Zhu's Six Reading Methods

Zhu, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, is knowledgeable. He has studied classics, history, literature, music and natural science. In terms of reading methods, he summed up the "24-character" reading method, which consists of 24 words: "Step by step, read carefully, swim modestly, observe carefully, study hard, and have no doubt about teaching".

1, step by step. In other words, from the beginning of reading the basic knowledge, we must read one by one. When reading, we should understand the words, words, sentences and articles in the literature one by one. While laying a good foundation, we should systematically and step by step read from low to high and from shallow to deep.

2. Swimming with an open mind. In other words, read carefully, learn from yourself repeatedly, hone and experience, and avoid being sloppy or self-righteous. What is "Han Yong"? The interpretation of Han and Ci Hai Ci Lan is "immersion"; "Swimming" is naturally swimming in the water)

3. Observe yourself. In other words, we should combine our own thoughts, experiences, experiences and needs to understand the meaning in the literature, and we should know the truth that "what we get on paper is shallow in the end and we never know how to do it".

4. Read carefully. That is to say, we should understand and think on the basis of being familiar with reading, and deeply understand its essence, so that the words in the book seem to come from our own mouths and their thoughts seem to be self-thinking.

5. It's tight and hard. That is to concentrate, work hard and spend a lot of effort. Sail against the current, if you don't advance, you will retreat, never slack off and work hard.

6, must teach doubt. In other words, be good at asking questions and solving problems, and learn to "ask questions". Only by reading from "doubt" to "no doubt" can we truly understand and grasp its essence.

He particularly emphasized "step by step". Some people are impatient with reading and rush forward as soon as they open their books. Zhu criticized them for walking into a restaurant like a hungry person, seeing a big plate on a table, feeling hungry for food, wolfing down the food and not knowing its taste. How on earth did you study? Zhu's method is: "The word seeks its training, and the sentence seeks its purpose. If you don't get ahead, you dare not pursue it. If you can't pass this level, you won't dare to level the others. Step by step, you will understand and you will not be embarrassed. " In other words, we should understand their meaning word for word and their reason word for word. If you don't know the front, don't rush to look behind. So there will be no omissions and mistakes. He also said: "The trouble for scholars is that they just want to move forward and refuse to go backwards. The more they read, the less they can tell the difference. If they don't regress, they can study hard. " In other words, reading should be down-to-earth, from shallow to deep, step by step, and sometimes it needs to be reviewed frequently to gain solid knowledge through temporary progress and retrogression.

In a word, the "24-character method" is an intensive reading method, which has great reference for mastering good learning methods in the increasingly rising reading activities in today's society.