What are the measures to promote seedling growth before and after vegetable planting in greenhouse in winter?

By the middle of 10, winter crops and vegetables began to be planted one after another, and the management before and after planting is a crucial link in vegetable planting. Improper management of every detail of this link will directly affect the probability and yield of vegetable diseases and insect pests in the later period. So today, we will talk about the management work before and after planting vegetables in winter, and what details should be paid attention to.

First, do a good job in pre-colonial preparations.

There are two main preparations for this period before planting, namely, soil preparation and seedling raising.

1, land consolidation

There are three contents in soil preparation: soil preparation and fertilization, ridging and soil disinfection.

(1) Soil preparation and fertilization

When preparing the soil, turn it over as deep as possible. It is suggested that the turning depth should be 15~20 cm, which is beneficial to the downward rooting of vegetables when they grow. At the same time of soil preparation, no fertilizer is applied, and only 3~5 cubic meters of straw is applied per mu. If the planting time is longer, the amount of straw can be increased to 6~ 10 cubic meter. Why use straw instead of manure? The use of straw has two advantages, one is to increase the looseness of soil; Another advantage is that at present, many greenhouses use more chemical fertilizers year after year, and the soil salinization is serious. Using straw fertilizer can absorb too much salt in the soil, which is incomparable to manure.

(2) Building a ridge at the border

After turning over the land, start making boundaries. Before making the border, apply the base fertilizer we need. It is recommended to apply organic bacterial fertilizer120 ~160 and low nitrogen, medium phosphorus and high potassium compound fertilizer (the recommended ratio is 10- 15-20) in the ridge, where the fertilizers are concentrated, that is, the so-called directional fertilization, and then concentrate on the ridge. The advantage of this is to avoid the waste of fertilizer. Now, vegetable planting will be based on size. Too much fertilizer is applied in the big row, and the root system can't reach the fertilizer, so it must be applied directionally.

Too much nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer will make the seedlings grow too vigorously in the early stage, which will have an adverse effect on the results, and the vigorous growth should be controlled in the later stage. However, it should be noted that directional fertilization does not mean that the fertilizer should be next to the roots to avoid burning the roots. Pay attention to keep the distance between the root system and the fertilizer at about 5 cm when planting. The application of microbial fertilizer during ridging can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, promote rooting, help to form strong trees and increase yield.

(3) soil disinfection

Soil disinfectants are determined according to the actual situation. If root diseases have not occurred in the greenhouse before planting vegetables, it is not recommended to disinfect the soil, because disinfection will kill beneficial bacteria as well as harmful bacteria. If the original soil-borne diseases in the shed are serious, it is suggested that after the frame is straightened, the soil should be disinfected by spraying or watering with chlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder, and then supplemented with bacteria after disinfection to increase the beneficial bacteria in the soil.

2. Preparation of young seeds

After finishing the land, the next step is to prepare the seedlings. One of the most important reasons for the frequent occurrence of vegetable virus diseases this autumn is that plants carry viruses when they come out of the seedling factory. If the overwintering crops are planted with non-antiviral varieties, they must be sown late, and the sowing date should be postponed until June 25th 10 to the beginning of June 1 10; If it is an antiviral variety, it doesn't matter when.

(1) seedling raising

After the seedlings are pulled out of the seedling factory, don't plant them in a hurry, but put them in the shed 1~2 days for practice. Because the seedlings are in a relatively stable environment in the seedling factory, the stress resistance of the seedlings is relatively poor. The environment changes greatly after entering the shed, and the seedlings need to have a process of adapting to the shed environment.

(2) Dip the root

Many nursery factories do not attach importance to the control of pathogenic bacteria. Once the seedling factory fails to prevent diseases, the seedlings may carry pathogenic bacteria or get sick when they enter the shed, leading to a large-scale outbreak of diseases after planting. Therefore, before planting, it is necessary to dip the seedlings in the roots, and dip the roots with water 15% hymexazol solution 1500 times +80% ethylicin 6000 times +5% Methomyl 300~500 times, which can effectively prevent diseases such as damping-off and stem rot.

Second, do a good job in colonization.

When planting seedlings, we should do well in three aspects: controlling the planting depth, watering the planting water and adjusting the temperature in the shed.

1, master the planting depth.

All vegetables in the greenhouse, no matter what season or stubble, are planted shallowly. What is the greenhouse like and what is it like in the ground? The appropriate depth should be that the cotyledons of seedlings are all in the soil. Planting too shallow is easy to show pimples, which is not conducive to slow seedling; Planting too deep and rooting too slowly will also lead to root rot and seedling death.

2. Good irrigation water

Immediately after transplanting, water the seedlings with planting water, which must be thoroughly watered, and grasp the principle of thorough watering without heavy watering. The water penetration depth can reach about 20~25 cm.

3. Control the temperature in the shed.

Whether outdoor air is needed after planting depends on the temperature in the shed. For crops that like moderate temperature, such as tomatoes, the daytime temperature should be controlled as much as possible at around 28℃ and not more than 30℃; For crops that like high temperature, such as cucumber, pepper and eggplant, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 30℃ and not more than 32℃. If the temperature in the shed is too high and the weather is sunny, it can be properly ventilated.

Third, do a good job in post-colonial management.

After planting, it is necessary to do a good job of watering in time, preventing pests and diseases, and buckling the film.

1, water the seedlings in time.

Water the seedlings in time about 7 days after planting, preferably not more than 10 days. Slow seedling water is not big enough, but a little bigger than planting water. Planting water is to make seedlings survive quickly, so it is also called slow seedling water? Send a water? . When watering slow seedling water, some rooting bacteria fertilizer can be applied to promote seedling rooting. Never use big chemical fertilizer to water slow seedlings, because the main task at this time is to make the roots of seedlings grow well.

After the slow seedling water is delivered, it enters the stage of squatting seedlings, at which time the temperature in the shed drops. The daytime temperature of mesophilic crops such as tomatoes should be controlled at around 26℃ and not more than 28℃. For crops that like high temperature, such as cucumber, eggplant and pepper, the daytime temperature should be controlled at around 28℃ and not more than 30℃. If the temperature in the shed is too high after watering the slow seedlings, the seedlings will grow too fast and the root system will grow weakly.

2. Do a good job in pest control.

It is not recommended to use any chemicals to slow down the growth of seedlings before planting. At this time, the seedlings have no new roots, and the internal absorption of the plants is not good. If there are Bemisia tabaci, Bemisia tabaci and other pests on the seedlings, you have to wait until 7 days after planting. From the end of 10, the temperature outside the shed will drop sharply, basically below 10℃, and many pests will enter the shed. After wintering for a long time, it is necessary to apply drugs twice to control pests such as whitefly and Bemisia tabaci, and also apply antiviral drugs just in case. The interval between the first application and the second application is 5-7 days.

3, grasp the membrane buckle time

Many growers will buckle the film immediately after delaying the growth of seedlings. The film is buckled too early, and the soil temperature and humidity are too high, which affects the root system to take root downwards. It is suggested that the film should be buckled after planting 15~20 days. In addition, it should be noted that the plastic film should be buckled in the shed, not all over the floor. It is suggested that the plastic film should only be buckled in the planting line, not in the aisle, otherwise the root system will be prone to hypoxia and will also affect the root system to take root downwards.

As for the choice of black film or white film, it depends on the number of weeds. If there are not many weeds in the field, buckle the white film, if there are many weeds in the field, buckle the black film. Black film prevents grass and white film increases ground temperature.

Summary: Vegetable management before and after planting in winter is very important. Improper management will lead to a series of follow-up problems, and the yield and quality of vegetables will be greatly affected. Therefore, good management before and after planting is the premise of good growth and good harvest, which must be highly valued by growers and friends.