the earth's environment changes gradually over a long period of time, the dinosaur population will gradually become extinct, and their burden will certainly be greatly affected, so many dinosaur eggs and the whole nest of dinosaur baby fossils will not be left behind. Therefore, most dinosaurs should have died in large numbers because of sudden devastating disasters when their living environment was basically normal. A large number of petroleum, coal deposits and animal and plant fossils reflecting the characteristics of the earth's environment at that time show that before the end of Cretaceous, the density and thickness of the earth's atmosphere were much higher than now, the surface was relatively flat, and the world was in a very warm and humid climate. At that time, the temperature difference between the polar regions and the equator was very small. In the 1980s, Canadian geologists discovered a fossil forest in ellesmere island, which was dominated by water jackets, and there were animal fossils such as crocodiles in the forest, indicating that the polar regions used to have a tropical climate. The natural environment is the main factor that determines the existence form of life. After the explosion of the earth, when the hot and humid environment on which the giant dinosaurs lived ceased to exist, even some survivors could not adapt to this relatively cold and dry climate change with cold and warm seasons. So the extinction of most dinosaurs is natural. There are also some surviving dinosaurs (mostly small in size) and some animals that have evolved into primitive birds and mammals as early as Jurassic (such as Archaeopterosaurs), which follow the natural laws of natural selection and survival of the fittest. After 70 million years of continuous evolution in a relatively harsh environment, most species have changed their original forms, from cold-blooded animals to cold-blooded warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals). Of course, after each large-scale species evolution, some species will always remain intact. Just as fish continue to survive after they have evolved into amphibians, a few reptiles (crocodiles, lizards, etc. ) still maintains the original form of dinosaurs 70 million years ago. The biological remains in the earth's rock strata reveal that there will be a mass extinction every once in a while in the evolutionary history of life. The extinction of dinosaurs at the end of Cretaceous is not the only disaster, but it has happened many times in earlier years. For example, 540 million years ago, the "CAMBRIAN Big Bang" suddenly appeared in most invertebrates in a short time, indicating that the evolution of organisms from single cells to multi-cells is indeed a sudden process, just like the evolution of reptiles to mammals (1984 fossils found in Chengjiang, Yunnan, China proved this point). So far, there is no obvious evidence that the extinction of dinosaurs was caused by asteroid impact. However, the fact that the geological structure of the earth changes frequently (which is still going on today) shows that the environmental "catastrophe" caused by periodic crustal structure changes (big bang) has always played a leading role in the evolution of life. Of course, the gradual evolution of small-scale species also runs through the whole process of life evolution. Periodic celestial burst is an indispensable link in the evolution of all planets (including the earth) (such as nova burst).