About boxer indemnity.

China Qing government paid reparations for Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, and the Boxer Rebellion broke out, which made a desperate resistance to imperialism. Angry imperialist powers and the corrupt Qing government jointly stifled the Boxer Rebellion and demanded compensation in Gengzi Year 1900, which was called boxer indemnity in history. Specific items can be found in the treaty on love and ugliness signed by 190 1 (Year of Love and Ugliness). Germany, France, Russia, Britain, the United States, Japan and other powers unreasonably demanded that the Qing government pay 450 million taels of silver, and 980 million taels of principal and interest would be paid off in 39 years.

From 1909, the United States returned part of the overflow principal and interest as the American study abroad fund, and in June 1924, it returned the remaining principal and interest as the China Education and Culture Fund, with more than $2.5 million. From 19 17 12, most Geng funds were postponed for five years, Germany and Austria were cancelled due to defeat, and Russia postponed the allocation of domestic public debt funds. 1924 At the end of May, the Soviet government announced that it would cede a part of the Russian Geng funds, and after paying off the guaranteed debts, all of them would be used as funds to promote education in China. 1925, France, Japan, Britain, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries successively announced the return of the balance of compensation, and concluded agreements to handle the educational and cultural undertakings in China, or to handle the operating expenses of foreign banks and issue domestic debt funds. The actual use of this kind of returned Geng money is mostly presided over by the management Committee of Sino-foreign joint ventures. 19 1 1 At the beginning of the year, Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States was formally established, which was specially used to train international students studying in the United States. After the Qing Dynasty, boxer indemnity continued to be used to select international students. 1924, the U.S congress passed a resolution to use the remaining boxer indemnity for China, and set up the "China Cultural and Educational Promotion Foundation" (or "China Foundation"), with the management amount of12,545,000 dollars. Beiyang government appointed a board of directors composed of 10 China people and 5 Americans. A considerable part of this money is provided to Tsinghua University in the form of scholarships. Mei Yiqi, an outstanding educator, was in charge of "Tsinghua Fund" from 65438 to 0949, and he went to Taiwan Province Province to use the money to establish the Hsinchu Tsinghua University.

As a part of enslavement thought, returning money to promote learning instills western ideas into China people. For example, Hu Shi, a college student trained in this kind of indemnity, launched the new culture movement, which shows its effect.

At the same time, the United States always likes to "leave a good name for doing bad things". In order to leave a good name for itself, the United States refunds the money on the grounds of excessive compensation.

As for other countries, each has its own reasons. Russia was founded by the Soviet government, and Germany and Austria were partially cancelled by defeat. 1925, France, Japan, Britain, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries successively announced the return of the balance of compensation. At this time, the domestic Beiyang government was in power, and the international situation at this time was dominated by the United States, which also controlled the domestic Beiyang government. The powers are also afraid of the strength of the United States and make concessions on the issue of colonization of China.