Which is faster, abacus or mental arithmetic?

Comparison between abacus calculation and abacus mental calculation

Abacus calculation: it is to use your fingers to calculate the abacus according to certain arithmetic;

Abacus mental arithmetic: that is, according to the arithmetic and mode of abacus, using thinking imagination to calculate abacus in your mind;

Their relationship is as follows: abacus is the practical mode of abacus mental arithmetic, and abacus mental arithmetic is the prototype internalization of Ma Hao's calligraphy abacus; The difference is: abacus is to index beads by hand; Abacus mental arithmetic is to use mental imagination to stir the image of abacus mental arithmetic in the brain (called representation in psychology). From the psychological theory analysis of skills, abacus belongs to sports skills, and abacus mental arithmetic belongs to intellectual skills. (The speed needs to be verified. Personal views are for reference only)