How to write a business plan

Let me talk about my own experience first. I wrote a business plan to take part in the competition.

The first problem encountered is positioning. If your plan is a competition or a graduation thesis, the requirements are not so high. It can be exaggerated appropriately, and there can be more estimated components in the data. If you really want to start a business, the requirements are very high. Although it is a competition, our position is a real entrepreneur, so after writing the first draft within the specified time, we sought help and suggestions from many parties. Real entrepreneurs are like this. The following outline should be very helpful to you. But if you really want to write well, it is not easy, so you must be mentally prepared.

Then organize your own team. My experience and education is that you must find partners in different majors, not too many, otherwise there will be a lot of trouble in management.

The rest will vary according to different plans.

Let me recommend a book to you. Business plan edited by Wang Xingyuan and Wang Xiucheng of Shandong University Press.

Business plan is the "stepping stone" for entrepreneurs to knock on the door of investors. An excellent business plan will often make entrepreneurs get twice the result with half the effort.

I. Business plan

It is a written summary of the enterprise that the entrepreneur plans to create.

It is used to describe the internal and external environmental conditions and elements related to the proposed enterprise, and to provide an index chart and a standard for measuring the business progress of the enterprise.

Usually, a business plan is the integration of marketing, finance, production, human resources and other functional plans.

Problems to be considered in writing a good business plan;

(A) focus on products

(2) Dare to compete

(3) Understand the market

(4) indicate the course of action.

(5) Show your management team.

(6) Excellent plan summary

Second, the content of the business plan

Generally speaking, a business plan should include business type, capital plan and source, total capital allocation ratio, stage objective, financial forecast, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, business motivation, register of shareholders, and planned number of employees. The specific contents generally include the following aspects: 1 1:

(1) cover page

The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic, and a good cover will give readers a preliminary impression and form a good first impression.

(2) Plan summary

This is the essence of condensed business plan.

The outline of the plan covers the main points of the plan, making it clear at a glance, so that readers can review the plan and make judgments in the shortest time.

Plan summary generally includes the following contents:

Company introduction;

Managers and their organizations;

Main products and business scope;

Market overview;

Marketing strategy;

Sales plan;

Production management plan;

Financial plan;

Capital demand, etc.

Try to be concise and vivid. In particular, it is necessary to explain the differences between their own enterprises and their successful market factors.

(3) Introduction of the enterprise

The purpose of this part is not to describe the whole plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate the company's strategic goals.

industry analysis

In industry analysis, we should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics, competition and future development trend of the selected industry.

Typical problems about industry analysis:

(1) What is the development degree of this industry and its current development trend?

(2) What role does innovation and technological progress play in this industry?

(3) What is the total sales, total income and development trend?

(4) What is the price trend?

(5) How does economic development affect industries and how does the government affect industries?

(6) What factors determine its development?

(7) What is the essence of competition? What kind of strategy will you adopt?

(8) What are the obstacles to entering this industry? How will you overcome it? What is the typical rate of return in this industry?

(5) Introduction of products (services)

The product introduction should include the following contents: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; Introduction of main products; Market competitiveness of products; Product development process; Plan and cost analysis of developing new products; Market prospect forecast of products; Brand and patent of products, etc.

In the product (service) introduction part, entrepreneurs should make a detailed description of the product (service), which should be accurate and easy to understand, so that non-professional investors can understand it. In general, product introduction should be accompanied by product prototype, photos or other introductions.

(6) Personnel and organizational structure

In the production activities of enterprises, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management and so on. And human resource management is a very important link.

Because of the development of today's society, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people's initiative and creativity. Enterprises should follow scientific principles and methods to manage such resources well.

In the business plan, it is necessary to define the main managers, introduce their abilities, their duties and responsibilities in the enterprise, and their past detailed experiences and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, the company structure should also be briefly introduced, including: the organization chart of the company; Functions and responsibilities of various departments; Heads of departments and main members; The company's salary system; List of shareholders of the company, including stock options, proportions and privileges; Board members of the company; Background information of directors.

Experience and past success are more convincing than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason.

(7) Market forecast

It shall include the following contents:

1, demand forecast;

2. Market forecast: an overview of the current market situation;

3. Overview of competitors;

4. Target customers and target markets;

5. The market position of the products of this enterprise, etc.

(8) Marketing strategy

Misunderstanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for the failure of enterprises.

In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:

(1) Selection of market organization and marketing channels;

(2) Marketing team and management;

(3) Promotion plan and advertising strategy;

(4) Price decision.

(9) Manufacturing plan

The manufacturing plan in the business plan shall include the following contents:

1, product manufacturing and technical equipment status;

2, new product production plan;

3, technical upgrading and equipment update requirements;

4, quality control and quality improvement plan.

(10) financial planning

Financial planning generally includes the following contents:

The emphasis is on the preparation of cash flow statement, balance sheet and income statement.

Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise, so when an enterprise starts or expands, it needs to be carefully planned in advance and strictly controlled in the process;

The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation; The balance sheet reflects the state of the enterprise at a certain moment, and investors can use the ratio index obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the operating status and possible return on investment of the enterprise.

(1 1) Risk and risk management

(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?

(2) How will you deal with these risks?

(3) What additional opportunities do you think your company has?

(4) How to expand based on your capital?

(5) How does your five-year plan perform under the best and worst conditions?

If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate how big your error range is. If possible, make the best and worst settings for your key parameters.

Third, the preparation steps of the business plan

Preparing a business plan is a process of looking forward to the future of the project, exploring reasonable ideas in detail, confirming all kinds of necessary resources needed to implement the project, and then seeking necessary support.

It should be noted that not everything in the above outline should be included in any business plan. Entrepreneurial content is different, and the two are very different.

The first stage: experiential learning

The second stage: the idea of starting a business

The third stage: market research

The fourth stage: scheme drafting

Full text of business plan

Write the full text, add a cover, extract the whole starting point and write a summary, and then arrange the whole starting point plan in the following order:

(1) market opportunities and strategies;

(2) management;

(3) management team;

(4) Financial budget;

(5) Others directly related to the audience; Information and materials, such as founders, potential investors, and even family members and spouses.

The fifth stage: the final revision stage

First of all, according to your report, make a 1-2 page summary of the most important things and put it in front. Secondly, check, don't make mistakes such as typos, or others will doubt whether you are rigorous in your work. Finally, design a beautiful cover, write down the table of contents and page numbers, and then print and bind it into a book.

Stage 6: Inspection

You can check from the following aspects:

(1) Does your business plan indicate that you have experience in managing a company?

(2) Whether your business plan shows that you have the ability to repay the loan.

(3) Whether your business plan shows that you have conducted a complete market analysis.

(4) Whether your business plan is easy to be understood by investors. The business plan should have an index and a table of contents, so that investors can refer to each chapter more easily. We should also ensure that the information flow in the catalogue is logical and realistic.

(5) Do you have a plan summary in your business plan and put it at the front? The plan summary is equivalent to the cover of the company's business plan, and investors will read it first. In order to keep the interest of investors, the plan summary should be attractive.

(6) Whether your business plan is grammatically correct.

(7) Can your business plan dispel investors' doubts about products (services)?

A product model can be prepared if necessary.

Feasibility analysis and model essay of business plan

I. Market analysis

For a long time, due to the low living standard, domestic residents have little consumption of small household appliances with "kitchen" and "bathroom" as the main service objects. According to statistics, there are only three or four kinds of small household appliances in cities and towns in China, while the statistics in Europe and America are as high as 37 kinds. According to statistics, at least 2.6 million families move into new houses in China every year. With the improvement of people's living standards, the increasing attention to "kitchen" and "bathroom", and the accelerated popularization and upgrading of small household appliances, it will certainly hatch an amazing market driving force, and the market development prospects of small household appliances are very broad. In the next two to three years, China's small household appliances industry will enter a golden stage of development, and the annual growth rate of market demand may exceed 30%.

At present, there are only two kinds of small household appliances for bathroom heating: Yuba and heater. At present, there are 376 enterprises producing yuba in China, and the domestic sales volume of 200/kloc-0 is expected to be 4 million units, 5.5 million units in 2002 and 7 million units in 2003, with sales exceeding 65.438 billion yuan. Among urban families, the ownership rate of Yuba is less than15% (in 2004), and the recognition rate of domestic consumers to Yuba is 82%, so the market space is huge.

Yuba occupies an absolute advantage in bathroom heating equipment, among which Aopu's sales in 2004 was 260 million yuan, ranking first in the market. At present, the manufacturers of Yuba and heater are mostly concentrated in Zhejiang and Guangdong, but most of them are small factories, mostly imitation or OEM production, and their independent research and development ability is not strong.

In the Yangtze River valley of our country, most houses have no heating, so bathing in winter has always been a big problem. Although there are yuba and heaters, people expect a simple and effective heating appliance. According to my investigation, people's impression of this product is still good, and the market potential is huge.

Compared with Yuba and heater market, the sales market of this product is at least 50-65.438+0 billion yuan.

We can take advantage of patented technology to quickly occupy the bathroom heating equipment market and establish our own brand and sales network.

(The above data are from Consumer Daily and China Household Electrical Appliances Association)

Second, our goal.

Our goal is to follow the example in 2006, enter the market and develop agents at or above the prefecture level 10- 15, with sales of more than 2 million, 5 million in 2007 and 20 million in 2008, and the profit rate will remain at 30%-50%.

Third, the use of funds.

Because this product has never been on the market before, the preliminary cost of sample trial production and mold development is relatively large, estimated at10-150,000 yuan;

Various certificates, licenses and trademarks: 50,000 yuan;

Company establishment, related office supplies procurement, personnel recruitment, company website, etc. : 65438+ ten thousand yuan;

Rent, utilities and personnel salary (half a year): 1.5 million yuan;

Exhibition and advertising fee: 654.38+10,000 yuan;

Cost of small batch production (5000 tablets): 200,000-250,000 yuan;

Working capital: 200,000 yuan.

Total: 6,543,800 yuan+0,000 yuan.

Fourth, product cost and profit analysis

In order to save costs and reduce investment risks, early small batch production was mainly outsourced, and production equipment was not purchased for the time being. This product mainly includes: barrel body, cover, heating plate, leakage protector, dry-burning protector, switch, steam regulating plate, base and sealing ring. Among them, the heating plate 7-8 yuan, the leakage protector 12 yuan, the dry-burning protector 1.5 yuan, the switch 0.5 yuan, and the rest are plastic parts at the price of 15 yuan. In addition, the total cost of product packaging, wiring screws and freight is below that of 40 yuan.

The wholesale price is tentatively set in 80 yuan, and each Maori 40 yuan. It is estimated that the investment can be recovered in two years, with a slight profit.

(The above data are the spare parts dealers under investigation, which may float downwards. )

Verb (abbreviation of verb) sales prospect

At present, there is no similar product on the market, and the sales pressure of the product is relatively small. It is suggested to use the ready-made sales network of electrical wholesalers around the country to carry out agent sales. At present, we have contacted a number of businesses and initially reached a sales intention.

Intransitive verb cooperation plan

This patent project is a non-service invention, and the patent right belongs to the individual. The specific mode of cooperation shall be decided by both parties through consultation.

Seven, raw material supply plan

Can be produced outside, no special requirements.

Eight. The future of the project

Because this product is easy to manufacture and the threshold is not high, it is inevitable to be copied. In addition to strengthening anti-counterfeiting efforts, constantly upgrading products is also a necessary means to expand the market. At present, two samples have been developed, and 3-5 new products will be launched next year. With the upgrading of products, we will be able to gain a firm foothold in the market.