Classical Chinese for fishing

1. There seems to be no interesting story about catching fish in classical Chinese. But Shen Fu's childlike interest is also quite interesting.

When I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun and observe autumn in detail. When I see a little thing, I have to check its texture carefully, so I sometimes look for fun outside of things.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy.

I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass on the flower platform, so that it is flush with the platform; If you look closely, you can feel at ease when you wander around with bushes as forests, insects and ants as beasts, convex soil and gravel as hills and concave soil as valleys.

One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it. I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital.

I recall that when I was a child, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open and my eyesight was excellent. Every time I meet something small, I have to observe its texture carefully, so I can often feel the happiness beyond the thing itself.

On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, there are really hundreds of white cranes ahead. Looking up at them, even the neck became stiff. I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, slowly spraying smoke, making them fly and screaming at the smoke, forming a picture of a white crane in Qingyun, which really made me feel very happy.

I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are flowers and plants, so that my body is as high as the table. I regard bushes as trees, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, the protruding parts of clods as hills, and the sunken parts as gullies. I am happy and satisfied with my imaginary journey in this realm.

One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass. I squatted down to observe. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge beast came from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a frog. When its tongue spit out, it ate both bugs. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim. He came to his senses, caught the frog, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to another yard.

There seems to be no interesting story about catching fish in classical Chinese.

However, Shen Fu's Childlike Fun is also quite interesting. When I recall my childhood, I can stare at the sun and observe the details of autumn. When I see something too small, I will carefully check its texture, so it will be interesting from time to time. In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang.

Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy. I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass of the flower bed, so that I can be flush with the platform; If you look closely, you can feel at ease when you wander around with bushes as forests, insects and ants as beasts, convex soil and gravel as hills and concave soil as valleys.

One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it. I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised.

I recall that when I was young, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open and my eyesight was excellent. Every time I meet something small, I have to observe its texture carefully, so I can often feel the happiness beyond the thing itself. On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, there are really hundreds of white cranes ahead. Looking up at them, even the neck became stiff.

I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, slowly spraying smoke, making them fly and screaming at the smoke, forming a picture of a white crane in Qingyun, which really made me feel very happy. I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are flowers and plants, so that my body is as high as the table. I regard bushes as trees, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, the protruding parts of clods as hills, and the sunken parts as gullies. I am happy and satisfied with my imaginary journey in this realm.

One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass. I squatted down to observe. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge beast came from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a frog. When its tongue spit out, it ate both bugs. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim.

When he came to his senses, he caught the frog, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to other yards.

3. Please look at the following sentences for the translation of fishing pictures in classical Chinese: ① Traffic in the building, chickens and dogs hear each other.

("Peach Blossom Garden") 2 people look at the end of silence and listen to the sound of tea. (The Story of the Nuclear Ship) 3 When I saw the fisherman, I was shocked and asked what I had not done.

("Peach Blossom Garden") 4 Hate for a long time. (Chen She Family) (5) Buy horses in the east market, saddles in the west market, reins in the south market and whips in the north market.

The correct translation of the above sentence is: ① The fields are criss-crossing, and the voices of chickens and dogs (people) can hear each other clearly. The man's eyes are looking at (the tea stove) and his expression is focused, as if listening to whether the tea is ready.

When I saw the fisherman, I was very surprised and asked him where he came from. I sighed because of disappointment and hated it for a long time.

I went to many markets and bought things necessary for the war. Why do you translate it like this? Because classical Chinese translation has certain requirements, principles and methods, in a word-requirements: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance; Principle: Literal translation is the main one, supplemented by free translation; Methods: Keep, change, correct, supplement, delete and adjust.

Specifically-the so-called "trust" means credibility, reliability and truthfulness. In other words, the translation should conform to the original meaning and be faithful to the original.

It would be disloyal to the original text to translate "chicken and dog hear each other" into "chicken and dog hear each other". The so-called "reaching" means "passing".

Is coherent, smooth, smooth. That is, the translation should not only conform to the grammatical norms and expression habits of modern Chinese, but also be consistent with the context.

If the translated text makes people feel awkward and difficult to read, it is not "Da". If we translate "people's eyes are silent" into "people's eyes are correct and people's appearance is silent", it is not in line with the grammatical norms of modern Chinese, because "silence" can be used to describe the environment, how can we describe "appearance"? The so-called "elegance" means that translation should be as elegant as possible, and the language style and artistic characteristics of the original text should be translated.

For example, the original text uses metaphor, parallelism or duality, and the translation should also translate these rhetorical devices to make the translation look vivid; Or grasp the rhetoric of the original text and translate the original intention. For example, "chickens and dogs hear each other", which can be translated as "chickens and dogs hear each other" instead of their songs; With intertextuality, it can be translated as "I went to many markets and bought things necessary for war".

Literal translation requires that the original words have a foothold in the translation, the translation has a basis in the original text, and the sentence characteristics and style of the translation should be consistent with the original text. For example, causative usage, intentional usage and special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (inverted sentences, passive sentences, etc.). The flexible use of parts of speech should be reflected in translation.

Like the above example, most places are literally translated, which can be said to be "one-to-one correspondence". The "silence at the visual end" in Example ② and Example ⑤ is a free translation.

Free translation means translating according to the main idea of the original text, not sticking to the text of the original text, but adopting a completely different expression from the original text. As an examination, literal translation is the main method. When literal translation is really difficult, free translation is adopted, as in Examples 2 and 5 above.

There are two basic methods of free translation, one is reporting and the other is condensation. Many figures of speech in classical Chinese, if translated directly from the original text, do not conform to the habits and requirements of modern Chinese, and their meanings will be unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to express these figures of speech with words that conform to modern Chinese habits. This is the reporting method. The translation of Example 2 is reporting.

Strictly speaking, "sight" and "ability" in Silence at the End of Vision are synonymous with eyes and expressions respectively. Sometimes in classical Chinese, in order to strengthen the momentum of the article or enhance a certain expression effect, some complicated strokes are used. If you translate according to the original text, it is really difficult to do it and the expression effect is not good. In this case, simply translating the meaning to be expressed in the sentence is called condensation. For example, condensation is used in translation.

Here are six specific translation methods. To stay is to keep some words that do not need to be translated or cannot be translated, as well as words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, such as names of people, officials, places, things, countries, years and so on.

In the above five situations, some words are reserved in translation: chicken, human, listening, asking, coming and so on. To change is to change a modern Chinese into the same meaning, such as buildings-fields and alleys, criss-crossing traffic, dogs-dogs, smell-hearing, if-as if-feeling disappointed and regretful.

Yes, it's communication. First, translation is generally "one-to-one correspondence", and most of the above examples are "one-to-one correspondence"; Second, the translation of words from monosyllabic to disyllabic, such as tea-tea, surprise-surprise, long, fair, buy buy and so on. Supplement means supplement. First, fill in the omitted words in the sentence. Second, make up the omitted sentences to make them more coherent and smooth. For example, "chickens and dogs hear each other" is a subject-predicate sentence, and the subject is the radical phrase "chickens and dogs chirp", so the prefix "chirp" should be added in translation; The predicate is the subject-predicate phrase "people can hear clearly", and the subject "people" should be added in translation, otherwise it will not be faithful to the original text.

When omitted components are supplemented, they are enclosed in parentheses. Delete means delete, delete those function words that have no practical meaning, pause and fill syllables, as well as half of the compound words that are biased (not suitable for similarities and differences) and synonymous compounds (if they are light).

For example, the word "zhi" used after adjectives is a syllable auxiliary word, which has no practical significance and should be deleted in translation; Another example is (5), if translated literally, it is verbose and impractical. It is better to delete the complex and translate it into "I went to many markets and bought the necessary items for exploration", which is more concise. Tone, that is, exchange, exchange some inverted sentence elements to make it conform to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese.

The classical Chinese sentence patterns that need to be reversed include verb inversion (subject postposition), prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition (subject-object postposition) and so on. For example 3, the word "cong" in "Wen Suo Cong" is the preposition object, and the translation should be in the order of "cong Suo".

The above words "stay, change, correct and delete" are aimed at the translation of words, while "complement and tune" are aimed at the translation of sentences. As for the specific methods, it depends on the specific language environment.

4. The original text of the classical Chinese translation of the second fishing is tasted from Hengxi. The second fishing is divided into stones, and the first fish is the most easy to get; When B died that day, he got a pole and asked A, "The bait is the same, and the water he caught is the same. What's the difference? " A said, "We went fishing, but we didn't even blink when we knew there was a fish but I didn't know there was one. If God doesn't change, the fish will die for me, so it's easy to get it. My son means fish, but my eyes are on fish. If God changes, the fish will die. I laughed! " B took several fish as he taught him. I sighed and said, "What's the purpose! What do you mean! " "I dare to remember. I once walked alone in a stream. Two old men sat on both sides of a stone and fished. Among them, A got a lot of fish and caught it easily. Otsuichi gets nothing every day. (b) I threw down the fishing rod and asked A, "The bait is the same, so is the stream. Why is the difference so big? A said, "When I started to get out of trouble, I thought of myself, not fish. I didn't blink, but I still looked the same. The fish forgot me, so it was easy to take the bait. When you think of fish, your expression (always) changes, and the fish (naturally) escapes. Where can I get anything? "B did as he taught and caught several fish in succession. I sighed. "This means that the purpose of things has become philosophy!" "There are two comments: an old man catches fish from a stone at most; Very dead; Escape from b as he taught; According to taste; Once unexpected; Throwing it all day; Throw it aside; Instantly; Roll your eyes, dying; Run away from Xi: what do you mean: care, be human: the purpose of the law is delicious, which is extended to praise the stone: squatting on the stone. This story tells us philosophy. If we want to treat things with a normal heart, we can only get nothing. Even if you can't be calm, you should at least concentrate, which is the premise of doing a good job. At the same time, it also enlightens us that only by mastering scientific laws and paying attention to methods can we achieve results.

5. The essay "Looking for Fish" means that the big fish suddenly shakes, and it is already midnight. The old man pulled in the fishing line in despair: this time they can beat me and tie it tight.

The big fish swam leisurely. He finally failed and got into a fight with the big fish. The big fish is still dragging the boat. "。 On the third day, many fishermen stood around the boat if the fish jumped again. He held back all the pain. The old man sailed home, and there was nothing he could do about me. If you are not tired, you will start spinning. "

He tried to tighten the fishing line to avoid being dragged into the sea, but he couldn't beat him and sharks swarmed in. "It killed the first shark with a harpoon. He said he caught the fishing line. He can't bear to see the fish. A shark pounced on the head of the dead fish. The lonely old man was talking to the bird and kept sighing. He did his best. He has a short stick on his head, but the boat goes very fast. When he went out to sea, he finally caught a marlin longer than his boat: it was amazing that another set of locks tied it to his waist. At night. All he knew was that the boat was moving smoothly and its back was purple. He thought, let out a fishing line, and the belly painted with honeysuckle turned to the surface of the water. He jumped up again and again. "

The fishing line rose slowly.

When he sailed into the harbor, he could sleep by himself. He knew that Yu must have been injured, and people were amazed. He began to drag the fish and show off the prestige of the year. She was always thinking about the children. The old man pulled the fishing line on his back, and a man measured it with a rope and said. He knows it's all over, fish, lie down and sleep, and you can destroy him as much as possible. After four hours, they must be killed. He can't bear to think about the torn belly of the fish, so he will hang the hook in the fish's mouth to enlarge the hole, and the fish will jump up. So the old man tied the knife to the paddle and hit the shark. It held the harpoon high. I will accompany you to death, but the harpoon also sinks into the bottom of the sea with the shark. However, he pitied the fish. Frankly speaking, if he is calm, he will get rid of the hook and wash away the tension of the fishing line. The big fish dragged the boat to the vast sea. If you yank, you will feel pain now: "If only you were still here. He thought, "He sings two feet better than a boat. He has a tiller. The next day, it was 1500 kg. In the dark, the old man tried to carry the fishing line on his shoulder, hoping that he would fall asleep, but they still bit the fish piece by piece and the fish was exposed. The old man tightened the fishing line and saw its tail sticking out of the water. That's really strange, but sharks come in batches: "A man is not born to be defeated. On the eighty-fifth day, his back is turned to the sky. He said loudly that he would pull it closer, so the old man used it to pull it. At this time. The old man said, plunge the harpoon into the imperial kiln and drag the old man to the penetration side, but the fishing line was tight and he went back to the hut.

The blood of dead fish attracts sharks. "He felt very tired and swam to the front to deal with the last struggle of the big fish;

The next morning. He said, but as long as I have pulp, it has been bitten to pieces. When I went to dream of the lion, the old man only saw their phosphorescence. "I have no help. He went ashore: "Fish. He was full of nonsense, but tied his tail with a lock: "It was eighteen feet long from nose to tail. The old man beat him with a stick and tied him to the boat." "Fish, the water rushed from its side and leaned back. I also felt the pain." "The boat and people drifted slowly, and a bird stopped on the fishing line." Now he has drifted out of sight of the land, and he managed to hold on to it. Although the fishing line kept sending down and shoveling off the meat of the big fish, it was too late to fight back and look at the bones of the dead fish. The fish swam over, motionless, swimming along the route taken by the boat and the fish, and nothing happened. They sniffed out the trail, and the big sickle-like tail appeared in the water and was about to break. Finally. The shark came again, and he did everything he could, splitting it with a woman's stick, which was beautiful and put his strength into it; Fish, really strange: "I have no idea."

6. The ancient Chinese meaning of fishing:

(I know. From water, from fish. Xiao zhuan cong er Yu original fishing)

be synonymous

Fishing, fishing too. -"Shuo Wen"

Command the fisherman to cut the jiaozi, and command the fisherman to start fishing. -"The Book of Rites and the Moon Order"

Rex sacrificed fish and then fished. -"Poetry and the Story of the Shark"

Fishermen travel far. -"Huainanzi said Lin"

Take fishing as a profession. -"History of Han Follwed"

Fishing by the stream is rich in fish. -Song Ouyang Xiu's Drunk Pavilion

Another example is firewood (fishing and chopping wood); Fishing (fishing collection); Fishing (fishing); Fishing (fishing and bird hunting); Yuze (fishing Shui Ze); Yuji (water rock for fishing);

rob

People suffer from fishing invasion, and if there is a response. -Fang Shao's Fang La Uprising

Another example is fishing for color and wealth (hunting for beauty and wealth); Fishing and hunting girl (likes fishing and playing)

fish

① Fishing.

② Fisherman.

(3) Occupation and plunder.

4 refers to looking for.

7. Give me the ancient prose and translation of "Fishing with Exhaustion". The original text is: if you fish when you are exhausted, you will not get it, and there will be no fish next year; If you burn the field, you won't get it, and there will be no animals next year. Although you can steal it today, you can never get it back. This is not a long-term skill. Drain the lake and go fishing. How can you not catch it? But there will be no fish next year; Burning forest to hunt, how can you miss? But there will be no wild animals next year. Even if you don't tell others now, it won't be a long-term solution in the future. Note that "fishing with exhaustion" in "fishing with exhaustion" above means "drying up the water in the pool and then fishing. Also, "earthquakes, landslides, rivers drying up" are endless. Also, "exhausted" refers to falling down after exhausting energy. Said by: Lu Chunqiu's Fourteen Rewards was originally intended for fishing in the lake. Metaphor leaves no room for taking it, only looking at immediate interests and not making long-term plans. It also describes the cruel exploitation of the people by reactionaries.