The origin of quarks

1964, gherman, an American physicist, put forward the-quark model and the octet (octet) and decathlon states of quarks.

? Octet state of quark

Quarks for decades?

? (Quark band 2/3 charge on U, quark band-1/3 charge on D and odd quark band-1/3 charge on S)

The charges of the four δ baryons are:

δ-= 1e-，？ δ 0 = uncharged,? δ+= 1e+，？ δ++ = 2e+，

E is the charge of an electron = 1.60* 10? Coulomb.

Quarks are divided into three generations (each generation is heavier).

? -Six flavors (flavor is energy, from small to large-from top to bottom, six flavors),

? -Three colors (colors are degrees of freedom and phase, and three colors are red, green and blue),

? -positive and negative, so there are always 36 kinds of quarks.

Three generations of positive and negative quark graphs:

Tricolor quark diagram: Tricolor quarks are composed of different baryons, nucleons and hyperons (red, blue and green each occupy a color).

Quarks are the basic units of hadrons (including neutrons, protons, nucleons, hyperons, baryons and mesons) (see the figure below).

Hadrons such as neutrons, protons and mesons are composed of quarks, which are the more basic units (neutrons and protons are composed of three quarks and belong to baryons, and mesons are composed of two quarks). Many Chinese physicists call quarks "stratons".

Positive and negative quarks form various meson diagrams.

? Quark-gluon plasma diagram

The+-sign in the figure represents the smallest inseparable unit of positive and negative electromagnetic information-quantum bit.

(john wheeler, a famous physicist, once famously said: Everything comes from bit by bit.

After the prosperity of quantum information research, this concept has been sublimated to everything from quantum bits.

Note: One point is one point.