Based on Zhuangzi's composition.

Appreciation of Zhuangzi's Autumn Water

Taoist culture and philosophy are one of the deepest and broadest roots in China's cultural tradition. With its spirit of advocating nature and broad mind, it has become a solid foundation for China culture to stand on the world. In the historical development of Taoist culture and philosophy with a long history, Zhuangzi thought can be regarded as the positive vein of Taoist thought, and Zhuangzi's prose is regarded as the wonderful work of pre-Qin philosophers with its magnificent and colorful characteristics. Zhuangzi's thoughts were compiled into a book, which is today's Zhuangzi. The style of Zhuangzi has three parts, namely, the familiar inner chapter, outer chapter and miscellaneous chapter. The relationship between the three parts, if borrowed from Buddhist terminology, is equivalent to Buddhism, that is, Zhuangzi's own mental method, from which we can directly see the true face of Zhuangzi himself; The external chapter is equivalent to the image method, which was written by a disciple close to Zhuangzi. Because some disciples were handed down by Zhuangzi himself, if not completely, it is not far away. Essays are written by Zhuangzi's later school, which is equivalent to the last law, and is far from the truth of Zhuang Xue. However, it has the power to bypass other schools and cannot be abolished. As far as the realm is concerned, the inner chapter has the most Taoist meaning, and its essence can enter the realm of Tao Te Ching; The outer chapter comes from the essence of the inner chapter-in fact, Zhuangzi's book can be understood as an explanation of Laozi as a whole-and can be regarded as an aid to the inner chapter; The essay takes Zhuangzi as the study of other schools, which is related to all kinds of knowledge and can be called an interdisciplinary subject between Zhuangzi and other schools. Being a monarch inside, a minister outside, supplemented by miscellaneous things, complement each other and blend into one.

The inside story is of high significance, which is hard to say; Miscellaneous articles are far-reaching and cannot be said; The outer part is between intentional and unintentional, just like intentional attribution to the inner part, so that it can be unified and mixed. So I overreached myself and chose an external article as the text.

There are too many foreign articles, so why not? Yue's Autumn Water is also. Why do we have to do that？ Because the most wonderful thing about this article is the wantonness and flowing of Zhuangzi and Wang Yang.

"Autumn is coming, rivers are filled with rivers, and the runoff is very large. There is no distinction between cattle and horses on both sides of the strait, and Hebo is happy and complacent, taking the beauty of the world as his own. "

At the beginning of the article, people began to enter their own world. "When autumn comes, all rivers are full of rivers." It was autumn, and the rain was still falling, which gradually became a trend. From the article itself, "Chuan" is a tributary, "River" is the mainstream, and the river gradually flows into the mainstream from the tributary, benefiting each other, so the goal of "great runoff between the two sides" is finally achieved. It should be said that Hebo's mentality is also human nature. Imagine, if we suddenly have a lot of wealth, who wouldn't be as complacent as Hebo? What is "complacency"? This is self-satisfied, smug, and poor (or lucky) Hebo doesn't know what a vast world will unfold before her eyes!

"Down the river, as for the North Sea, seeing the boundless sea, the water and the sky are the same color, and the sea and the sky are connected, I look at the ocean and sigh: there is a saying in the wild: I know that I think I am ignorant, which is also called it. Today, when I saw my son was poor, I laughed at his generosity. For example, Beihai said: Well frogs are not enough to talk about the sea, and they are confined to the air; Summer insects are not ice, but they are also good at punctuality; Qu Shi can't be in harmony with Tao, but he is bound to teach. "

It was not until Hebo reached the downstream sea and saw the vast scene of the sea that he realized how ridiculous his former complacency was-however, the value of Hebo was that he could reflect on himself in time when he realized his mistakes, so he had the following self-criticism words: "There is a saying in the wild: I call it" When I hear it, it means that if I know something, I think I am self-sufficient ",that is. It seems that Herb was embarrassed in front of Poseidon, so he said to Poseidon, "Now that I see my son's poverty, I will laugh at this generous family. ".The" generous home "is a vast sea, and Buddhism sometimes calls the Buddha a generous and broad Buddha, which is boundless. Don't argue with me, Poseidon. I didn't know that my previous ideas were ridiculous until I saw that you were so broad and made your old man laugh. After listening to this, Poseidon inherited Herb's meaning and inspired him to gradually transcend his limitations. Well frog is not enough to talk about the sea, but confined to the air; Summer insects are not ice, but they are also good at punctuality; Qu Shi can't talk to Tao, but he must teach it. These three sentences are similar in meaning, but different in emphasis. The reason why the well frog can't talk about the sea is because of the limitation of space. The reason why summer insects can't talk about ice is due to time constraints; Qu can't talk about the highest truth because he is limited by himself, too prejudiced, unable to accept the opposite and rejected the highest truth. In short, people can't hear the avenue because of various restrictions or constraints, and even if they have the opportunity to hear the avenue, they will be excluded. Didn't they hear Lao Tzu say, "Staff sergeant is diligent; The sergeant heard that living is death; Corporal heard the word "laugh"? If the prejudice against a person is too deep, you will reason with him, waste your breath, and may even be laughed at or even reviled, so even a saint can only be "outside Liuhe, outside the saint; Within Liuhe, saints talk without discussing ",alas, difficult, difficult. You see, Herb made self-criticism and was scolded by Poseidon for nothing. But Poseidon is definitely a good educator. Not complacent? Then I'll knock your arrogance down first and give you a good scolding. I'll tell you the truth when you get rid of your bad habit of being above yourself and moving too slowly. So Poseidon changed his temper and said, "Now, I come from the river, but I know I am ugly, and I will be able to talk to you." "Well, you can correct your mistakes and change them. Recognizing one's own limitations and acknowledging one's own smallness is the beginning of transcending limitations and moving towards greatness. It seems that I can tell you another big story. What did Poseidon say next?

"The water in the world is greater than the sea, and Wan Chuan belongs to it. I don't know when it will stop; I wonder when it will stop. Spring and autumn remain unchanged, and floods and droughts are unknown. " The ocean is the source and destination of all kinds of water in the world. Wan Chuan is one of them, but there is no seawater overflow. Although the tail kept falling, no sea water dried up. Seasonal changes or droughts and floods have no effect on the ocean. Why? It's simple, because the capacity of the sea is too huge. Seeing this, you may ask: Just after Herbert's complacency, why does Poseidon repeat the same mistakes and brag here? To borrow the words of Bao Laosan, he said: Not really. Because these words are just an introduction, there is a sentence behind that shows that Poseidon has a clear self-awareness of himself, "and I have never learned too much from them", and I have never felt how great this is, because I deeply know that "I am between heaven and earth, and Xiao Mu is in the mountains" is everywhere between heaven and earth, unlike nothing in osawa? China is all over the world, isn't it like a grain of rice in the big warehouse? ""empty ",the size of a small glass, empty, just a little water. Me, the sea between heaven and earth is so small.

The sea is so modest that we should not be proud. Compared with the vast universe, what modern science knows is only a drop in the ocean, and our understanding of the universe can only be called a glimpse. At present, the universe scope of natural science research can be divided into several levels, namely, fuzzy view, micro view, macro view, universe view and expansion view. They are bounded by quarks, Brownian particles, planets and galaxies, and belong to the research fields of particle physics, quantum mechanics, classical science, general relativity and cosmology respectively. Of course, there are countless smaller levels in the foggy vision and countless higher levels in the broad vision. Maybe everyone is familiar with mesoscopic (the level between micro and macro), because this level is where the most advanced nanotechnology is located. The so-called nanotechnology, from a technical point of view, is the technology of manipulating a single molecule or atom. How big is a nanometer? We know that molecules, the most basic particles involved in chemical reactions that we have learned in middle school, are very small, and molecules are nanoparticles. After simple calculations, we know that molecules: table tennis = table tennis: the earth. The size of the atom is only 10- 10m, which is one tenth of that of the molecule. The elementary particles are smaller, only.

What it says above is the size of space. Let's start with the length of time. Buddhists often say a moment, so how short is a moment? Very simply, in Indian philosophy, "moment" is calculated as follows: one day and night =30 minutes, 1 minute =30 wax bonds, 1 wax bond =60 moments, 1 moment = 65438+. Buddhists say that a strong man broke his wrist for 65 seconds, and in a poem by our great leader Mao Zedong, there is a sentence "Thirty-eight years have passed in an instant", saying that time flies quickly, which should also come from this. Of course, this is about shortcomings. If we talk about strengths, we all know that there is a long-standing unit "robbery" in Buddhism. How long is it? Let's take a look at its meaning. It's easy to make it clear: from the age of 10, increase 10 every 1 0 year, until the age of 84,000, and then reduce it to 10 year in turn. Such an increase and decrease is a small robbery, 20 small robberies are medium robberies, and 4 robberies and residences. Such a catastrophe is probably 1343840000 years. This is just a general robbery, like some special robberies, which last longer. For example, the Buddhist scriptures say: it is a small robbery to wipe a stone one or even forty miles square every three years with a very light and soft coat until it is gone; Every three years, Brahma wiped the rocks in eighty miles until they were completely destroyed. This was a robbery. Living in the sky every three years, it is a big robbery to clean up 800 miles of square rocks until they are completely eliminated. It is too long.

As for our traditional culture in China, we should all know the story of "vicissitudes", which tells that the fairy Magu has seen three vicissitudes since she became an immortal. In Buddhist scriptures, the life span of Yunxian can reach tens of millions of years, but it is also true. However, if Ma Gu meets the following immortals, she is simply too young. According to Dongpo Zhi Lin, "I once met three old people and asked them their years. One said: I am better when the sea becomes a mulberry field. I have raised ten rooms. One said: I have an old relationship with Pangu. These two immortals are really old. "Raising" is simply a small stick. A small stick recorded the vicissitudes of life. This stick filled ten rooms. How old is his old man? The other one is not simple. Who is Pangu? The creator of the world also said, "I have an old relationship with Pangu", so why not live with heaven and earth? Judging from the size of space, the "infinite universe" just mentioned also comes from Buddhist scriptures, which means that four continents form a small world, a thousand small worlds are an Hanazono Sakura world, a thousand Hanazono Sakura worlds are a middle world, and a thousand middle worlds are a middle world. A big world contains 10 billion small worlds. We earthlings live on one continent, and there are infinite worlds in the universe. In fact, according to the calculation of modern science, the earth is like a grain of sand on the playground in the solar system, and the solar system is like a grain of sand on the playground in the Milky Way. The Milky Way is also in the whole galaxy. In the universe, it is not even sand, but infinitesimal. So Poseidon said that he was very small in the world, not modest, but realistic.

Hearing this, Herb deeply felt that what he said was reasonable, but in order to get Poseidon's approval, he told Poseidon his experience. "But I am a big world, a small detail, but what?" If Beihai says, Look, I just praised you, why are you confused again? "No", that's not right. I told you about Dali, but I haven't made it clear to you. "Why do you know enough details about fine ni? How do you know that heaven and earth are poor enough to be big? " Do you think atoms are small? You think the whole galaxy is the largest? Alas, it was really a waste of time just now. You just jumped out of one trap and entered another. When is the end? It should be noted that there is a world outside the sky, a galaxy outside the galaxy, and an atom below the atom. At a higher level, a galaxy is as small as an atom, while at a very small level, an atom is as big as a galaxy. You should go beyond the realm of heaven and earth and reach the realm of Tao. What is Tao? Tao is no big or small, no good or evil, very constant, no right or strange, no outside or inside, transcending everything, including everything, penetrating everything, complete, prepared and wonderful. Only by understanding such a wonderful way can we understand that everything in the universe is complete and has all the real bodies and wonderful uses. The world is wonderful, but isn't every grass and tree in the world just as wonderful? "Heaven and earth coexist with me, everything is one with me" and "everything is prepared for me", and everything in the world actually exists. As Wang Yangming said: Confucius, Yao, Shun, saints and mortals are all like gold. Although their weights are different, if they are purified into pure gold and red gold, the purity is exactly the same, and there is no difference. The so-called circle is also. Everything in the whole universe, from heaven and earth to atoms, is inclusive and occupies each other. A flower and a world, a leaf and a Buddha, have endless origins with each other, and everything in the universe is wonderful, so the Zen master said, "Bamboo and yellow flowers are nothing more than wonderful ways;" Carrying firewood and water is bodhi. Buddha said, "Worry is Bodhi". The supreme method of Zen Buddhism is to constantly worry and not seek liberation, because worry is bodhi, which was originally unbound and has not been detached today. What is becoming a monk? The true meaning of becoming a monk is "carefree", which is fate and happiness everywhere.

Visible, along the river → sea → heaven and earth, and finally reach the realm of Tao, leading us into a broader and better realm. After reading this wonderful article, I realized this wonderful way. After a thousand years, my heart is connected with Zhuangzi's heart, even with the hearts of infinite beings, and with everything in the universe, and I feel at ease.