There are four common mistakes among scholars: pauses in classical Chinese.

1. Scholars Make Four Mistakes Classical Chinese Answers

"Scholars Make Four Mistakes" 7 points

Scholars make four mistakes ②, and teachers must know them. When people learn, they may lose more, they may lose less, they may lose it easily, or they may stop learning. These four are completely different in mind④. Know his heart, and then he can save his loss. Those who teach are those who develop good deeds and save those who have lost.

Notes: ① Selected from "Book of Rites·Xue Ji". ②Mistake: fault, shortcoming. ③Loss results in too much: meaning, loss results from learning too much ((without practicing)). ④The hearts are not the same: everyone has different psychology.

25. Explain the words in bold in the sentence. 2 points

(1), if you lose something, you will gain more (2), to do good and save others

26. In the following sentences, " "It" is different from the other three usages in ( ) 2 points

A. Teachers must know it B. Even if they learn from it

C. These four things are not worth mentioning Tongye D. Learn and practice as time goes by

27. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. 2 points

If you know his heart, you can save him from loss.

28. If you were a teacher, what methods would you use to educate scholars regarding their shortcomings? 1 point

Reference answer: zx98

Translation: People who learn often have shortcomings in four aspects, and educators must know (it). When people study, some disadvantages are that they learn too much (without practicing), some disadvantages are that they learn too little, some disadvantages are that they take learning too easily, and some disadvantages are that they stop moving forward when encountering difficulties. These four types of people have different hearts. (Educators) know their different psychology, and then they can remedy their shortcomings. Being a teacher is to promote (their) strengths and make up for their shortcomings.

25. (1), some people (2), carry forward

26. C 27. (Educators) understand their different psychology, and then they can remedy their shortcomings.

28. Just focus on “teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”.

, got Li Qiao's memorial from the palace, and someone asked him to be killed. Zhang said: "Li Qiao really can't distinguish between good and evil, but he was planning for his master at the time, just like a dog against a master who is not its own." Just like barking, he should not be held responsible." The emperor listened to his opinion, pardoned Li Qiao, demoted him to Chuzhou Biejia, and allowed him to accompany his son Qianzhou Governor Li Chang to his post. Later he was renamed Luzhou Biejia. He was seventy years old when he died. Li Qiao was quick in thinking and his articles were often recited (sarcastic: recited). Before he became an official, he dated Wang Bo and Yang Yingchuan. When he was an official, he was as famous as Cui Rong and Su Weiwei. In his later years, all the literati at that time were gone, and he became a long-standing figure in the literary world. Scholars at that time all learned from him and adopted his methods. 3. Read the following classical Chinese article and complete the questions at the end of the article

13.D 14.A 15.B 16. (1) At that time, the world was in turmoil, so he retired to farm in Yangcheng. This is the ambition to settle down until old age.

(2) Emperor Wen of Zhou was about to appoint him to an official position, but Liu Qiu declined because his mother was old and asked to go home to serve his mother in medicine. Emperor Wen of Zhou agreed. Analysis 13. Analysis of test questions: This question tests students' ability to segment sentences.

First understand the meaning of the underlined sentence based on the context, "At that time, the old capital was deserted/there were few people left/only Qiu was in Yangcheng/Pei Su was in Yingchuan/Xin and others were all conquered/with Qiu To answer this sentence, we should first understand the main idea based on the text. "At that time, the land of the old capital was deserted, and there were very few famous talents. Only Liu Qiu was there. In Yangcheng, Pei Fei was in Yingchuan, so Dugu Xin and others recruited them all, and appointed Liu Qiu as the doctor of Xingtai, and Pei Chen as the governor's official, and together they would keep the letters and documents." You can catch the proper noun "Qiu". "Yangcheng", "Pei Su", "Yingchuan", "Xin", "Xingtai Langzhong" and "Beifu"; among which "waste" is a phrase and cannot be disconnected, excluding two items AB; "Qiu is a Xingtai Langzhong" "Su is a subordinate of Beifu", which is the appointment of the two people; the following "and is in charge of Wenhan" means that the two wrote letters and other written materials from the same officer, excluding C.

The punctuation of the original text is "At that time, the old capital was deserted and few people remained. Only Qiu was in Yangcheng and Pei Su was in Yingchuan. Xin and others were all recruited, and Qiu was appointed as the doctor of Xingtai, and Su was appointed as Beifu. Belongs to, and controls Wenhan. ”

The test points focus on understanding sentence patterns and usages that are different from modern Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.

When segmenting classical Chinese sentences, famous teachers should pay attention to the pronouncing words, modal particles and predicates at the end of the sentence. Under normal circumstances, there is a pause before the utterance word and after the modal particle at the end of the sentence, and there is also a pause between the parallel components.

Analyze the predicate. If the predicate is an adjective, there can be a pause after the predicate. If it is a verb, there can be a pause after the object.

At the same time, we should also pay attention to structural symmetry, omission, duality, repetition and other rhetorical figures. Pay special attention to the key words "yue", "hu", "yu", "er", "zhi", "ye", "矣", "yan", "er" and "ze".

14. Test question analysis: To answer this type of question, you must memorize the main contents of literary classics, distinguish the concepts of literary common sense, and carefully observe the modification and restriction components in the question stem. Item A, "University" should be "Book of Rites".

"The Great Learning" is one of the four books. Test points are positioned to memorize literary knowledge.

The ability level is Shiji gt;A. Tips on skills: When preparing for the exam, you should accumulate literary knowledge such as famous works, famous authors, eras, countries, literary images, themes of works, etc.

To answer this question, you need to read each item one by one and judge whether the relevant content is correct based on your accumulated relevant knowledge; you should pay attention to whether the relevant works in each statement are consistent with the author and age. 15. Test question analysis: This question tests students’ understanding of the text content.

Item B, "He was put into important use by Dugu Xin and was named a male from Meiyang County" is wrong. He was not named a male from Meiyang County by Dugu Xin. The test points are positioned to summarize the key points of the content and summarize the central meaning.

The ability level is analysis and synthesis C. The famous teacher highlights this topic to summarize the content of the article.

The way to answer this type of question is: ① Grasp the stem of the question and read it in full.

When reading a question, you must read it in full and accurately, and avoid skimming.

The so-called reading in full means that all the requirements in the question stem must be analyzed in detail; the so-called accurate reading means that you must accurately grasp the requirements in the question stem and see clearly that you have chosen the right one. I still made the wrong choice, whether to summarize the content or analyze the point of view. Only by making a comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately.

②Replace the original text and check whether it is correct or not. Especially in terms of time, place, official position, character's behavior, and actual results, the words and sentences of the original text should be carefully checked, fully understood, and comprehensively analyzed. The difference between the two is the key to grasping the full text.

When dealing with paradoxes, one must be aware of borrowing topics to explain the text. For example, in this question, option B comes from the second paragraph of the article. The statement in the article is "Because the envoy met Zhou Wen, he was retained as the Prime Minister's Office.

After tracing the merits of the court, he was granted the title of Meiyang County man." It means "because he was an envoy to the court to see Emperor Wen of Zhou Dynasty, he was left to serve as the Prime Minister's office and join the army. After additional comments on his contribution to the court, he was named a male of Meiyang County."

16. Test question analysis: This question tests students’ ability to translate classical Chinese sentences. In the first sentence, "gen" means the right time; "end" means settling down until old age; ambition means ambition; "Yan" is also a word, here.

In the second sentence, official, noun as verb, appointed to an official position; Ci, using... as an excuse to decline; Yan, pronoun, he. The test points locate the sentences in the translated text.

The ability level is Understanding B. Tips for solving this question: First, find out the proper nouns, that is, names of people, places, official positions, etc.; then check to see if there are any special sentence patterns.

Finally, determine the keywords for translation, usually literal translation. The most basic methods of translating classical Chinese are substitution, word combination, retention, and omission.

Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times should be "replaced"; words with roughly the same meaning in ancient and modern times should be "combined"; special place names, names of people, etc. should be "retained"; synonyms in ancient Chinese should be "retained" One of the repeated words can be "omitted", and some function words that are unnecessary or difficult to translate properly can also be "omitted". Reference translation: Liu Qiu, courtesy name Zhongpan, was a native of Jie County, Hedong County.

When Liu Qiu was thirteen years old, he concentrated on his hobby of learning. At that time, the people who were the disciples of your noble family were all wearing carriages, horses and clothes that were gorgeous and neat. Only Liu Qiu did not pay attention to appearance and clothing.

He read the Five Classics thoroughly and had a thorough understanding of its main points. He also dabbled in the writings of various scholars and history books, and he always liked writing. During the Xiaochang period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Feng Jun, the governor of Yangzhou, recommended Liu Qiu to be the chief registrar of his governor's office.

When Fan Yi was appointed as the governor of Yangzhou, he appointed Liu Qiu as the commander of Yangzhou and appointed him as General Zhenyuan. This was not Liu Qiu's hobby, so he gave up his official position and returned to the capital Luoyang. At that time, the world was in turmoil, so he retired to Yangcheng to farm, with the ambition to settle down here for the rest of his life.

In the third year of the reign of the Western Wei Dynasty, Feng Yi, Wang Yuan Jihai, and the leader Duguxin guarded Luoyang. At that time, the land of the old capital was already deserted, and there were few famous talents. Only Liu Qiu was in Yangcheng and Pei Fei was in Yingchuan.

Dugu Xin and others then recruited them all and appointed Liu Qiu as the Xingtai doctor and Pei Chen as the governor's subordinate, to guard the letters and documents together. People at that time made up two sentences for them: "Pei Su in the north, Liu Qiu in the south."

The army was busy with affairs at that time, and Liu Qiu was energetic and diligent in his duties, sometimes even staying up all night. Yuan Jihai often said: "I will not re-examine the paperwork cases handled by Mr. Liu."

Datong. 4. What does "just" mean in the classical Chinese article "A scholar has four mistakes"?

There is no word "just" in the classical Chinese article "A scholar has four mistakes".

Scholars make four mistakes

Original text

Scholars make four mistakes, and teachers must know them. When people learn, they may lose a lot, they may lose a few, they may lose it easily, or they may stop it. These four people have nothing in common with each other. Know his heart, and then he can save his loss. Those who teach are those who develop good deeds and save those who have lost. ("Book of Rites·Xue Ji")

Notes

① Fault: fault.

②Or: either; or; some.

③Loss leads to more: Losing comes from greed for too much. Lost: The mistake is.

④Easy: simple.

⑤ Stop: Stop when encountering difficulties.

⑥Hearts are not the same: everyone has different psychology.

⑦Rescue: Remedy.

⑧长: used as a verb to carry forward (their strengths).

⑨Goodness: Strengths.

⑩er: conjunction, indicating and.

Who: A person who...

Translation

There are four faults (deficiencies) in people who learn, and teachers who impart knowledge must understand them. When it comes to people's learning, some people have the problem of being greedy for too much without seeking a thorough understanding. Some people have the problem of being satisfied with less (satisfaction if they know a little). Some people think it is too easy and are negligent and do not study seriously. People have the problem of setting limits on themselves and not seeking progress. The causes and psychological states of these four types of errors are different. Know their mental state so that you can remedy their mistakes later. The purpose of educating people who impart knowledge is to develop their strengths and remedy their shortcomings.

Enlightenment

Understand the different mentalities of students and then prescribe the right medicine. Educational methods are not a fixed model, they must be specific. Without diamonds, you can't do the porcelain work. Without pertinence, methods become pointless. As far as people are concerned, the key to targeting is to grasp the psychological state. Just like a doctor treating a disease, he must first find out the cause of the disease, and then know how to treat it. There is something wrong with students' learning, and the root cause lies in their mental state. Therefore, a truly good teacher must first be a good psychologist, not just an empty talker who knows some rules and regulations.

It enables us to realize our own shortcomings and make up for them in time, turning passive learning into active learning. Develop good study habits. Don’t bite off more than you can chew, don’t ask for a complete explanation, and don’t be afraid of difficulties and hold back. You should have plans, methods, and perseverance to achieve efficient learning.

5. Classical Chinese Reading Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions

(1) B was also demoted to Jiaozhi County Magistrate because of Wang Bo. Sitting: because. (2) D in "Nai Jianran said" "鈥然" modifies "曰" and cannot be disconnected, excluding C; "袁谷狠 repeatedly" expresses the process of reporting, and there must be a pause in the middle, and there must also be a pause in the front, excluding AB. The translation is: The governor was very angry, so he got up to change clothes and go to rest , I sent my subordinates to report to myself after finishing the waiting article (one sentence). After reporting several times, the language of the article became more and more surprising, so I said in surprise: "What a genius!" (3) C Imposing cause and effect, there is no causal relationship between before and after. "Bo belongs to Wen. He does not think carefully at first. He first grinds a few liters of ink, then drinks heartily, and then lies down with his face covered. He then writes a piece of paper, and it is difficult to write a single word. At that time, people called Bo a belly draft. "It has nothing to do with "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion". (4) ① "Ling borrowed", *** means neglect; "Yicai Ling borrowed" is an omitted sentence, "wei" is a passive sentence, and the literary meaning is: He relied on his own talent, * ** Neglect others and be hated by them all. ② "Secret skill", secret medical skill; "You", study; "Yao", essence; literary meaning. The translation is: Bo once said that as a son, you must not He didn't understand medical skills. At that time, Cao Yuan of Chang'an had secret medical skills. Wang Bo studied with him and completely mastered the essence. Answer: (1) B (2) D (3) C (4) ① He relied on his own talent. *** Neglect others, and they will be jealous of them. ② Bo once said that a son must not understand medical skills. At that time, Cao Yuan of Chang'an had secret medical skills. Wang Bo studied with him and completely mastered the essence. Reference translation : Wang Bo, courtesy name Zian, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou. He was good at writing articles when he was six years old. When he was nine years old, he got the "Book of Han" with ancient annotations by Yan Shi. After reading it, he wrote the article "Zhidao" to point out the errors in it. In the early years of Linde, Liu Xiangdao inspected the pass, and Wang Bo wrote a letter recommending himself. Liu Xiangdao (who admired him very much) reported to the court. (Wang Bo) achieved outstanding results in the countermeasures. Before he reached adulthood, he was awarded the title of Chaosanlang, and he repeatedly presented tributes to the court. Wen. King Pei heard about his reputation, so he recruited him to be his editor, and compiled the book "Platform Secret". After the book was completed, King Pei cherished him very much. At that time, all the kings loved cockfighting. , Wang Bo made a joke and wrote an article "Criticizing the British King Chicken". When Gaozong saw it, he was furious: "This is an attempt to sow discord among the kings." He kicked him out of the palace. After Wang Bo was deposed, Living in the Jiannan area, he once climbed Mount Ge'an to overlook the distance. He sighed with emotion and remembered Zhuge Liang's achievements. He wrote poems to express his feelings. Later, he heard that there were many medicinal herbs in Guozhou, so he requested to be appointed to Guozhou to join the army. Because of his talent and arrogance, he was dismissed by his colleagues. They were jealous. The official slave Cao Da committed a crime and hid in Wang Bo's residence. Wang Bo was afraid that the matter would be leaked, so he killed Cao Da. The incident was later discovered, and he should be punished according to law. It happened that he was pardoned and was only relieved of his official position. Bo's father was blessed. , served as Yongzhou Sigong and joined the army, and was demoted to Jiaozhi County magistrate because of Wang Bo. Wang Bo went to visit, crossed the sea and drowned, suffering from excessive panic. He died shortly after returning at the age of twenty-nine. At the time (when visiting relatives), Wang Bo passed by Zhong on the road. Tomb, on September 9th, the governor held a grand banquet in Tengwang Pavilion. He asked his son-in-law to write a preface in advance and prepared to show off to the guests at the banquet. So he took out paper and pen and invited the guests one by one to write a preface. No one dared to do it. When he arrived in front of Wang Bo, he readily agreed without refusing. The governor was very angry, got up to change clothes and went to rest, and sent his subordinates to report to themselves after writing the article they had been waiting for. After reporting several times, the language of the article became more and more impressive. Feeling surprised, he said in amazement: "What a genius! " Then he asked him to write it completely, and finally ended the banquet very happily. When Wang Bo wrote an article, he did not start with careful composition and careful consideration. He first polished several liters of ink, then drank heartily, pulled the quilt over his face, and went to sleep. When he woke up, he took the pen and wrote it without changing a word. People at that time thought that Wang Bo had drafted the manuscript. He especially liked books. At that time, Wang Bo's grandfather Wang Tong was Mo Sibai of the Sui Dynasty. A professor from Niuxi who has many disciples. He once wrote 120 books from Wei to Jin in the Han Dynasty to continue the ancient "Shangshu". Later, he lost the preface, leaving only a list without the book (content). Ten articles were supplemented by Wang Bo, and the final version was twenty-five articles. It is often said that the children of people (who know medical skills) cannot not understand medical skills. At that time, Cao An of Chang'an had secret skills, and Wang Bo learned from him.

He interacted with him and completely learned his essence. I once read the "Book of Changes" and I dreamed at night as if someone told me: "There is Tai Chi in the Book of Changes. Please think about it seriously." After waking up, I wrote "The Book of Changes". Several articles were written, and he stopped when he was ill when he wrote "Jin Gua". Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and Luo Bin are all equally famous for their articles. People all over the world call them the four outstanding heroes: "Wang, Yang, Lu, and Luo". Cui Rong and When Zhang Shuo commented on Wang Bo and others, he said: "Wang Bo's articles are so grand and powerful that ordinary people cannot match them. Yang Jiong and Lu Zhaolin can still match them." 6. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete questions 9-12. Zhang Yi is from Wei

Question 1: Question A 2: Question D 3: Question C 4: Question D 5: (1 ) In this way, we take back the land ceded to Qin from Qi as compensation, and your country can still survive.

(1 point each for "Yes", "Yu" and "Shang", and 1 point for a smooth sentence.) (2) Since ancient times, there have been too many people whose reputations have been lost despite their wealth. Only characters can be praised.

(3) Open four windows in the front and surround the courtyard with low walls to block the sunlight from the south. The sunlight reflects back and brightens the interior. (Yuanqiang, Shi, and Dongran each have 1 point, and the sentence is smooth and fluent.)

User 2017-09-20 Report scan and download the QR code?2020?Contact: service@zuoyebang? Agreement var userCity = "\u5317\u4eac", userProvince = "\u5317\u4eac", zuowenSmall = "2";. 7. Scholars have four faults. What are the four shortcomings of classical Chinese?

Scholars have four faults

Original text

Scholars have four faults ①, and teachers must know them. People's learning is either ② if it fails, it will be many, ③, or it will be few, or it will be easy ④, or it will stop ⑤. These four have nothing in common with each other⑥. Know his heart, and then he can save his loss. Those who teach are good at ⑧ and good at ⑨ and save those who have lost. (Dai Sheng's "Book of Rites·Xue Ji")

Translation

There are four kinds of faults (deficiencies) in people who learn, and teachers who impart knowledge must understand them. When it comes to people's learning, some people have the problem of being greedy for too much without asking for a thorough understanding. Some people have the problem of being satisfied with less (satisfying only if they know a little). Some people think it is too easy and are negligent and do not study seriously. People have the problem of setting limits on themselves and not seeking progress. The causes and psychological states of these four types of errors are different. Know their mental state so that you can remedy their mistakes later. The purpose of educating people who impart knowledge is to develop their strengths and remedy their shortcomings.

Notes

① Error: Negligence.

②Or: either; or; some.

③Loss leads to more: Losing comes from greed for too much. Lost: The mistake is.

④Easy: simple.

⑤ Stop: Stop when encountering difficulties.

⑥Hearts are not the same: everyone has different psychology.

⑦Rescue: Remedy.

⑧长: used as a verb to carry forward (their strengths).

⑨Goodness: Strengths.

⑩er: conjunction, indicating and.

Who: A person who...

Enlightenment

Scholars make four mistakes: if they fail, they will make many mistakes; if they fail, they will make few mistakes; if they fail, it will be easy; if they fail, they will stop. Namely: greed for too much; self-satisfaction; contempt; trying too little.

Understand students’ different mentalities and then prescribe appropriate measures. Educational methods are not a fixed model, they must be specific. Without diamonds, you can't do the porcelain work. Without pertinence, methods become pointless. As far as people are concerned, the key to targeting is to grasp the psychological state. Just like a doctor treating a disease, he must first find out the cause of the disease, and then know how to treat it. There is something wrong with students' learning, and the root cause lies in their mental state.

Therefore, a truly good teacher must first be a good psychologist, not just an empty talker who knows some rules and regulations.

It enables us to realize our own shortcomings and make up for them in time, turning passive learning into active learning. Develop good study habits, don’t bite off more than you can chew, don’t ask for more explanations, don’t be afraid of difficulties and hold back, have plans, methods, and perseverance to achieve efficient learning.