What is the influence of the economic difference between North and South in Song Dynasty?

If everything is brought to the extreme, any dynasty can be described as a hell on earth, but it's a pity that someone is doing this work.

First of all, is Song's main economic income two taxes? Looking at any economic history can tell you clearly-no, the taxes in Song Dynasty mainly include public land, two taxes, dingkou tax and miscellaneous tax. The bulk of Song tax revenue is not two taxes, but miscellaneous changes.

In addition to customers, the landlord's definition of "customers" as "tenant farmers" is not clever. "Customers" are divided into rural customers and Chinese customers. The so-called "tenant farmers" are just the former. In fact, "customers are not only the direct producers in agricultural production, but also the main source of handicraft workers" (sorry, I copied this book). A large number of "customers" did flow to handicrafts.

And is the "customer" the same as the "tenant farmer" in our impression? I'm afraid not. Song's customers have their own independent household registration, and the law allows and encourages customers to buy land and become main households. At the end of the Song Dynasty, the number of customers remained at 30%-40%, the fifth-class households of semi-owner farmers in the Northern Song Dynasty remained at 25%, and that in the Southern Song Dynasty was 35%. It is because some households have become customers, and some customers have become households, even middle households. The two flows are interactive, not one-way. And are the lives of these customers as the landlord said? Not necessarily! First of all, customers do not need to bear all kinds of taxes of the country directly, because the object of these taxes is the main household. All customers need is to pay the landlord rent. The rent is divided into two parts. First, the most basic part is the fixed land rent, which is fixed regardless of the harvest. If the harvest is not good, the customer will suffer, and the harvest will be owned by the customer. Landlords generally do not interfere in production. The second part is to increase rent, increase rent and rent. With the increase of land production, the landlord also wants to make more money, so he increases this part of the rent, which is also the most intense part of the contradiction between customers and landlords. However, Song's customers have the freedom to migrate, that is to say, if they are dissatisfied with the landlord, they can leave on their own if they meet the conditions. What this means is clear to everyone. Not as sensational as the landlord said. If the landlord thinks that the bud of capital concern in Song Dynasty is a legend, it will have to be left to the landlord. As for the plain enclosure, it can only be said that the landlord's colored eyes are quite deep. Say you are lying with your eyes open!

"Many historians have long said that heavy taxes were imposed in the Song Dynasty, and it is not unreasonable to say that' poverty and weakness are accumulated'"-it seems really reasonable for anyone who attacks the Song Dynasty on the Internet to say this sentence. Song's taxes are so heavy! But in fact, they all played the "solution of Dafa" beautifully, picking out the parts that they needed most, but turning a blind eye to the parts that were unfavorable to them. Even historians' arguments have to be cut in half, picking out what they need and throwing away the rest. Which part is it? How to point it out in the places mentioned below. This part is also the root cause of "heavy taxes" in Song Dynasty.

Let's follow the landlord's footsteps and see how the landlord demonized Song.

(1) two kinds of taxes

The landlord made a big mistake when he first talked about the two taxes in the Tang Dynasty. First of all, there was no forced labor except two taxes in the Tang Dynasty? This is a joke. After the implementation of the two taxes in the Tang Dynasty, compulsory labor was not abolished with the "mediocrity". The two taxes in the Tang Dynasty stipulated that "the surplus tax should be noted, but the tax amount should not be abolished." This paved the way for the continued existence of forced labor. After the implementation of the two tax laws in the Tang Dynasty, agents were merged into the two taxes, and forced labor was still adjusted according to Ding Zheng. In history, there are endless records about "assigning a definite character", "banishing service" and "calling and dispatching". In addition to compulsory service, there are handyman, sex service and the heaviest and biggest military service that has nothing to do with the two taxes. It is a joke to say that Tang "can no longer recruit people to do unpaid work for the government" after the two taxes. And why does the landlord insist on saying so? -there is only one purpose, demonizing Song. That's all.

The innovation in the Tang Dynasty was the emergence and popularization of the employment system (it was changed to the employment system in the Song Dynasty, and there was also an employment system in the Song Dynasty, but the concept was different), and the Song Dynasty inherited and promoted this innovation.

Say that Tang is too far away, let's go back to Song.

First of all, the landlord once again used the disgraceful technique-stealing the beam to replace the column. First of all, it should be clear that Song tax and Tang tax are both called two taxes in name, but they are different in content. Song tax is a land tax that simply takes land as the object of collection, and the standard is to collect it according to the quantity and quality of land occupied by each household. The two taxes in the Tang Dynasty combined the population and assets of each household, including land, mulberries, houses, livestock and money, and then calculated the two taxes for each household. It can be seen that the scope of the two taxes in Tang Dynasty is far wider than that in Song Dynasty. The two taxes in the Tang Dynasty included land tax, household tax and labor, while the two taxes in the Song Dynasty were only pure land tax, excluding household tax and labor. In Song Dynasty, family tax and forced labor were calculated separately. The tax levied on each household is called Ding tax, that is, household tax, and the tax levied on households and other property is called service money, that is, the content of forced labor. In other words, the two taxes in the Song Dynasty plus Ding tax plus service money were about equal to the two taxes in the Tang Dynasty. The landlord used the Tang tax to steal the Song tax and forced the contents of the Tang tax on the Song tax. This move is really disgraceful!

Therefore, the saying that "the people have paid the exemption money, but they still have to serve the government" does not count, and it is also because of the bankruptcy of the Servant Law. Finally, Wang Anshi came out to reform, abolish the Servant Law, and engage in exemption money. This is the greatest virtue. " This is complete nonsense. When did Song tax include tax-free money? The landlord really has ulterior motives! The method of demonization is too bad! At this time, there was another place where the landlord was very insidious and used a trick of "stealing the column". That is, deliberately confusing "husband service" and "official service". "Conscription" means "compulsory service", and the service money corresponds to "compulsory service", while the Service Law and Wang An Shi Xining's exemption money both correspond to "service". "Official service" has nothing to do with "official service", but also corresponds to the miscellaneous service and color service besides the two taxes in the Tang Dynasty. That is to say, both the taxes in the Tang Dynasty and the service money in the Song Dynasty have nothing to do with the "servant law" and later Wang Anshi Xining's exemption from money, and they have never managed it. The landlord deliberately confuses the two here, and the purpose of this confusion is only one-demonizing Song.

Let's make it clear what the landlord stole, that is, the two taxes in the Tang Dynasty. Handyman, sex service and military service were the main burdens of the Tang Dynasty. The two taxes in Song Dynasty and the tax in Jiading were equivalent to the two taxes in Tang Dynasty. Later, the "servant law" which replaced the "servant law" and Wang Anshi Xining's exemption from money were equivalent to the handyman and sex service in Tang Dynasty. Obviously, there is no such thing as collecting tax exemption again! In the Song Dynasty, "the people are suckers, and they fool if they want to fool", or the landlord regards netizens as "suckers, and fool if they want to fool"! !

Friends of discerning people may find that Tang has military service. ! Ha ha! This is the important content below. Let's put it here first.

Let's talk about "shifting" and "bending" first.

Let's look at "transfer" first. It has always been stipulated that most families with two taxes have the ability to deliver meals nearby. But in the Northern Song Dynasty, officials began to increase taxes under various pretexts, which increased the burden on farmers. To solve this problem, when Hui Zong arrived, they stopped moving, but charged foot money so that people could pay foot money. Become a surcharge. It can be seen that the problem of "migration" has only existed for a period of time and has been solved. The landlord doesn't talk about this, just grasping the temporary burden and expanding infinitely, or to demonize Song. We see that the landlord's method of grasping the temporary burden and expanding it indefinitely will appear again and again below, with the aim of giving everyone the impression that "all the time and all the places in the Song Dynasty are the biggest superposition of these serious burdens"! It means no poison!

Let's look at the "inflection point" again.

"Discount" was originally a measure to facilitate taxpayers to pay two taxes. However, in practice, some unscrupulous officials increase taxes in the name of "reform". However, the laws of the Song Dynasty have specific provisions on "folding". Without permission, it is illegal to discount and increase taxes, which should be punished as bribery. More famous is Bao Zheng's investigation of Chen Zhou's "turning point". At that time, Zhou Chen increased the tax by 1.80% in the name of "inflection point", which was less than twice, and was disintegrated by Bao Zheng. The landlord turned a blind eye, regarded the illegal act as a legal act and then stole it for Song's policy. What is this for? -Yes! Just to demonize Song. Can you give a verifiable example from the sensational and exaggerated "narrative" of the landlord? No, only the landlord is complaining.

Look at "advance loan" again.

The landlord's "accusation" is ambiguous. What do you mean "sometimes the government is poor"? In a word, both the Song Dynasty are included. What is the truth? First of all, there was no "pre-borrowing" project in the Northern Song Dynasty. And "forward". The real beginning is in the Southern Song Dynasty, Shaoxing years, the country is in danger. Due to the need of military prosperity, the government moved its capital to Lin 'an, and the system was primitive. The heavy war expenses and construction expenses made the government unable to make ends meet, so "advance borrowing" came into being, and at the same time, there were "general manager making money", "piling up money every month" and "money on account" mentioned later. It can be said that it is an extraordinary measure under extraordinary conditions. During the Southern Song Dynasty, we have been faced with great frontier pressure. Large-scale wars also happen again and again, and the military expenditure is very large, so these taxes have always existed. In the Northern Song Dynasty, these taxes did not exist at all. Hello, landlord! A "sometimes the government is poor" includes the Northern Song Dynasty, so these extraordinary situations are covered up just to give everyone the impression that Song was so greedy for money! It's good to demonize!

(2) salt

This will have to wait until tomorrow, because the prohibition system in Song Dynasty is worth studying separately, which is not boasted by the landlord!

(3) Miscellaneous taxes

"general manager makes money", "monthly pile of money" and "board account money" We also made it clear above. Extraordinary handling in extraordinary times. It was collected in the Southern Song Dynasty in the face of high military and war expenses. Not at all in the Northern Song Dynasty. The landlord put aside the specific environment to expand. What's the motive? !

Looking through all kinds of historical materials and economic history, we can return the true colors of the Song Dynasty.

"Two-tax salt money, silkworm salt money, diced silk, diced salt, monk money, weighed money, market money, folded money, folded money, cloth money, deformed silk money"-hehe! The landlord also listed so many, just to let everyone have a look-people in the Song Dynasty are so bitter! What a pity! In order to fabricate these names, the landlord took out the Ding Ding salt money contained in Ding Koufu's money and put it into the miscellaneous tax. Body money itself is only collected in Jiangnan area. In order to make up for this, we will not hesitate to extract this money from the commercial tax and add it to the miscellaneous tax. Really well-intentioned! I don't know what I'm doing. As for what taxes are collected in some areas for some time, such as folding money, folding money, cloth money and odd money, it's hard to say whether it's a miscellaneous tax. The real miscellaneous tax, here only see a kind of silkworm salt money, and silkworm salt money as early as the Tang and Five Dynasties, to the Northern Song Dynasty, only Hebei States also levied, the Southern Song Dynasty has long stopped. The landlord once again played his infinite stretching solution. And those important miscellaneous taxes are worth mentioning, such as farm tools tax, barrel consumption, head money and important landlords, and they are demonized to this extent? !

(4) Business tax

In order to demonize, the landlord simply didn't even introduce the Song business tax (did he dare to introduce it? It's ruined as soon as it's introduced ) I have to come in person.

There were mainly residential taxes and exorbitant taxes in Song Dynasty. The residence tax is a commercial transaction tax with a tax rate of 3%, and the over-tax is a commodity circulation tax with a tax rate of 2%. In the Song Dynasty, the Commercial Tax Regulations was promulgated, and the names of taxable commodities were announced in tax offices, yamen and major traffic routes, so that businessmen could know fairly well. Taxes are collected according to the rules, and business travelers pay taxes according to the rules. Otherwise, business travelers can refuse to accept the tax item if they increase the tax privately. As for paying the business tax on the way to the exam on the way to marriage, first, the landlord gives the place, and whoever will plant it will be believed in the vernacular. Second, if it is true, it can only be said that you have brought the goods listed in the regulations to pay taxes, so you should pay taxes. No, you didn't bring anything and forced you to hand it in.

What "tariff" has also been extended to all valuables cleared by customs "is simply nonsense! Only those who are on file can pay taxes, and those who are not on file can be handed over to others if you want!

(5) Harmony and Harmony

And buy money from the official treasury and lend it to the people to offset it with silk in summer, autumn and winter. Originally, it was a method that benefited both the government and the people. Later, when it was put into practice, it gradually became a purely bureaucratic school. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was replaced by Silk Money. However, it should be noted that "shopping" is only taxed on families above level 4, that is to say, "lower families" such as families above level 4 and families above level 5 do not have this burden, while "middle families" such as families above level 3, families above level 1 and level 2 have little influence on them. The demand for harmony is higher, and it costs more than the third-class households. To Shang Hu, it's just a little Mao Mao. This does not mean that the landlord has expanded infinitely again!

(vi) General comments

The above shows the trick of the landlord. Let's go back to what we said earlier. This is why the landlord played a beautiful trick of "Dafa", picking out what he needed most and turning a blind eye to what was unfavorable to him. Even the historian's judgment should be cut in half, pick out what he needs and throw away the other part. What is the root cause of "heavy taxes" in this part of the Song Dynasty?

We should also start with the judgment of historians. Historians' evaluation of the tax system in Song Dynasty is that "heavy tax is light tax", and heavy tax and light tax are actually mutually causal and indispensable. The landlord and others singled out the "heavy" part, giving everyone a wrong impression. People in the Song Dynasty were so bitter! In fact, the place where ordinary people get benefits is that the landlord's "light service" flow is hidden. And this happens to be the key.

Remember the military service in the Tang Dynasty? In the Song Dynasty, this was not a problem at all, because there was a recruitment system in the Song Dynasty, and the state hired people to be soldiers. There is no such thing as "military service" among the people. This lightened the people's greatest and heaviest burden. The actual effect is not limited to this. In fact, the "Xiang Army" in the Song Bing system was hired by the state to do odd jobs, which shared most of the slave labor of farmers and craftsmen and minimized the state's exploitation of folk craftsmen and farmers. At the same time, the "recruiting soldiers" in the Song Dynasty also played the role of a social "pressure reducing valve". The country recruited a large number of social idlers in places where famine occurred, which greatly reduced social instability. Thanks to it, there was no major peasant uprising in the Song Dynasty. But the price paid is a bloated army. In order to feed this huge army, the state finance has to collect more taxes. People's benefits from light service should be rewarded in the top priority. However, on average, the people of the Song Dynasty were not burdened more than other times.

Finally, copying a passage to evaluate the servitude system in the Song Dynasty should not only focus on one side, but also be comprehensive.

"In the Song Dynasty, in addition to repeated officials, forced labor was no longer the burden of every household, and military service was replaced by conscription. The general corvee project was rare as early as the early Northern Song Dynasty. The burden of the officer is only the burden of the dispatched person. Other households do not suffer from officers, and they will basically recruit officers in the future. "