Evaluate the success or failure of Emperor Qianlong.

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was one of the greatest emperors in the history of China. During his reign, he made brilliant political achievements, and Gan Long himself created many historical records, but he also made fatal mistakes. So, what are the merits and demerits of Emperor Qianlong?

Let's talk about the merits of Qianlong first. The great event of Qianlong's life has made brilliant ruling achievements. Can be explained by historical records.

First, the population hit a historical record. The previous written record was about 70 million at most. After six years of Qianlong, the population statistics are1.400 million; Qianlong has a population of nearly 300 million for fifty-five years. In more than 50 years, Qianlong doubled the population of the Qing Dynasty. This is a remarkable achievement.

Second, the economic aggregate was the first in the world at that time. During the Qianlong period, GDP accounted for one-third of the world economy, and the total manufacturing industry was eight times that of Britain and six times that of Russia. The book "Silver Capital" written by an economist said that the Qing Dynasty was not only the center of the international trade system, but also occupied a dominant position in the world economy.

Third, the territory set a record in the Qing Dynasty. In the twenty-four years of Qianlong, the territory of the Qing Dynasty expanded to 654.38+03.8 million square kilometers. Moreover, the Qianlong dynasty not only had a huge territory, but also basically realized strong political jurisdiction and military control over the border areas. This is unmatched by all previous dynasties.

The fourth is to revise the "Siku Quanshu". Sikuquanshu, revised by Emperor Qianlong, is a book with the largest number of words in the history of China, with 80,000 volumes and 997 million words. To sum up, the Qianlong dynasty created the peak of history in politics, economy, military and culture.

Let's talk about dry dragons again. Three fatal mistakes made by Qianlong:

Gan Long's first mistake personally ruined the prosperity he created. In his later years, Qianlong was arrogant and extravagant, which caused serious slack in Qing politics, triggered a comprehensive greed in Qing politics, led to the uprising of Anbalism, and led to the decline of Qing Dynasty from its peak.

The second is Daxing Wen Zi Prison. Qianlong was the emperor with the most literary inquisitions in the history of China. Before the Qing Dynasty, there were not many literary courts, and only after Kang Yong developed for three generations did it gradually increase. Kangxi was less than 10, Yongzheng was 20, and Qianlong 130. The total number of literary prisons in Qianlong dynasty exceeded the historical sum. At the same time, Qianlong was also the emperor who destroyed the most books in the history of China.

The third mistake is to misjudge the general trend of the world and adopt the wrong diplomatic means. The era of Qianlong's life is an unprecedented era of change in human history. In A.D. 1730, an Englishman, Kay, invented the flying shuttle, which started the industrial revolution. In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong, Watt invented the steam engine, which marked the beginning of mechanized mass production. In fact, at that time, the Qing dynasty had the opportunity to understand the development of the world. Kangxi was interested in western culture and knew the threat. Gan Long has no such understanding.

Although there were many western missionaries and imported goods in the palace during the Qianlong period, Qianlong was also famous for clocks and toys, but he was not interested in western civilization. He thinks China is everywhere. In the high-speed period of world globalization, he adopted a closed-door policy, which made western countries realize that behind the appearance of prosperity in the Qing Dynasty was empty national defense strength. Backward diplomatic thoughts and wrong diplomatic means were the reasons for the decline of the national situation.

Success or failure evaluation of emperor Qianlong