Guyanhua town

Some alumni have recently visited our hometown, and I don't know whether the scenery in Lishui is pleasing or not. I believe everyone has deep affection for their hometown, so they always want to show their best to distant visitors.

to be honest, there are three places worth visiting in our ancient weir painting town. Arch dam, stone culvert (water overpass) and weir gauge stone tablet (farmland water conservancy management regulations).

As we all know, the famous water conservancy projects in ancient China are: Sichuan-Dujiangyan (dam-free water diversion project), Ningbo-Tashan weir, Shaanxi-Zheng Guoqu, and Guangxi-Lingqu. And we Lishui-Tongji Weir (arch dam overflow project) also occupy a place. Among the national key cultural relics protection units, there are about 9 water conservancy projects, of which shipping is the main one. At present, it is rare to see those who have been in disrepair for many years and still play an irrigation role. On March 22nd, 215, at the working meeting of China National Irrigation and Drainage Committee, Lishui Tongji Weir Water Conservancy Irrigation Project was awarded the first batch of World Irrigation Project Heritage List. In the 198s, shortly after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, more Japanese people visited the ancient weir. Therefore, in my childhood impression, it is very strange that the ordinary weir dam can attract the Japanese. Being far away from home and getting older, I realized that the dam must have its greatness, just as the Japanese respected Bai Juyi.

let's talk about the location of the dam first.

Looking down from the air, we can clearly see the topography and topography of the dam:

Our Bihu Lake is a basin surrounded by mountains. In Bihu Plain, Yantou Village has the highest terrain, with an altitude of 73 meters. Songyinxi River flows 5 meters upstream of the main stream of Oujiang River, which can avoid the impact of the water flow when the two streams meet and the resulting rotating water flow. So the ancients chose this site. There is also a folklore "white snake shows traces". My parents have told us these stories since childhood.

Besides, the main body of the dam is arched, and it discharges water in two places.

from the mechanical point of view: lengthen the dam and reduce the impact force per unit area. If it is a straight dam, it can't stand the impact of water flow in flood season.

besides, in practice, there are two water discharge places, one has built a lock and the other is a sand gate. The latter has the function of removing sand, removing sand and silt, and keeping the upstream water quality clear. The former can go straight to Baoding village (this is the village where I was born). The water flowing through the lock is mainly irrigated by farmland in Bihu Plain. The water flow through the sand gate is mainly for ships, which can go to Dagang tou. Since it is called a gate, it can be adjusted day and night according to the dry water. In addition, there is a "general barrier" 1 meters upstream of the dam, which can slow down the impact of water flow and protect the dam to some extent.

Next, look at the dam construction time:

Lishui-Tongji Weir Arch Dam?

Spain in 55 AD-Elqi Arch Dam in 16th century

Italy-Bondaldo Arch Dam in 1612?

by contrast, the dam is more than 1 years old. Therefore, the wisdom of the ancients in China still makes people proud and confident.

After talking about the dam, let's look at the second scene:

Millennium Stone Letter (Overpass on Water)

It was built by Wang Qi, then the magistrate of Lishui County, in 1111 AD (Zhao Ji, Song Huizong) in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty, on the basis of extensive investigation and adopting folk suggestions.

the two piers under the diversion bridge are separated by three holes, which we locals call "three-hole bridge".

The lower layer of the bridge is the canal water in Tongji Weir, the middle layer is the pit water flowing from the mountain, and the upper layer is for pedestrians.

This is the earliest water overpass built in the world. The Magdeburg Water Bridge in Germany was built in 23, more than 1 years later than ours. Therefore, I personally like to quote Wang Anshi's sentence to describe this humble stone letter.

"It seems to be the most extraordinary, but it is easy but hard to achieve."

Finally, let's talk about this Tongji Weir Regulation Stone Tablet (Regulations on the Management of Farmland Water Conservancy)

In 1167, Fan Chengda, 41, was appointed as the governor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and worked for more than 2 years, and formulated 2 Tongji Weir Regulations.

this is also the earliest weir gauge. Since then, there has been this special occupation in the village-weir protection, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and dike protection is not a new occupation in modern times. Thanks to the wisdom of the ancients, our generation has benefited so far. If you are interested in calligraphy, laws and regulations, and water conservancy, you can stay longer and study one or two.

I forgot to mention: Wenchang Pavilion and Ancient Zhangqun

Yantou Village, where Wenchang Pavilion is located, is the settlement of the Ye clan, after Ye Fashan, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty. Ye's family has worked hard for several generations, kept a house by etiquette, and kept a low profile. During the reign of Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the Yip clan continued to have five scholars, and they were allowed to build Wenchang Pavilion to worship Wenchang Emperor. The site is located at the end of the village, and the "local households" are locked to intercept the meaning of geomantic omen. In addition, it is located on the only road that the official road must pass, and it is also for passers-by to take shelter from the rain. (Speaking of Ye Fashan, in the Dream of Red Mansions, Baoyu wrote for Qingwen, "The Daughter of Furong" contains Ye Fashan's sentence. )

Cinnamomum camphora is mostly in hundreds of years, which was actually planted in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. We are also known as Millennium Cinnamomum camphora because of its long history.

A few years ago, I wrote a couplet, which was revised by teacher Wu Yaqing:

"The ancient camphor protects the embankment for thousands of years, and the dam flows at four o'clock."

There is also a custom in our local area. If the five elements are short of wood, most people will recognize the ancient camphor as a foster mother, so as to ensure the safety and success of children's lives.

back to the ancient weir painting town.

the ancient weir painted the countryside, and the ancient weir painted the countryside. There are both ancient weir and painted countryside. The hometown of painting is at the head of the big port. Oujiang River is the second largest river in Zhejiang Province, and among the 8-mile Oujiang River, there is only one with the word Hong Kong. This also illustrates the status of Dagang tou as a "golden waterway" from the side.

Zhu Xiaotang, a poet in Qing Dynasty < Dagang Tou Chunwang > There is a poem dedicated to this place, which also shows that it was a pearl at that time.

"The river is a green ribbon, and the water is like jade hairpin", "The river is naturally flat here, and all kinds of scenery converge here" and "Lijiang River in East China" are all praised by this river-Oujiang. Dagangtou is the beginning of the middle reaches of Oujiang River. Longquan sword, Qingyuan mushrooms, Songyang tea and porcelain are abundant in the upper reaches, which are transferred here and then transported to the lower reaches and sold all over the world. A former colleague, a Chinese language and literature student, is a northerner, and her undergraduate thesis is about Oujiang. Write about the influence of Oujiang shipping and porcelain. Girls in their twenties make me in my forties feel ashamed, and my face is red up to now.

A few years ago, when I came to Dagang Tou with my old classmates, I improvised:

Jiang Kuo sailed away, and Shuangxi crossed the river.

the clouds are light and the mountains are far away, and visitors are drunk in the golden autumn.

after all, I am from Lishui.

The ancient weir painting country is the place where I was born.

No matter how far I go, it will always be the place where I wake up from my dreams.

The grass and trees here, the mountains and waters here,

For me, they are all called hometown.

May you also miss your hometown!