What are the delicacies of the Song Dynasty?

Song dynasty: the dynasty that created delicious food

The Song Dynasty was the period when the citizen class in China was formally born. A large number of craftsmen, businessmen and small business owners formed the middle class in the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty broke the strict division between political areas and civilian areas in the Tang Dynasty, and extended the business of civilians to every corner of the city. Both Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, are big cities with a population of over one million. In the Song Dynasty, there were six cities with a population of more than 200,000, and the number of cities with more than 100,000 households increased from a dozen in the Tang Dynasty to 46. "Beijing has millions of assets at most, and there are hundreds of thousands everywhere." Due to the development of the citizen class, the secular culture in the Song Dynasty has developed by leaps and bounds. When ordinary citizens become rich, they will naturally pursue a high-quality life. Here, let's talk about the food of the Song Dynasty. As long as you open Ren Meng's "Dream of Tokyo" and read chapters such as "Qiao Zhou Night Market" and "Eating Fruit", you will be dazzled by the menu of various special snacks before you, and you won't feel drooling. You will be surprised that there are so many delicious foods in the Song Dynasty. Now I will talk about several delicious foods that I know were invented and made in Song Dynasty. ...

ham

Ham was invented in Song Dynasty. The word ham first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo clearly recorded the practice of ham in his book Talking about Things and Diet. "Ham is cooked with pig pancreas, and the oil is gone. Ham in the valley, not oily for decades, a bran cloud. "

In addition, it is said that when Zong Ze, a famous anti-gold star in the Northern Song Dynasty, returned to Beijing, he brought back some bacon from his hometown, Yiwu, Zhejiang, to taste in Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong. Zhao Gou cut it open and saw that the meat was as red as fire and delicious. He was so happy that he named it "ham" The production of ham requires multiple technological processes. Ham is rich in minerals and protein, which is not only a mouth-watering delicacy, but also a tonic. Up to now, China Zhejiang Jinhua ham not only sells well at home, but also sells well in Europe and America. For thousands of years, it still exudes unique and charming charm. ...

chafing dish

The truly recorded hot pot in the history of China appeared in the Song Dynasty. Lin Hong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in "The Mountain Family's Clear Confessions", "Only a few batches are used in the mountains, and the wine sauce and pepper live. Put a stove on the table, use half a glass of water, and when the soup rings, give everyone a stick, so you can put it in the soup and cook it. If you vomit, just give it to everyone. "

This shows that this way of eating is no longer stew, but "rinse". Lin Hong is also based on the beautiful scenery of "the sun is shining in Jiang Xue, and the evening breeze turns to sunrise". This way of eating has been given a romantic name, called "Pinellia Palace". Later, the eating method of "calling summer confession" spread, and people rushed to follow suit. Soon people gargle with all kinds of meat and vegetables in this way. The hot pot in Song Dynasty is no different from modern hot pot in appearance and structure, which makes people have to admire and admire. ...

Dongpo braised pork

Su Dongpo is a great gourmet, and there are many poems and articles about food. Now the famous dishes named after Dongpo are: Dongpo elbow, Dongpo fish, Dongpo tofu, Dongpo cake, Dongpo soup, Dongpo crisp, Dongpo jade mix, Dongpo bud, Dongpo tofu and so on. The most famous one is Dongpo pork, which was created by Su Dongpo himself in Huangzhou. He lived in poverty after being demoted to Huangzhou. Seeing that the local pork was cheap and few people bought it, he personally cooked the pork and created the "Dongpo Meat" with an eternal reputation. There is a poem "Ode to Pork" as proof: "Wash the pot, there is no smoke without water. Don't rush him when he is ripe, he will be beautiful when the heat is enough. Huangzhou good pork, the price is as cheap as dirt. If you refuse to eat, the poor can't cook. I got up in the morning and played two bowls, so I was too full to care. " Dongpo Meat is delicious and mellow, fat but not greasy. People are scrambling to imitate this practice, and the reputation of "Dongpo Meat" naturally spreads like wildfire, and some people open a shop in the name of "Dongpo Meat". So far, it is a famous dish in many areas of China. In addition, it is said that Dongpo pork was invented by Su Dongpo when he renovated the West Lake in Hangzhou.

"Slow fire, less water" is the main idea of Dongpo meat production. Another of his songs, Cooking after Rain, wrote: "Who can take care of the fire, the small stove should take care of itself." Explain the key to temperature. Slow cooking makes the soup thick, rotten, fresh, fragrant and appetizing. It was found that saturated fatty acids decreased by 30%-50% after pork was cooked slowly for 1-2 hours, while unsaturated fatty acids beneficial to human body doubled. It can be seen that Dongpo meat is not only not fat but also beneficial to people. This is really a delicious food that conforms to the principle of keeping in good health. ...

bean sprout

As a vegetable, bean sprouts have been eaten since the Song Dynasty. Lin Hong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Soak black beans, expose buds, put chaff in the pot, spread sand and plant beans, and press them. If it is long, reuse it in a bucket and dry it at dawn ... It will be washed after three days, and it is especially good to blanch it with oil, salt, bitter wine and spices and roll it with sesame cakes. The color is light yellow, and the famous goose gives birth to soybeans. " Here, not only the making method of bean sprouts is clearly recorded, but also the eating method of bean sprouts is recorded. "Rolling sesame seed cake" is the originator of Beijing pancake roll bean sprouts. Su Song, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "White-bud mung beans are the best among green vegetables." Meng Yuanshen mentioned bean sprouts many times in Tokyo Dream China, such as: "Put mung beans, adzuki beans and wheat in a porcelain bottle, soak them in water, sprout them for several inches, and tie them with a red basket, which is called" planting "." Fang Yue, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote a poem entitled "Bean Sprouts", which described the germination process of bean sprouts in detail. According to the book records of Song Dynasty, there are at least five kinds of bean sprouts in Song Dynasty, namely soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts, soybean sprouts and red bean sprouts.

Bean sprouts are cheap, elegant and popular. You can board a luxurious banquet in the elegant hall, or it can be a common meal for ordinary people. The nutritional value of bean sprouts is extremely high. Recently, western research found that bean sprouts can resist fatigue, inhibit cancer and treat epilepsy. Western nutritionists believe that bean sprouts are not only extremely nutritious, but also have extremely high therapeutic value. They all think bean sprouts are ideal food. I didn't expect the bean sprouts invented by China's ancestors thousands of years ago to be so magical. ...

popcorn

Popcorn was also invented in the Song Dynasty. Fan Chengda recorded in "The Custom of Wu Jun": "Shang Yuan, ... exploded glutinous rice in a pot, and named it" Luolou ",also known as" Mihua ". Everyone blew themselves up to rest for a year. " On the occasion of the Spring Festival, Song people used popcorn to predict the good or bad of the year, and girls used it to ask their lifelong events. Song people added diet to culture, which enriched its connotation.

Popcorn is crisp and easy to digest, and can be used as a delicious snack every day. The invention of popcorn embodies the richness of China's diet, and has a deeper meaning, that is, it creates a food processing method. It shows that the food processing in ancient China is not only a simple heating cooking, but also uses the physical principle of high temperature and high pressure to change the state and taste of food. This processing method is a modern emerging Penghua food. This processing method has turned ordinary food that we don't agree with each other into delicious and distinctive food snacks. It can be said that popcorn thousands of years ago was the originator of all kinds of modern food and snacks. ...

Many snacks were invented and created in the Song Dynasty, such as "jiaozi" (jiaozi), "Suobing" (noodles), "Soda Cone" (Fried Yuanxiao), "Floating jiaozi" (Tangyuan) and so on. Even the condiment soy sauce was invented in the Song Dynasty. It is said that there are "fried dough sticks" and "fried rice with eggs", and the Song Dynasty was really a paradise for eating goods.